scholarly journals The early history of the Jicamarca Radio Observatory and the incoherent scatter technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-266
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Woodman ◽  
Donald T. Farley ◽  
Ben B. Balsley ◽  
Marco A. Milla
Keyword(s):  
Time Frame ◽  
Equatorial Ionosphere ◽  
Early History ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Research Facility ◽  
Radio Observatory ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Incoherent Scatter ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

Abstract. The purpose of these historical notes is to present the early history of the Jicamarca Radio Observatory (JRO), a research facility that has been conducting observations and studies of the equatorial ionosphere for more than 50 years. We have limited the scope of these notes to the period of the construction of the observatory and roughly the first decade of its operation. Specifically, this period corresponds to the directorships under Kenneth Bowles, Donald Farley, and Tor Hagfors and the first period of Ronald Woodman, i.e., the years between 1960 and 1974. Within this time frame, we will emphasize observational and instrumental developments which led to define the capabilities of the Jicamarca incoherent scatter (IS) radar to measure the different physical parameters of the ionosphere. At the same time, we partially cover the early history of the IS technique which has been used by many other observatories built since. We will also briefly mention the observatory's early and most important contributions to our understanding of the physical mechanisms behind the many peculiar phenomena that occur at the magnetic Equator. Finally, we will put special emphasis on the important developments of the instrument and its observing techniques that frame the capabilities of the radar at that time.

ENTOMOLOGY. No. II

1871 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
William Couper
Keyword(s):  
Early History ◽  
Nest Structure ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

In a former paper, I have briefly referred to the Peculiarity of nest structure made by the larvæof our large Lepidopterous Nocturnal insects, in order to show that an attempt should be made to separate species on the similarity of form and texture of these structures. No doubt, when Entomology becomes thoroughly studied throughout the Dominion, much of the confusion in our prsent generic classification will be removed by means of investigations into the early history of larvæ and imagines of the many genera.

Labor Violence and Regime Brutality in Tsarist Russia: The Iuzovka Cholera Riots of 1892

Slavic Review ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore H. Friedgut
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Early History ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
History Of ◽  
Labor Violence ◽  
The Many

Recent monographs on Russian social development have raised a number of hypotheses regarding our general understanding of processes of political and social change. In his volume on the early history of Russian workers Reginald Zelnik, for instance, proposes that moderate labor unrest reinforced traditional repressive patterns, while extreme conflicts motivated innovative reform. In the work of Robert E. Johnson and of Victoria Bonnell we find the suggestion that workers in small-scale enterprises and artisan shops were often more radical and organized than those in larger industrial enterprises. The fragmented and antagonistic nature of Russian society, with multiple splits of both an intergroup and intragroup nature, has been noted in the work of both Roberta Manning and Allan Wildman. Diane Koenker, focusing her research on the period of the 1917 revolutions, has brought out the moderating and integrating effect of the urban setting on Russian workers. These are only a few of the many thought-provoking hypotheses that have been raised.

Friends and Foes (1099–1129)

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-87
Author(s):  
Nicholas Morton
Keyword(s):  
Near East ◽  
Early History ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Real Possibility ◽  
First Crusade ◽  
History Of ◽  
Crusader States ◽  
City States ◽  
The Many ◽  
Complete Collapse

Chapter 2 Friends and Foes discusses the Crusader States’ closest neighbours in the early years of the twelfth century. On their southern borders the Franks confronted the Egyptian Fatimid Empire and it will be shown here how the the Franks managed to overcome the many attacks launched against them by Fatimid commanders. On their eastern borders, the Franks faced the Turkish city-states of Damascus and Aleppo. This chapter shows how the Turks were never able to unite against the Franks due both to their continued infighting and to the many other threats to their rule. This was an era where the complete collapse of Turkish authority across Syria was a very real possibility, driven by Frankish attacks as well as by many local rebellions. In this environment, mere survival was often the goal steering these Turkish leaders’ policies and it was frequently in their interests to manage the threat posed by the Crusader States by diplomatic means rather than seeking to drive them out of the Near East altogether. Further North, in the wake of the First Crusade, the Armenian lords of Cilicia and Southern Anatolia seized the opportunity to drive back Turkish authority, but they then had to negotiate new relationships for themselves with the Crusader States. These included moments of both conflict and rivalry as well as and friendship and accord. The early history of their interactions is examined in detail.

‘Carolina Hat’: Vona Groarke's Lament for Art O'Leary

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Mills Harper
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Domestic Space ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poetic Voice ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Oral Composition

Vona Groarke's 2008 version of Eibhlín Dubh Ní Chonaill's famous keen for her husband, Chaoineadh Airt Uí Laoghaire, features a poetic voice overtly inflected by Irish, English, and American diction and usage. Groarke's poem emphasizes its status as a textual event in more than one time frame as well as another spatial setting. The other time is multiple, including the many translations and discussions of the lament from its eighteenth-century composition until now. The place is also multiple: it might be Dublin or Manchester, Boston or London, or Wake Forest, North Carolina, where Groarke spends part of every year. This new poem stresses the mobility of Eileen's passionate lament: in Groarke's hands, it becomes a poem of the particular place that manages also, intriguingly, to highlight transnational cultural and linguistic implications. This version, another chapter in the history of a work that begins in the fluidity of oral composition and is repeatedly reworked in translations, emphasizes domestic space as generative as well as excessive, the site of desire. Groarke's poem locates itself both inside and, crucially, outside, a place to which one comes ‘carrying nothing’ in order to find, in a seeming paradox, nonrestrictive structures.

The religious and philosophical signicance of the ‘Hsiang erh’ Lao tzu in the light of the Ma-wang-tui silk manuscripts

1982 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Boltz
Keyword(s):  
British Museum ◽  
Han Dynasty ◽  
Early History ◽  
Lao Tzu ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

Among the many texts and manuscripts that Sir Aurel Stein brought to London from the Grottoes of the Thousand Buddhas at Tun-huang early in this century was a text of the first half of the Lao tzu (chapters 1–37 of the standard, received version of the text) with a commentary known as the Hsiang erh chu (Stein MS 6825 in the British Museum). This document has attracted considerable scholarly interest because of its ostensible connexion with the origins and early history of Celestial Master (t'ien shih ) Taoism in the Later Han dynasty. Lu Te-ming (c. 550–c. 630) listed the Hsiang erh chu as a commentary to the Lao tzu in his Ching tien shih wen, and said that accordingto one tradition it was written by Chang Lu (d. 216). This is the earliest known suggestion that the Hsiang erh chu is a text of the Celestial Master school.

Reply

Slavic Review ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-238
Author(s):  
Francis Dvornik
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Development ◽  
Early History ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

There are few events in history which had such a profound influence on the cultural development of so many nations as had the Byzantine mission to Moravia. Although the mission failed in the country for which it had been destined, the work of the two Greek brothers, aided by a few disciples, produced unexpected fruit among the Bulgarians, Serbians, Croats, and Eastern Slavs, and became the basis of the oldest Christian Slavic culture. This shows us the excellence of the first literary achievements in Moravia and testifies to the geniality of the inventor of the Slavic alphabet, and to Constantine’s extraordinary philological talent. A mediocre work could not have survived the Moravian catastrophe and the many upheavals in the early history of the southern and eastern Slavs.

The Kiev State and Its Relations with Western Europe

1947 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 27-46
Author(s):  
F. Dvornik
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Early History ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Many

The early history of Russia is still in many respects an unexplored field, and the place which the first Russian political organisation occupied in Europe from the tenth to the twelfth century is not yet appreciated as it deserves to be, even by Russian scholars themselves. The research carried out in this field in Russia at the end of the nineteenth and in the early twentieth century was cut short for almost three decades by political events. It is only recently that the history of Kievan Russia has aroused a keener interest among the historians of Soviet Russia, as witness the many studies published in Vestnik Drevnei Istorii and especially the work of B. D. Grekov.

The Early Mendicants

2020 ◽  
pp. 263-284
Author(s):  
Frances Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Early History ◽  
Religious Orders ◽  
Visual Evidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Mendicant Orders

This chapter considers the early history of the women and men of the medieval Mendicant orders: the Franciscans, Dominicans, Carmelites, Augustinian Hermits, Servites, Sack, and Pied friars. It outlines recent revisionary approaches to continuity with previous religious orders and the multiplicity of forms ‘mendicancy’ might take. In doing so, it considers the essential features of what it meant to be a mendicant, male or female, paying particular attention to the changing significance of poverty and begging, the location of settlements, the slow emergence of a mendicant status, and the considerable role of the papacy. The value of non-normative textual and visual evidence is particularly emphasized, exposing the power of contingency and suggesting one of the creative ways in which research might begin to tackle the many questions that still deserve investigation.

scholarly journals Recently Discovered Archaic Sculptures

1887 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 159-193
Author(s):  
Ernest A. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Early History ◽  
New Work ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
Local Schools ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Material ◽  
Exact Position ◽  
Greek Sculpture ◽  
The Many

The last year has been most fruitful of results to the archæologist. Excavations on many Greek sites have supplied abundant material for new work and speculation. But important as may be the gains to other branches of archæology, none are so brilliant as those that have so greatly increased our knowledge of the early history of Greek sculpture. It must be many years before archæologists are agreed on the exact position and import of the new statues in relation to the early history of art; longer still before all that those statues can teach us shall have been learnt. In the present paper no attempt can be made to criticise and discuss fully the many difficult questions to which their discovery has given rise— much less to assign finally to each of them its place in the history of religion and sculpture. Many of the early chapters of that history must be reconsidered and in part rewritten before all the statues we now possess find their due place in a recognised and unbroken series of monuments of various ages and of various local schools. Meanwhile it may be well to indicate the directions in which the influence of our newly-acquired knowledge is likely to be felt, and to endeavour to estimate the meaning and the importance of the new material that the science of archæology has acquired.

In Defense of Presidential Libraries

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
Bob Clark
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
Early History ◽  
Museum Exhibits ◽  
Library System ◽  
National Archives ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Presidential Library System

The recent announcement by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Barack Obama Foundation that there will be no Barack Obama Presidential Library has received very little attention or scrutiny. This essay examines that decision and places it in historical context based on the author’s expertise gained through years of working within NARA at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum and writing about the early history of NARA and the presidential library system. The essay explores the many ways in which the failure to build an Obama Library adversely impacts researcher access to important historical information, damages the quality of museum exhibits at a privately run Obama museum, threatens the presidential library system as we know it, and ultimately impairs our democracy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document