scholarly journals Model-driven optimization of coastal sea observatories through data assimilation in a finite element hydrodynamic model (SHYFEM v.7_5_65)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Ferrarin ◽  
Marco Bajo ◽  
Georg Umgiesser
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Lagoon Of Venice ◽  
Square Root Filter

Abstract. Monitoring networks aims at capturing the spatial and temporal variability of one or several environmental variables in a specific environment. The optimal placement of sensors in an ocean or coastal observatory should maximize the amount of collected information and minimize the development and operational costs for the whole monitoring network. In this study, the problem of the design and optimization of ocean monitoring networks is tackled throughout the implementation of data assimilation techniques in the Shallow water Hydrodynamic Finite Element Model (SHYFEM). Two data assimilation methods – Nudging and Ensemble Square Root Filter – have been applied and tested in the Lagoon of Venice (Italy), where an extensive water level monitoring network exists. A total of 29 tide gauge stations were available and the assimilation of the observations result in an improvement of the performance of the SHYFEM model that went from an initial root mean square error (RMSE) on the water level of 5.8 cm to a final value of about 2.1 and 3.2 cm for the two data assimilation methods, respectively. In the monitoring network optimization procedure, by excluding just one tide gauge at a time, and always the station that contributes less to the improvement of the RMSE, a minimum number of tide gauges can be found that still allow for a successful description of the water level variability. Both data assimilation methods allow identifying the number of stations and their distribution that correctly represent the state variable in the investigated system. However, the more advanced Ensemble Square Root Filter has the benefit of keeping a physically and mass conservative solution of the governing equations, which results in a better reproduction of the hydrodynamics over the whole system. In the case of the Lagoon of Venice, we found that, with the help of a process-based and observation-driven numerical model, two-thirds of the monitoring network can be dismissed. In this way, if some of the stations must be decommissioned due to a lack of funding, an a-priori choice can be made, and the importance of the single monitoring site can be evaluated. The developed procedure may also be applied to the continuous monitoring of other ocean variables, like sea temperature and salinity.

scholarly journals Model-driven optimization of coastal sea observatories through data assimilation in a finite element hydrodynamic model (SHYFEM v. 7_5_65)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 645-659
Author(s):  
Christian Ferrarin ◽  
Marco Bajo ◽  
Georg Umgiesser
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Lagoon Of Venice ◽  
Square Root Filter

Abstract. Monitoring networks aims at capturing the spatial and temporal variability of one or several environmental variables in a specific environment. The optimal placement of sensors in an ocean or coastal observatory should maximize the amount of collected information and minimize the development and operational costs for the whole monitoring network. In this study, the problem of the design and optimization of ocean monitoring networks is tackled throughout the implementation of data assimilation techniques in the Shallow water HYdrodynamic Finite Element Model (SHYFEM). Two data assimilation methods – nudging and ensemble square root filter – have been applied and tested in the Lagoon of Venice (Italy), where an extensive water level monitoring network exists. A total of 29 tide gauge stations were available, and the assimilation of the observations results in an improvement of the performance of the SHYFEM model, which went from an initial root mean square error (RMSE) on the water level of 5.8 cm to a final value of about 2.1 and 3.2 cm for each of the two data assimilation methods. In the monitoring network optimization procedure, by excluding just one tide gauge at a time and always the station that contributes less to the improvement of the RMSE, a minimum number of tide gauges can be found that still allow for a successful description of the water level variability. Both data assimilation methods allow identifying the number of stations and their distribution that correctly represent the state variable in the investigated system. However, the more advanced ensemble square root filter has the benefit of keeping a physically and mass-conservative solution of the governing equations, which results in a better reproduction of the hydrodynamics over the whole system. In the case of the Lagoon of Venice, we found that, with the help of a process-based and observation-driven numerical model, two-thirds of the monitoring network can be dismissed. In this way, if some of the stations must be decommissioned due to a lack of funding, an a priori choice can be made, and the importance of a single monitoring site can be evaluated. The developed procedure may also be applied to the continuous monitoring of other ocean variables, like sea temperature and salinity.

scholarly journals An Ensemble Square Root Filter for the joint assimilation of surface soil moiture and leaf area index within LDAS-Monde: application over the Euro-Mediterranean region

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrand Bonan ◽  
Clément Albergel ◽  
Yongjun Zheng ◽  
Alina Lavinia Barbu ◽  
David Fairbairn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Square Root Filter

Abstract. This paper introduces an Ensemble Square Root Filter (EnSRF), a deterministic Ensemble Kalman Filter, to the context of assimilating jointly observations of surface soil moisture (SSM) and leaf area index (LAI) in the Land Data Assimilation System LDAS-Monde. By ingesting those satellite-derived products, LDAS-Monde constrains the Interaction between Soil, Biosphere and Atmosphere (ISBA) land surface model (LSM), coupled with the CNRM (Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques) version of the Total Runoff Integrating Pathways (CTRIP), to improve the reanalysis of land surface variables (LSVs). To evaluate its ability to produce improved LSVs reanalyses, the EnSRF is compared with the Simplified Extended Kalman, which has been routinely operated in LDAS-Monde, in a real case over the well-studied Euro-Mediterranean region at a 0.25° spatial resolution between 2008 and 2017. Both data assimilation approaches provide a positive impact on SSM and LAI estimates with respect to the model alone, putting them closer to assimilated observations. SEKF and EnSRF have a similar behaviour for LAI showing performances that are influenced by the vegetation type. For SSM, EnSRF estimates tend to be closer to observations than SEKF. The impact of assimilating SSM and LAI is also assessed on unobserved soil moisture in the other layers of soil. Unobserved control variables are updated in the EnSRF through covariances and correlations sampled from the ensemble linking them to observed control variables. In our context, a strong correlation between SSM and soil moisture in deeper soil layers is exhibited, as expected, showing seasonal patterns that vary geographically. Moderate correlation and anti-correlations are also noticed between LAI and soil moisture in spring, summer and autumn, their absolute value tending to be larger for soil moisture in root-zone areas, showing that assimilating LAI can have an influence on soil moisture. Finally an independent evaluation of both assimilation approaches is conducted using satellite estimates of evapotranspiration and gross primary production (GPP) as well as measures of river discharges from gauging stations. The EnSRF shows a systematic albeit moderate improvement for evapotranspiration and GPP and a highly positive impact on river discharges, while the SEKF exhibits a more contrasting performance.

Geochemical continuous signals in seismic areas: the case of the Mugello Basin, Central Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Pierotti ◽  
Enrica Droghieri ◽  
Gianluca Facca ◽  
Fabrizio Gherardi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Ground Acceleration

<p>The Mugello basin (Tuscany, Italy) is one of the areas with the highest seismic risk of Tuscany, having been subjected in the past to earthquakes up to Mw 6.38 (Rovida et al., 2020). As detailed in the seismic risk map of Italy, this region is characterized by a quite high value of the Peak Ground Acceleration index (PGA> 0.175, Stucchi et al., 2011). As a part of a seismic prevention/prediction program of the Regional Government of Tuscany, the Mugello basin was chosen, ten years ago, as a monitoring site for possible hydrogeochemical precursors of seismic activity. For this purpose, the IGG-CNR of Pisa has realized an automatic continuous monitoring station, equipped with sensors for the concurrent measurement of temperature, pH, redox potential, electrical conductivity, CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> dissolved concentration (Cioni et al., 2007). According to literature guidelines (e.g. Martinelli and Albarello, 1997), after a preliminary hydrogeochemical screening carried out on 2011, the automatic surveying station was placed in correspondence of the Postignana spring. This spring is located at an altitude of 476 m a.s.l., in correspondence to a major extensional structure, the Ronta fault system (Sani et al., 2009), held responsible for the Mw = 6.8 destructive earthquake of June 29<sup>th</sup>, 1919. With a stable temperature of 13°C and a permanent outflow of a few liters/minute (with reduced seasonal oscillations), the Postignana spring discharges low salinity waters (600 mg/l). Here we present the anomalous variations in the dissolved content of CO<sub>2</sub> and electrical conductivity recorded by the automatic station, before the Mw 4.5 Mugello earthquake occurred on December 9<sup>th</sup>, 2019.</p><p> </p><p>Cioni, R., Guidi, M., Pierotti, L., Scozzari, A., 2007. An automatic monitoring network installed in Tuscany (Italy) for studying possible geochemical precursory phenomena. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 7, 405–416.</p><p>Martinelli, G., Albarello, D., 1997. Main constraints for siting monitoring networks devoted to the study of earthquake related phenomena in Italy. Ann. Geophys. 40, 1505–1522.</p><p>Rovida A., Locati M., Camassi R., Lolli B., Gasperini P. (2020). The Italian earthquake catalogue CPTI15. Bull Earthq Eng, 18, 652 2953-2984. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-020-00818-y</p><p>Sani, F., Bonini, M., Piccardi, L., Vannucci, G., Delle Donne, D., Benvenuti, M., ... & Tanini, C. (2009). Late Pliocene–Quaternary evolution of outermost hinterland basins of the Northern Apennines (Italy), and their relevance to active tectonics. Tectonophysics, 476(1-2), 336-356.</p><p>Stucchi M., Meletti C., Montaldo V., Crowley H., Calvi G.M., Boschi E. Seismic Hazard Assessment (2003-2009) for the 686 Italian Building Code. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2011, 101, 1885-1911.</p>

A Hybrid MPI–OpenMP Parallel Algorithm and Performance Analysis for an Ensemble Square Root Filter Designed for Multiscale Observations

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1382-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunheng Wang ◽  
Youngsun Jung ◽  
Timothy A. Supinie ◽  
Ming Xue
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Domain Decomposition ◽  
Parallel Algorithm ◽  
Shared Memory ◽  
Message Passing ◽  
Message Passing Interface ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Square Root Filter

Abstract A hybrid parallel scheme for the ensemble square root filter (EnSRF) suitable for parallel assimilation of multiscale observations, including those from dense observational networks such as those of radar, is developed based on the domain decomposition strategy. The scheme handles internode communication through a message passing interface (MPI) and the communication within shared-memory nodes via Open Multiprocessing (OpenMP) threads. It also supports pure MPI and pure OpenMP modes. The parallel framework can accommodate high-volume remote-sensed radar (or satellite) observations as well as conventional observations that usually have larger covariance localization radii. The performance of the parallel algorithm has been tested with simulated and real radar data. The parallel program shows good scalability in pure MPI and hybrid MPI–OpenMP modes, while pure OpenMP runs exhibit limited scalability on a symmetric shared-memory system. It is found that in MPI mode, better parallel performance is achieved with domain decomposition configurations in which the leading dimension of the state variable arrays is larger, because this configuration allows for more efficient memory access. Given a fixed amount of computing resources, the hybrid parallel mode is preferred to pure MPI mode on supercomputers with nodes containing shared-memory cores. The overall performance is also affected by factors such as the cache size, memory bandwidth, and the networking topology. Tests with a real data case with a large number of radars confirm that the parallel data assimilation can be done on a multicore supercomputer with a significant speedup compared to the serial data assimilation algorithm.

scholarly journals An iterative ensemble square root filter and tests with simulated radar data for storm-scale data assimilation

2013 ◽  
Vol 139 (676) ◽  
pp. 1888-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizhang Wang ◽  
Ming Xue ◽  
Alexander D. Schenkman ◽  
Jinzhong Min
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Scale Data ◽  
Square Root Filter

scholarly journals THE REDUCED RANK TRANSFORM SQUARE ROOT FILTER FOR DATA ASSIMILATION

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1252-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gillijns ◽  
D.S. Bernstein ◽  
B. De Moor
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Reduced Rank ◽  
Rank Transform ◽  
Square Root Filter

Using machine learning techniques to generate analog ensembles for data assimilation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Yang ◽  
Ian Grooms
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Generative Models ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Optimal Interpolation ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lorenz 96 ◽  
Square Root Filter

<p>We propose to use analogs of the forecast mean to generate an ensemble of perturbations for use in ensemble optimal interpolation (EnOI) or ensemble variational (EnVar) methods.  In addition to finding analogs from a library, we propose a new method of constructing analogs using autoencoders (a machine learning method).  To extend the scalability of constructed analogs for use in data assimilation on geophysical models, we propose using patching schemes to divide the global spatial domain into digestable chunks.  Using patches makes training the generative models possible and has the added benefit of being able to exploit parallel computing powers.  The resulting analog methods using analogs from a catalog (AnEnOI), constructed analogs (cAnEnOI), and patched constructed analogs (p-cAnEnOI) are tested in the context of a multiscale Lorenz-`96 model, with standard EnOI and an ensemble square root filter for comparison.  The use of analogs from a modestly-sized catalog is shown to improve the performance of EnOI, with limited marginal improvements resulting from increases in the catalog size.  The method using constructed analogs is found to perform as well as a full ensemble square root filter, and to be robust over a wide range of tuning parameters.  Lastly, we find that p-cAnENOI with larger patches produces the best data assimilation performance despite having larger reconstruction errors.  All patch variants except for the variant that uses the smallest patch size outperform cAnEnOI as well as some traditional data assimilation methods such as the ensemble square root filter.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of VORTEX2 Observations on Analyses and Forecasts of the 5 June 2009 Goshen County, Wyoming, Supercell

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 429-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Supinie ◽  
Youngsun Jung ◽  
Ming Xue ◽  
David J. Stensrud ◽  
Michael M. French ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Weather Radar ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Low Level ◽  
X Band ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Square Root Filter

Abstract Several data assimilation and forecast experiments are undertaken to determine the impact of special observations taken during the second Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2) on forecasts of the 5 June 2009 Goshen County, Wyoming, supercell. The data used in these experiments are those from the Mobile Weather Radar, 2005 X-band, Phased Array (MWR-05XP); two mobile mesonets (MM); and several mobile sounding units. Data sources are divided into “routine,” including those from operational Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Dopplers (WSR-88Ds) and the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) network, and “special” observations from the VORTEX2 project. VORTEX2 data sources are denied individually from a total of six ensemble square root filter (EnSRF) data assimilation and forecasting experiments. The EnSRF data assimilation uses 40 ensemble members on a 1-km grid nested inside a 3-km grid. Each experiment assimilates data every 5 min for 1 h, followed by a 1-h forecast. All experiments are able to reproduce the basic evolution of the supercell, though the impact of the VORTEX2 observations was mixed. The VORTEX2 sounding data decreased the mesocyclone intensity in the latter stages of the forecast, consistent with observations. The MWR-05XP data increased the forecast vorticity above approximately 1 km AGL in all experiments and had little impact on forecast vorticity below 1 km AGL. The MM data had negative impacts on the intensity of the low-level mesocyclone, by decreasing the vertical vorticity and indirectly by decreasing the buoyancy of the inflow.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document