scholarly journals Improving the definition of fishing effort for important European fleets by accounting for the skipper effect

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Marchal ◽  
Bo Andersen ◽  
David Bromley ◽  
Ane Iriondo ◽  
Stéphanie Mahévas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Fishing Trip ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

The scope of this paper is to quantify, for a wide selection of European fisheries, fishing tactics and strategies and to evaluate the benefits of adjusting the definition of fishing effort using these elements. Fishing tactics and strategies were identified by métiers choices and a series of indices. These indices have been derived to reflect shifts in tactics (within a fishing trip) and in strategies (within a year). The Shannon–Wiener spatial diversity indices of fishing tactics (FT_SW) and strategies (YE_SW) had the greatest impact on catch rates. In particular, FT_SW was always negatively correlated to catch rates. One may anticipate that during a fishing trip, vessels with high FT_SW have been searching fish aggregations for a long time, while vessels with low FT_SW have been more efficient in finding these aggregations. The linkage between YE_SW and catch rates was of a more complex nature. Adjusting fishing effort by means of (i) the métier effect and (ii) the indices of tactics and strategies generally led to a substantial gain in the precision of the relationship between fishing mortality and fishing effort.

scholarly journals Impact of technological creep on fishing effort and fishing mortality, for a selection of European fleets

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Marchal ◽  
Bo Andersen ◽  
B. Caillart ◽  
Ole Eigaard ◽  
Olivier Guyader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Past ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Marchal, P., Andersen, B., Caillart, B., Eigaard, Guyader, O., Hovgaard, H., Iriondo, A., Le Fur, F., Sacchi, J., and Santurtún, M. 2007. Impact of technological creep on fishing effort and fishing mortality, for a selection of European fleets–ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64, 192–209. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to identify the main changes in gear and vessel technology that may have improved the fishing efficiency of a number of French, Danish, and Basque fleets over the past few decades. Important changes include the gradual appearance of twin trawls (Danish and French trawlers) and trammel-nets (French gillnetters), and the increased polyvalence of Basque bottom trawlers. The results suggest that fishing effort descriptors that are not traditionally measured (gear type, groundrope type, length of net used per day, headline length, crew size, number of winch or net drums) may have a substantial impact on catch rates. Adjusting fishing effort using such descriptors may generally improve the relationship between fishing effort and fishing mortality.

Military Targeting in the Context of Self-Defence Actions

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Green ◽  
Christopher P.M. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Target Selection ◽  
Jus In Bello ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
Jus Ad Bellum ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Defence ◽  
Selection Of

For self-defence actions to be lawful, they must be directed at military targets. The absolute prohibition on non-military targeting under the jus in bello is well known, but the jus ad bellum also limits the target selection of states conducting defensive operations. Restrictions on targeting form a key aspect of the customary international law criteria of necessity and proportionality. In most situations, the jus in bello will be the starting point for the definition of a military targeting rule. Yet it has been argued that there may be circumstances when the jus ad bellum and the jus in bello do not temporally or substantively overlap in situations of self-defence. In order to address any possible gaps in civilian protection, and to bring conceptual clarity to one particular dimension of the relationship between the two regimes, this article explores the independent sources of a military targeting rule. The aim is not to displace the jus in bello as the ‘lead’ regime on how targeting decisions must be made, or to undermine the traditional separation between the two ‘war law’ regimes. Rather, conceptual light is shed on a sometimes assumed but generally neglected dimension of the jus ad bellum’s necessity and proportionality criteria that may, in limited circumstances, have significance for our understanding of human protection during war.

scholarly journals Defining Human Factor and Ergonomic and its related issues in Malaysia Pineapple Plantations

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 05047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Fazrina Mohamad Salleh ◽  
Ezrin Hani Sukadarin
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Human Factors Engineering ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Industrial Ergonomics ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
English Articles ◽  
Selection Of

Human factor and ergonomic has been a standardized as synonymous for a long time and has great potential to contribute in designing all kinds of systems with people. However, some opinions draw precisely distinctions among these terms. Numerous studies have been conducted in their attempt to understand the concept of human factor and ergonomic. The meaning of each term must be clearly understood before using them in any research to understand how human beings interact with surroundings. So, this paper seeks to review the definition of human factor and ergonomic. English articles and books dated as far 1970 were compiled from Taylor and Francis Online, Google Scholar and Science Direct. The keywords used in the selection of the articles are human factors, human factors engineering, ergonomics, industrial ergonomics, reviews, definition, difference and risk factors. A risk model related to each term is also provided to have more understanding towards it. Based on the finding of the literature review of human factor and ergonomic issue in pineapple plantation were explore and are categorized accordingly.

scholarly journals In my remembered country: what poetry tells us about the changing perceptions of volcanoes between the nineteenth and twenty-first centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-87
Author(s):  
Arianna Soldati ◽  
Sam Illingworth
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. In this study we investigate what poetry written about volcanoes from the 1800s to the present day reveals about the relationship between volcanoes and the societies and times represented by poets who wrote about them, including how it evolved over that time frame. In order to address this research question, we conducted a qualitative content analysis of a selection of 34 English-language poems written about human–volcano interactions. Firstly, we identified the overall connotation of each poem. Then, we recognised specific emerging themes and grouped them in categories. Additionally, we performed a quantitative analysis of the frequency with which each category occurs throughout the decades of the dataset. This analysis reveals that a spiritual element is often present in poetry about volcanoes, transcending both the creative and destructive power that they exert. Furthermore, the human–volcano relationship is especially centred around the sense of identity that volcanoes provide to humans, which may follow from both positive and negative events. These results highlight the suitability of poetry as a means to explore the human perception of geologic phenomena. Additionally, our findings may be relevant to the definition of culturally appropriate communication strategies with communities living near active volcanoes.

scholarly journals The implementation strategy of customary law aspect in protecting local environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 00041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratih Lestarini ◽  
Tirtawening ◽  
Riza Harmain ◽  
Succi Wulandhary ◽  
Dyah Utari
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
The People ◽  
Environmental Damages ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Environmental protection efforts have been made by the people, especially those still governed by customary law. Customary law serves to regulate society in all aspects of life, including the relationship between humans and between humans and the environment. The customary law also serves to regulate the use and the management of the environment efficiently for the purpose of preventing environmental damages and maintaining sustainability for the future. The communities which still have strong customary law will tend to preserve the environment and limit usages that cause damage to the environment. Cases of environmental damage that occurred today is very worrying. The formal law created is not sufficient to control it, so customary law is needed as an alternative to complementing the lack of formal law in order to effectively prevent the environmental damage. This research is aimed to determine the best way to protect the environment using customary aspect as the instrument. The method used in this paper is SWOT analysis that determines the strategies of the customary law in environment protection. The selection of the strategy was determined by the score and the weight of the pre-defined components. The results showed that the customary law, which has its own legal logic with aspects of local knowledge developed in the community for a long time as it relates to the values inherent culture and spiritualism, has a chance to be implemented in protecting environment. Customary law can be instrumental in preventing and protecting the environmental damage because the goal is to create harmony with nature.

scholarly journals In my remembered country: what poetry tells us about the changing perceptions of volcanoes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Soldati ◽  
Sam Illingworth
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. In this study we investigate what poetry written about volcanoes from 1800 to the present day reveals about the relationship between humanity and volcanoes, including how it evolved over that time frame. In order to address this research question, we conducted a qualitative content analysis of a selection of 34 English-language poems written about the human-volcano interactions. Firstly, we identified the overall connotation of each poem. Then, we recognized specific emerging themes and grouped them in categories. Additionally, we performed a quantitative analysis of the frequency with which each category occurs throughout the decades of the dataset. This analysis reveals that a spiritual element is often present in poetry about volcanoes, transcending both the creative and destructive power that they exert. Furthermore, the human-volcano relationship is especially centred around the sense of identity that volcanoes provide to humans, which may follow from both positive and negative events. These results highlight the suitability of poetry as a means to explore the human perception of geologic phenomena. Additionally, our findings may be relevant to the definition of culturally appropriate communication strategies with communities living nearby active volcanoes.

scholarly journals Effective natural handicap criteria application for productive and sustainable agricultural land-use management in Lithuania

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gintaras Jarasiunas ◽  
Eduardo J. Corbelle-Rico ◽  
Radoslava Kanianska
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Productive Land ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Actual Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Since 1975, European policy has provided some kind of support to areas with specific handicaps for agricultural production, in an attempt to maintain farming activities and population levels in them. The definition of clear criteria for the selection of the so called “Less Favoured Areas” (LFAs) is challenging because of the variability of regions within Europe and the variability of farm characteristics within each region. Actual selection remains very much a deductive approach and empirical evidence is scarce. This study investigates the relationship between the criteria of specific natural handicaps used for the delineation of intermediate LFAs (2014–2020) in Lithuania and generic farming condition and status. Results confirm the negative effects of selected natural handicaps on farm economic status and productive land use but raise some concerns regarding the idoneity of some of them, opening a way for their improvement.

scholarly journals THE PECULIARITIES OF INCOMPLETE SENTENCES IN MODERN ENGLISH

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 2860-2869
Author(s):  
Nilufar Sadullaeva, Umida Burieva
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Features ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Semantic Incompleteness ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

The issue of incomplete sentences has been long attracted more scientists. There were no special works devoted to incomplete sentences. The main significant research of this matter were the thesis of A.N.Nazarov and the work of I.A.Popova. I.A.Popova, at the conclusion of her work, comes to the pessimistic conclusion that it is impossible to give a satisfactory definition of incomplete sentences based on a grammatical structure, as well as the impossibility of putting forward clear criteria for dividing sentences into complete and incomplete[1].This conclusion largely depended on the fact that the definition of incompleteness for a long time was based not on structural-grammatical, but on semantic features. So A.N.Nazarov believed that semantic incompleteness allows defining incomplete sentences and their criteria. Since these conclusions were made, the issue of incomplete sentences and many other problems related to it were investigated thoroughly. Nevertheless, many questions of the theory of incomplete sentences still remain unresolved, their structure and peculiarities, also the relationship between various linguistic factors have not been completely clarified.   

The Satisfaction-Loyalty Relationship in Marketing: A Critical Review and Future Research

2016 ◽  
pp. 92-116
Author(s):  
Tuu Ho Huy ◽  
Olsen Svein Ottar
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Functional Forms ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

The purpose of this study is to critically review and to recommend future research for the satisfaction-loyalty relationship (SLR) in marketing. The paper is based on over 75 papers published by top peer reviewed journals in marketing throughout the world over the past three decades. The results show that the SLR is suggested to be positive. However, this relationship could be linear or nonlinear depending on the nature, the different approaches of measure and definition of satisfaction and loyalty. Moreover, the relationship is affected by many moderators, mediators and other variables. Future research should extend to test other antecedents besides satisfaction and to use different definitional approaches of satisfaction and loyalty to explain loyalty. Different functional forms of the SLR, moderators and mediators are also recommended to test in a separate or combined approach to shed light on the complex nature of this relationship.

A Case Study of the Selection/Censorship Problem and the Educational Value of Literature

1988 ◽  
Vol 170 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanne Bogdan
Keyword(s):  
Women's Literature ◽  
Feminist Criticism ◽  
Educational Value ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ideological Identity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

This paper is a case study of a graduate class in women's literature and feminist criticism, in which student rebellion against one of the works to be studied appeared to be an instance of censorship. Proceeding from a definition of censorship as agnosis or resistance to knowing, the author defends the legitimacy of the students' refusal to read or to know within the context of their emergent ideological identity. The paper raises questions about the relationship between censorship and selection of literature texts, the literary versus the stock response, and humanist assumptions underlying the educational value of literature.

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