scholarly journals A complete view of the atmospheric hydrologic cycle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipanjan Dey ◽  
Aitor Aldama Campino ◽  
Kristofer Döös
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Storm Tracks ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Atmospheric Water ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
North Asia

Abstract. The global atmospheric water transport from the evaporation to the precipitation regions has been traced using Lagrangian trajectories. A matrix has been constructed by selecting various group of trajectories based on their surface starting(evaporation) and ending (precipitation) positions to show the connectivity of the atmospheric water transport within and between the three major ocean basins and the global landmass. The analysis reveals that a major portion of the evaporated water precipitates back into the same region, namely 67 % for the Indian, 64 % for the Atlantic, 85 % for the Pacific Ocean and 72 % for the global landmass. The evaporation from the subtropical regions of the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans is found to be the primary source of atmospheric water for precipitation over the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the corresponding basins. The evaporated waters from the subtropical and western Indian Ocean were traced as the source for precipitation over the South Asian and Eastern African landmass, while Atlantic Ocean waters are responsible for rainfall over North Asia and Western Africa. Atlantic storm tracks were identified as the carrier of atmospheric water that precipitates over Europe, while the Pacific storm tracks were responsible for North American, eastern Asian and Australian precipitation. The bulk of South and Central American precipitation is found to have its source in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. The recycling of evapotranspirated water from land is pronounced over the western coast of South America, Northeastern Asia, Canada and Greenland. The ocean-to-land and land-to-ocean water transport through the atmosphere was computed to be 2 × 109 kg/s and 1 × 109 kg/s, respectively. The difference between them (net ocean-to-land transport), i.e. 1 × 109 kg/s, is transported to land. This net transport is approximately the same as found in previous Eulerian estimates.

scholarly journals Research Gap Analysis of Remote Sensing Application in Fisheries: Prospects for Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1013
Author(s):  
Kuo-Wei Yen ◽  
Chia-Hsiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Research Hotspots

Remote sensing (RS) technology, which can facilitate the sustainable management and development of fisheries, is easily accessible and exhibits high performance. It only requires the collection of sufficient information, establishment of databases and input of human and capital resources for analysis. However, many countries are unable to effectively ensure the sustainable development of marine fisheries due to technological limitations. The main challenge is the gap in the conditions for sustainable development between developed and developing countries. Therefore, this study applied the Web of Science database and geographic information systems to analyze the gaps in fisheries science in various countries over the past 10 years. Most studies have been conducted in the offshore marine areas of the northeastern United States of America. In addition, all research hotspots were located in the Northern Hemisphere, indicating a lack of relevant studies from the Southern Hemisphere. This study also found that research hotspots of satellite RS applications in fisheries were mainly conducted in (1) the northeastern sea area in the United States, (2) the high seas area of the North Atlantic Ocean, (3) the surrounding sea areas of France, Spain and Portugal, (4) the surrounding areas of the Indian Ocean and (5) the East China Sea, Yellow Sea and Bohai Bay sea areas to the north of Taiwan. A comparison of publications examining the three major oceans indicated that the Atlantic Ocean was the most extensively studied in terms of RS applications in fisheries, followed by the Indian Ocean, while the Pacific Ocean was less studied than the aforementioned two regions. In addition, all research hotspots were located in the Northern Hemisphere, indicating a lack of relevant studies from the Southern Hemisphere. The Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean have been the subjects of many local in-depth studies; in the Pacific Ocean, the coastal areas have been abundantly investigated, while offshore local areas have only been sporadically addressed. Collaboration and partnership constitute an efficient approach for transferring skills and technology across countries. For the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) by 2030, research networks can be expanded to mitigate the research gaps and improve the sustainability of marine fisheries resources.

scholarly journals Janus Membrane with Novel Directional Water Transport Capacity for Efficient Atmospheric Water Capture

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wu ◽  
Baona Ren ◽  
Haohong Pi ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Miaomiao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Transport Capacity ◽  
Atmospheric Water ◽  
Human Survival ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Energy Independence

Fresh water scarcity becomes a crisis to human survival and development. Atmospheric water capture with remarkable advantages such as energy-independence, low-cost, etc., has been supposed as a promising way to...

scholarly journals Analysis of Intense Poleward Water Vapor Transports into High Latitudes of Western North America

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1732-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Roberge ◽  
John R. Gyakum ◽  
Eyad H. Atallah
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
North America ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Subtropical Oceans ◽  
Pineapple Express

Abstract Significant cool season precipitation along the western coast of North America is often associated with intense water vapor transport (IWVT) from the Pacific Ocean during favorable synoptic-scale flow regimes. These relatively narrow and intense regions of water vapor transport can originate in either the tropical or subtropical oceans, and sometimes have been referred to as Pineapple Express events in previous literature when originating near Hawaii. However, the focus of this paper will be on diagnosing the synoptic-scale signatures of all significant water vapor transport events associated with poleward moisture transport impacting the western coast of Canada, regardless of the exact points of origin of the associated atmospheric river. A trajectory analysis is used to partition the events as a means of creating coherent and meaningful synoptic-scale composites. The results indicate that these IWVT events can be clustered by the general area of origin of the majority of the saturated parcels impacting British Columbia and the Yukon Territories. IWVT events associated with more zonal trajectories are characterized by a strong and mature Aleutian low, whereas IWVT events associated with more meridional trajectories are often characterized by an anticyclone situated along the California or Oregon coastline, and a relatively mature poleward-traveling cyclone, commonly originating in the central North Pacific.

Taxonomy of the genus Thyonella (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida), with mention of the first record of T. sabanillaensis from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4527 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
LUCIANA MARTINS
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
First Record ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Southwestern Atlantic ◽  
Internal Morphology ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Southwestern Atlantic Ocean ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

The genus Thyonella currently comprises four species which occur in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Thyonella mexicana is the only species known to occur in the Pacific Ocean. The main morphological characters used to distinguish Thyonella species are their dermal ossicles. Since the differences among these characters are subtle, this contribution provides a detailed description and comparison of the ossicle assemblage of the concerned taxa. In addition, description of the internal morphology of three of the concerned species is also provided. Further, this study reports on the first record of Thyonella sabanillaensis for the Southwestern Atlantic. A worldwide revision of the distributional records of Thyonella species is presented and their taxonomy is discussed, concluding that some traditional taxonomic characters should be used cautiously. A brief discussion about the importance of SEM analysis is also provided. 

scholarly journals Central role of nitric oxide in ozone production in the upper tropical troposphere over the Atlantic Ocean and western Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 8195-8211
Author(s):  
Ivan Tadic ◽  
Clara M. Nussbaumer ◽  
Birger Bohn ◽  
Hartwig Harder ◽  
Daniel Marno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Tropical Troposphere

Abstract. Mechanisms of tropospheric ozone (O3) formation are generally well understood. However, studies reporting on net ozone production rates (NOPRs) directly derived from in situ observations are challenging and are sparse in number. To analyze the role of nitric oxide (NO) in net ozone production in the upper tropical troposphere above the Atlantic Ocean and western Africa, we present in situ trace gas observations obtained during the CAFE-Africa (Chemistry of the Atmosphere: Field Experiment in Africa) campaign in August and September 2018. The vertical profile of in situ measured NO along the flight tracks reveals lowest NO mixing ratios of less than 20 pptv between 2 and 8 km altitude and highest mixing ratios of 0.15–0.2 ppbv above 12 km altitude. Spatial distribution of tropospheric NO above 12 km altitude shows that the sporadically enhanced local mixing ratios (>0.4 ppbv) occur over western Africa, which we attribute to episodic lightning events. Measured O3 shows little variability in mixing ratios at 60–70 ppbv, with slightly decreasing and increasing tendencies towards the boundary layer and stratosphere, respectively. Concurrent measurements of CO, CH4, OH, HO2 and H2O enable calculations of NOPRs along the flight tracks and reveal net ozone destruction at −0.6 to −0.2 ppbv h−1 below 6 km altitude and balance of production and destruction around 7–8 km altitude. We report vertical average NOPRs of 0.2–0.4 ppbv h−1 above 12 km altitude with NOPRs occasionally larger than 0.5 ppbv h−1 over western Africa coincident with enhanced NO. We compare the observational results to simulated data retrieved from the general circulation model ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC). Although the comparison of mean vertical profiles of NO and O3 indicates good agreement, local deviations between measured and modeled NO are substantial. The vertical tendencies in NOPRs calculated from simulated data largely reproduce those from in situ experimental data. However, the simulation results do not agree well with NOPRs over western Africa. Both measurements and simulations indicate that ozone formation in the upper tropical troposphere is NOx limited.

scholarly journals New records of benthic marine algae from Morocco (eastern Atlantic Ocean): morphology, taxonomy and distribution

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Mustapha Hassoun ◽  
Hanaa Moussa ◽  
Ghizlane Salhi ◽  
Hanaa Zbakh ◽  
Hassane Riadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
New Record ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Records ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Eastern Atlantic Ocean ◽  
First Time

AbstractWe report new records and corological data for three Moroccan marine macroalgae that complete their distribution information. Radicilingua thysanorhizans is new record for Morocco; Champia compressa is recorded for the first time from the eastern coast of the Atlantic Ocean. Diplothamnion jolyi is widely distributed in the western coast of the Atlantic coast and Pacific Islands, and recently reported from the Mediterranean Sea; this new record from Moroccan Atlantic coast extends their distribution range.Key words: Algae, Atlantic Ocean, Champia compressa, Diplothamnion jolyi, Radicilingua thysanorhizans.ResumenSe aportan nuevos registros y datos corológicos para tres macroalgas marinas de Marruecos, que completan la información sobre su distribución. Radicilingua thysanorhizans es cita nueva para Marruecos. Champia compressa se registra por la primera vez en la costa oriental del Océano Atlántico. Diplothamnion jolyi se distribuye ampliamente en la costa occidental de la costa atlántica y las islas del Pacífico y ha sido recientemente citada en el mar Mediterráneo; esta nueva cita para costa Atlántica Marroquí amplia su rango de distribución.Palabras clave: Algae, Océano Atlántico, Champia compressa, Diplothamnion jolyi, Radicilingua thysanorhizans.

AGE AND GROWTH OF THE BLUE SHARK PRIONACE GLAUCA IN THE EASTERN ATLANTIC OCEAN

KSTU News ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
Beraki Weldegiorgish Teklekhaimanot ◽  
Sergey Vadimovich Shibaev ◽  
Sergey Yurievich Gulyugin
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Growth Band ◽  
Prionace Glauca ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Eastern Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
Central Atlantic

In this study, 292 blue sharks Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758) (from 151 to 305 cm total length, TL) were collected off western Africa in the eastern central Atlantic Ocean between 1980 and 1982. Vertebral sections of females specimens ranged from 175 to 300 cm and males specimens ranged from 166 to 312 cm TL were processed and analyzed for age and growth parameters. Growth band pairs (translucent and opaque bands) were counted on the images photographed from the stained whole vertebrae using digital microscope called Digi Scope II. The band pairs after the birthmark were counted from 3 to 12 for males and from 4 to 13 for females. Growth parameters were derived using the Von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) based on FISAT and solver solution Microsoft excel and Ford Wall-Ford. VBGF was that which best fit the data. Parameters derived from the combination of observed and back-calculated lengths, K = 0.1, L_∞ = 386.4 cm and t_0 = −1.35 year for males and K = 0.12 year -1, L_∞= 355 cm and t_0 = –1.02 year for females were considered to best describe growth. The longevity was estimated to be at least 23.7 and 28.3 years for females and males respectively. The natural mortality rate was estimated to be 0.15 year - 1 and 0.18 year -1 for males and females respectively.

1755, Lisbon

Tsunami ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
James Goff ◽  
Walter Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The City

Most Europeans do not worry about tsunami waves as much as those who live around the rim of the Pacific Ocean, but they should. On All Saint’s Day, 1755, a huge earthquake struck Lisbon, Portugal, causing most stone buildings to collapse, including churches, monasteries, nunneries, and chapels, trapping the faithful inside the ruins, which votive candles quickly turned into burning pyres. Voltaire would write, “The sole consolation is that the Jesuit Inquisitors of Lisbon will have disappeared.” To add to the irony, among the few buildings safely left standing following the disaster were the lightly constructed wooden bordellos of the city. Most of Lisbon’s prostitutes but few of her nuns survived. Tsunami waves would not only kill thousands around Lisbon’s harbor but also travel south to Spain and North Africa, north to Ireland and Wales, and across the Atlantic Ocean to the Caribbean, flooding the streets of Barbados.

4. The enemy within

2014 ◽  
pp. 64-87
Author(s):  
Bill McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Active Fault ◽  
Industrial Cities ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Earthquake Zone ◽  
Eruption Magnitude

‘The Enemy Within’ begins with volcanic super-eruptions and their devastating consequences such as the 1815 eruption of volcano Tambora in Indonesia, and ancient eruptions in Yellowstone, USA, and Toba, northern Sumatra. Volcanic explositivity index, eruption magnitude, and eruption intensity are explained. Volcanic landslides in Hawaii and the Canary Islands will, in the future, result in giant tsunamis wreaking havoc around the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean rims. But when will they happen? Finally, the fate of industrial cities, such as Tokyo, located near active fault-lines and in earthquake zone, and the resultant effects on the world economy are considered.

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