scholarly journals How do places of origin influence access to mobility in the global age? An analysis of the influence of vulnerability and structural constraints on Senegalese translocal livelihood strategies

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Schöfberger
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Economic Vulnerability ◽  
Global Age ◽  
The Way

Abstract. Literature has often underlined the relevance of mobility for modern lifestyles. However, it has frequently overlooked that mobility has long been the rule in Senegal. There, mobility has allowed households to cope with environmental and economic vulnerability. Over the last decades, households have extended their traditional mobility through internal and international migration. This paper investigates how place-related vulnerability and structural constraints influence the way Senegalese households construct translocal spaces and livelihood strategies in the global age. For this purpose, a multi-sited ethnographic study has been conducted at four villages in Senegal and at two immigration destinations in Italy and Spain. The empirical results show that vulnerability and structural constraints in the home place do not prevent households from adopting strategies based on mobility, but rather influence the composition of translocal spaces, the ability to move between places, and the construction of translocal livelihood strategies.

Becoming Politicized

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Barkas ◽  
Xenia Chryssochoou
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Political Socialization ◽  
Greek Society ◽  
Economic Vulnerability ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Identity Model ◽  
Beliefs About The Future ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
The Way

Abstract. This research took place just after the end of the protests following the killing of a 16-year-old boy by a policeman in Greece in December 2008. Participants (N = 224) were 16-year-olds in different schools in Attiki. Informed by the Politicized Collective Identity Model ( Simon & Klandermans, 2001 ), a questionnaire measuring grievances, adversarial attributions, emotions, vulnerability, identifications with students and activists, and questions about justice and Greek society in the future, as well as about youngsters’ participation in different actions, was completed. Four profiles of the participants emerged from a cluster analysis using representations of the conflict, emotions, and identifications with activists and students. These profiles differed on beliefs about the future of Greece, participants’ economic vulnerability, and forms of participation. Importantly, the clusters corresponded to students from schools of different socioeconomic areas. The results indicate that the way young people interpret the events and the context, their levels of identification, and the way they represent society are important factors of their political socialization that impacts on their forms of participation. Political socialization seems to be related to youngsters’ position in society which probably constitutes an important anchoring point of their interpretation of the world.

An intersectional theoretical framework for exploring racialized older immigrant women’s subjectivities

2021 ◽  
pp. 146801732110084
Author(s):  
Manaal Syed
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Skilled Immigration ◽  
Women's Lives

Summary Today, racialized older women’s international migration is increasingly accelerated, cyclical and transnational, illustrating the transcendence of lives across time and space. At the same time, immigration regimes regulate and restrict these seemingly unfettered mobilities using neoliberal, gendered and ageist policies that favor (younger) skilled immigration. This article addresses the question of how social work can use intersectionality perspectives to theorize racialized older immigrant women’s lives which are stretched across multiple time(s) and space(s) yet confined within highly regulated multi-tiered immigration systems. Findings This article outlines a theoretical framework grounded specifically within intersectional feminist, post-structural, and transnational aging perspectives. The framework embraces the temporality, spatiality, and transnationality of gendered, aging and migrant lives and reconsiders their agency as a performed subjectivity bound by multiple forces of institutionalized regimes. Applications This theoretical framework moves social work inquiry to a richer understanding of the migratory realities of diverse aging lives that are simultaneously in-motion and regulated within structural constraints.

scholarly journals The Problem of Coordination and the Pursuit of Structural Constraints in Psychology

2021 ◽  
pp. 174569162097477
Author(s):  
David Kellen ◽  
Clintin P. Davis-Stober ◽  
John C. Dunn ◽  
Michael L. Kalish
Keyword(s):  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Theoretical Progress ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
Empirical Means ◽  
The Way

Paul Meehl’s famous critique detailed many of the problematic practices and conceptual confusions that stand in the way of meaningful theoretical progress in psychological science. By integrating many of Meehl’s points, we argue that one of the reasons for the slow progress in psychology is the failure to acknowledge the problem of coordination. This problem arises whenever we attempt to measure quantities that are not directly observable but can be inferred from observable variables. The solution to this problem is far from trivial, as demonstrated by a historical analysis of thermometry. The key challenge is the specification of a functional relationship between theoretical concepts and observations. As we demonstrate, empirical means alone cannot determine this relationship. In the case of psychology, the problem of coordination has dramatic implications in the sense that it severely constrains our ability to make meaningful theoretical claims. We discuss several examples and outline some of the solutions that are currently available.

Bonee and Fitina

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-258
Author(s):  
Adamou Amadou
Keyword(s):  
Central African Republic ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Nomadic Pastoralists ◽  
The Way

Mbororo nomadic pastoralists have fled the Central African Republic (CAR) since 2003 because of atrocities perpetrated against them. Conflict has, in fact, always been a major motor behind nomadism for the Mbororo, along with the quest for pasture. The “normal” severity of Mbororo life, however, has been compounded by the “exceptional” severity caused by the situation in the CAR. This article analyzes the way in which the Mbororo distinguish between the two types of severity, and how these different forms of experienced hardship are accommodated in the pastoralists’ way of life. I show how historical trajectories with conflict and nomadic hardship allow refugee Mbororo to adjust to recurrent hardship by adapting their pathways and livelihood strategies. This illustrates the way in which duress is central in nomadic society.

scholarly journals The Problem of Coordination and the Pursuit of Structural Constraints in Psychology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kellen ◽  
Clintin Davis-Stober ◽  
John C Dunn ◽  
Michael Kalish
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Available P ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Theoretical Progress ◽  
Functional Relations ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
Empirical Means ◽  
The Way

Paul Meehl’s famous critique laid out in detail many of the pathological practices and conceptual confusions that stand in the way of meaningful theoretical progress inpsychological science. Integrating some of Meehl’s points, we argue that one of the reasons for the slow progress in psychology is the failure to acknowledge the problem of coordination. This problem arises whenever we attempt to measure quantities that are not directly observable, but can be inferred from observable variables. The solution to this problem is far from trivial, as demonstrated by a historical analysis of thermometry. Also, it is not a problem that can be solved by empirical means. At its center is the need for a clear understanding of the functional relations between theoretical concepts and observations. In the case of psychology, the problem of coordination has dramatic implications in the sense that it severely limits our ability to make meaningful theoretical claims. We discuss several examples and lay out some of the solutions that are currently available.

Ambivalent Relationships: The Portuguese State and the Indian Nationals in Mozambique in the Aftermath of the Goa Crisis, 1961–1971

Itinerario ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-139
Author(s):  
Susana Trovão ◽  
Sandra Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
Internment Camps ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Economic Vulnerability ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
The Way

AbstractGrounded in written historical records and oral sources, this exploratory article addresses the Portuguese policy that targeted Indian nationals settled in Mozambique in the aftermath of the liberation/occupation of Portuguese India in December 1961. It equally tackles the views, concerns, and responses developed by Indian nationals to cope with their confinement in internment camps, frozen assets, seizures and liquidation, and deportation. The analysis evinces the inbuilt ambivalence in the way Portuguese colonial authorities constructed the internment of Indian nationals as humanitarian and protective measures, while displaying their dispossession and repatriation as harsh retaliatory political measures, at odds with the purported political and legal principles of colonial governance based on Portuguese Luso-tropical exceptionalism. The differentiated impact of such political measures, far from being univocal and uncompromising, is discussed as marred by innumerable contradictions resulting from the Portuguese economic vulnerability and dependence on Indian subaltern elites in Mozambique. Furthermore, the article presents a particular analytical sensitivity to the ambivalence surrounding the modes in which men and women of Indian origin related to Portuguese colonial power and responded to its governance.

The Causes of International Labor Migrations — A Demand-Determined Approach

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Straubhaar
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Immigration Control ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Labor Migrations ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Migration Flows

The empirical results for the causes of the migration flows from Italy, Spain, Greece, Portugal and Turkey to the EC-destination countries show that determinants which are used to explain migration flows inside a given country can be applied to the migration flows within a Common Market, but not to international migration flows. International migration flows are demand-determined by the existence of restrictive immigration control systems. The demand for immigrants in the destination country is the decisive condition for the phenomenon of international labor migration, and the supply of migration-willing workers is only a necessary condition.

scholarly journals Under the bridge in Tehran: Addiction, Poverty and Capital

Ethnography ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maziyar Ghiabi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
The State ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

The article provides an ethnographic study of the lives of the ‘dangerous class’ of drug users based on fieldwork carried out among different drug using ‘communities’ in Tehran between 2012 and 2016. The primary objective is to articulate the presence of this category within modern Iran, its uses and its abuses in relation to the political. What drives the narration is not only the account of this lumpen, plebeian group vis à vis the state, but also the way power has affected their agency, their capacity to be present in the city, and how capital/power and the dangerous/lumpen life come to terms, to conflict, and to the production of new situations which affect urban life.

The Sonic Surrounds of an Elementary School

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chee-Hoo Lum ◽  
Patricia Shehan Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Private Spaces ◽  
And Function ◽  
Social Signaling ◽  
The Way

In this ethnographic study, we examined the musicking behaviors of schoolchildren at one American elementary school. The aim was to gain an understanding of the nature and context of rhythmic and melodic expressions made and heard by children, emanating from other children, as well as adults within the school environment. Time, place, and function figured as contextual considerations in the investigation of the sonic surrounds of the school; knowing when, where, and why the music occurred added meaningful dimensions to the description of children's soundscapes. The open-ended sociability of music and its pervasiveness at play and in learning were reminders of music's role in serving human functions, finding its way into private spaces, and webbing within social interactions. Also intriguing were the variety of forms of children's expressions, ranging from rhythmic play and melodic utterances to familiar songs and their parodies, and the way teachers used music for social signaling and facilitating learning.

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