scholarly journals Numerical analysis of an infrared gas sensor utilizing an indium-tin-oxide-based plasmonic slot waveguide

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Parviz Saeidi ◽  
Bernhard Jakoby ◽  
Gerald Pühringer ◽  
Andreas Tortschanoff ◽  
Gerald Stocker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Propagation Loss ◽  
Slot Waveguide ◽  
Plasmonic Waveguides ◽  
Propagation Length ◽  
Plasmonic Material ◽  
Sensing Applications

Abstract. Plasmonic waveguides have attracted much attention owing to the associated high field intensity at the metal–dielectric interface and their ability to confine the modes at the nanometer scale. At the same time, they suffer from relatively high propagation loss, which is due to the presence of metal. Several alternative materials have been introduced to replace noble metals, such as transparent conductive oxides (TCOs). A particularly popular TCO is indium tin oxide (ITO), which is compatible with standard microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. In this work, the feasibility of ITO as an alternative plasmonic material is investigated for infrared absorption sensing applications: we numerically design and optimize an ITO-based plasmonic slot waveguide for a wavelength of 4.26 µm, which is the absorption line of CO2. Our optimization is based on a figure of merit (FOM), which is defined as the confinement factor divided by the imaginary part of the effective mode index (i.e., the intrinsic damping of the mode). The obtained optimal FOM is 3.2, which corresponds to 9 µm and 49 % for the propagation length (characterizing the intrinsic damping) and the confinement factor, respectively.

scholarly journals Deposition of Silver Nanoparticles on Indium Tin Oxide Substrates by Plasma-Assisted Hot-Filament Evaporation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abtisam Hasan Hamood Al-Masoodi ◽  
Boon Tong Goh ◽  
Ahmed H.H. Al-Masoodi ◽  
Wan Haliza Binti Abd Majid
Keyword(s):  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Ag Nanoparticles ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Quantum Confinement Effect ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Plasmon Excitation ◽  
Light Region ◽  
Interparticle Separation ◽  
Hot Filament

Nanoparticles of noble metals have unique properties including large surface energies, surface plasmon excitation, quantum confinement effect, and high electron accumulation. Among these nanoparticles, silver (Ag) nanoparticles have strong responses in visible light region due to its high plasmon excitation. These unique properties depend on the size, shape, interparticle separation and surrounded medium of Ag nanoparticles. Indium tin oxide (ITO) is widely used as an electrode for flat panel devices in such as electronic, optoelectronic and sensing applications. Nowadays, Ag nanoparticles were deposited on ITO to improve their optical and electrical properties. Plasma-assisted hot-filament evaporation (PAHFE) technique produced high-density of crystalline Ag nanoparticles with controlling in the size and distribution on ITO surface. In this chapter, we will discuss about the PAHFE technique for the deposition of Ag nanoparticles on ITO and influences of the experimental parameters on the physical and optical properties, and electronic structure of the deposited Ag nanoparticles on ITO.

scholarly journals Designing Mid-Infrared Gold-Based Plasmonic Slot Waveguides for CO2-Sensing Applications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2669
Author(s):  
Parviz Saeidi ◽  
Bernhard Jakoby ◽  
Gerald Pühringer ◽  
Andreas Tortschanoff ◽  
Gerald Stocker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Propagation Loss ◽  
Asymmetric Structure ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Propagation Length ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
A Value ◽  
Standing Structure ◽  
Slot Waveguides

Plasmonic slot waveguides have attracted much attention due to the possibility of high light confinement, although they suffer from relatively high propagation loss originating from the presence of a metal. Although the tightly confined light in a small gap leads to a high confinement factor, which is crucial for sensing applications, the use of plasmonic guiding at the same time results in a low propagation length. Therefore, the consideration of a trade-off between the confinement factor and the propagation length is essential to optimize the waveguide geometries. Using silicon nitride as a platform as one of the most common material systems, we have investigated free-standing and asymmetric gold-based plasmonic slot waveguides designed for sensing applications. A new figure of merit (FOM) is introduced to optimize the waveguide geometries for a wavelength of 4.26 µm corresponding to the absorption peak of CO2, aiming at the enhancement of the confinement factor and propagation length simultaneously. For the free-standing structure, the achieved FOM is 274.6 corresponding to approximately 42% and 868 µm for confinement factor and propagation length, respectively. The FOM for the asymmetric structure shows a value of 70.1 which corresponds to 36% and 264 µm for confinement factor and propagation length, respectively.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Indium Tin Oxide for Gas Sensing Applications: Adsorption/Desorption and Electrical Conductivity Studies on Powders and Thick Films

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Stefan Dietrich ◽  
Mihails Kusnezoff ◽  
Uwe Petasch ◽  
Alexander Michaelis
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Oxygen Adsorption ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Oxygen Coverage ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

By combining results of adsorption/desorption measurements on powders and electrical conductivity studies on thick and thin films, the interaction of indium tin oxide with various ambient gas species and carbon monoxide as potential target gas was studied between room temperature and 700 °C. The results show that the indium tin oxide surfaces exhibit a significant coverage of water-related and carbonaceous adsorbates even at temperatures as high as 600 °C. Specifically carbonaceous species, which are also produced under carbon monoxide exposure, show a detrimental effect on oxygen adsorption and may impair the film’s sensitivity to a variety of target gases if the material is used in gas sensing applications. Consequently, the operating temperature of an ITO based chemoresistive carbon monoxide sensor should be selected within a range where the decomposition and desorption of these species proceeds rapidly, while the surface oxygen coverage is still high enough to provide ample species for target gas interaction.

scholarly journals Lossy Mode Resonance Generation With Indium-Tin-Oxide-Coated Optical Fibers for Sensing Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Del Villar ◽  
C.R. Zamarreno ◽  
M. Hernaez ◽  
F.J. Arregui ◽  
I.R. Matias
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Sensing Applications

Tunable Charge Transport in Hybrid Superlattices of Indium Tin Oxide Nanocrystals and Metal Phthalocyanines-Toward Sensing Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1701623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Samadi Khoshkhoo ◽  
Yvonne Joseph ◽  
Santanu Maiti ◽  
Frank Schreiber ◽  
Thomas Chassé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transport ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Metal Phthalocyanines ◽  
Sensing Applications

scholarly journals Millimeter-Wave-to-Terahertz Superconducting Plasmonic Waveguides for Integrated Nanophotonics at Cryogenic Temperatures

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4291
Author(s):  
Samane Kalhor ◽  
Majid Ghanaatshoar ◽  
Hannah J. Joyce ◽  
David A. Ritchie ◽  
Kazuo Kadowaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Slot Waveguide ◽  
Cryogenic Temperatures ◽  
Plasmonic Waveguides ◽  
Propagation Length ◽  
Modal Characteristics ◽  
High Transition ◽  
Integrated Circuitry

Plasmonics, as a rapidly growing research field, provides new pathways to guide and modulate highly confined light in the microwave-to-optical range of frequencies. We demonstrated a plasmonic slot waveguide, at the nanometer scale, based on the high-transition-temperature (Tc) superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (BSCCO), to facilitate the manifestation of chip-scale millimeter wave (mm-wave)-to-terahertz (THz) integrated circuitry operating at cryogenic temperatures. We investigated the effect of geometrical parameters on the modal characteristics of the BSCCO plasmonic slot waveguide between 100 and 800 GHz. In addition, we investigated the thermal sensing of the modal characteristics of the nanoscale superconducting slot waveguide and showed that, at a lower frequency, the fundamental mode of the waveguide had a larger propagation length, a lower effective refractive index, and a strongly localized modal energy. Moreover, we found that our device offered a larger SPP propagation length and higher field confinement than the gold plasmonic waveguides at broad temperature ranges below BSCCO’s Tc. The proposed device can provide a new route toward realizing cryogenic low-loss photonic integrated circuitry at the nanoscale.

Fan-shaped mid-infrared chiral metamaterials based on indium tin oxide and their circular dichroism

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 722-727
Author(s):  
ZHU Ye-xin ◽  
◽  
◽  
LI Ya-nan ◽  
SHI Wei-jie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Dichroism ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Chiral Metamaterials ◽  
Circular Dichroïsm
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