scholarly journals Analysis of changes in post-seismic landslide distribution and its effect on building reconstruction

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 817-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Yang ◽  
M. Wang ◽  
N. Kerle ◽  
C. J. Van Westen ◽  
L. Y. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Environment Exposure ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Seismic Landslide ◽  
Landslide Debris

Abstract. Six years after the devastating Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, new landslides, debris flows, and flash floods still occur frequently in the earthquake-stricken regions. This shows that the geological hazards that occur after a major earthquake in a mountainous environment can be a long-term threat. However, post-earthquake reconstruction and relocation of local residents often neglect this evolving threat, and its interaction with existing and rebuilt houses has not been well studied. Here we show that the evolving mountain environment, including the changed geographic distribution of new landslides and the continuously uplifting riverbed, creates emerging risks for existing and rebuilt houses. We use spatial analysis of landslide debris and the location of houses from high-resolution images and field survey in the study area and find that new landslides and the houses rebuilt after the Wenchuan earthquake have a similar trend of moving to lower elevations, gentler slopes, and closer to rivers. This study confirms that the persistent downward movement of landslide debris has rapidly filled up riverbeds over the past 6 years. The elevated riverbeds make the study area extremely susceptible to flash floods, creating further risks to newly rebuilt houses that are closer to the river. We highlight the often neglected dynamic process that involves changes in the natural environment and man-made constructions and their interaction. This dynamic process requires long-term monitoring and adaptive management of mountainous regions after major earthquakes that can fully consider the sophisticated evolving risks caused by the changing environment, exposure, and vulnerability in the region.

scholarly journals Analysis of changes in post-seismic landslide distribution and its effect on building reconstruction

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 5501-5523
Author(s):  
W. T. Yang ◽  
M. Wang ◽  
N. Kerle ◽  
C. J. Westen ◽  
L. Y. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Environment Exposure ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Seismic Landslide ◽  
Landslide Debris

Abstract. Six years after the devastating Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake, new landslides, debris flows, and flash floods still occur frequently in the earthquake-stricken regions. This shows the geological hazards that occur after a major earthquake in a mountainous environment can be a long-term threat. However, post-earthquake reconstruction and relocation of local residents often neglect this evolving threat, and its interaction with existing and rebuilt houses has not been well studied. Here we show that the evolving mountain environment, including the changed geographic distribution of new landslides and the continuously uplifting riverbed, creates emerging risks for existing and rebuilt houses. We use spatial analysis of landslide debris and the location of houses from high-resolution images and field survey in the study area, and find that new landslides and the houses rebuilt after the Wenchuan Earthquake have a similar trend of moving to lower elevations, gentler slopes, and closer to rivers. This study confirms that the persistent downward movement of landslide debris has rapidly filled up riverbeds over the past 6 yr. The elevated riverbeds make the study area extremely susceptible to flash floods, creating further risks to newly rebuilt houses that are closer to the river. We highlight the often neglected dynamic process that involves changes in the natural environment and man-made constructions, and their interaction. This dynamic process requires long-term monitoring and adaptive management of mountainous regions after major earthquakes that can fully consider the sophisticated evolving risks caused by the changing environment, exposure and vulnerability in the region.

scholarly journals Analysing post-earthquake landslide activity using multi-temporal landslide inventories near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenxiao Tang ◽  
Cees J. Van Westen ◽  
Hakan Tanyaş ◽  
Victor G. Jetten
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Epicentral Area ◽  
2008 Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Landslide Activity ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Seismic Landslide

Abstract. Large earthquakes in mountainous regions may trigger thousands of landslides, some active for years. We analysed the changes in landslide activity near 2008 Wenchuan earthquake epicentre, generating five landslide inventories for different years through stereoscopic digital visual image interpretation. From May 2008 to April 2015, 660 new landslides occurred outside the co-seismic landslide areas. In April 2015, the number of active landslides had gone down to 66, less than 1 % of the co-seismic landslides, still much higher than the pre-earthquake situation. We expect that the landslide activity will continue to decay, but may be halted if extreme rainfall events occur.

scholarly journals When Housing and Communities Were Delivered: A Case Study of Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Rural Reconstruction and Recovery

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7629
Author(s):  
Haorui Wu
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Place Making ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Residential Communities ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Disaster Survivors ◽  
Two Phases

This study contributes to an in-depth examination of how Wenchuan earthquake disaster survivors utilize intensive built environment reconstruction outcomes (housing and infrastructural systems) to facilitate their long-term social and economic recovery and sustainable rural development. Post-disaster recovery administered via top-down disaster management systems usually consists of two phases: a short-term, government-led reconstruction (STGLR) of the built environment and a long-term, survivor-led recovery (LTSLR) of human and social settings. However, current studies have been inadequate in examining how rural disaster survivors have adapted to their new government-provided housing or how communities conducted their long-term recovery efforts. This qualitative case study invited sixty rural disaster survivors to examine their place-making activities utilizing government-delivered, urban-style residential communities to support their long-term recovery. This study discovered that rural residents’ recovery activities successfully perpetuated their original rural lives and rebuilt social connections and networks both individually and collectively. However, they were only able to manage their agriculture-based livelihood recovery temporarily. This research suggests that engaging rural inhabitants’ place-making expertise and providing opportunities to improve their housing and communities would advance the long-term grassroots recovery of lives and livelihoods, achieving sustainable development.

Dropouts and Aftereffects: Examining General Accessibility to Virtual Environment Technology

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (26) ◽  
pp. 2114-2118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay M. Stanney ◽  
Kelly S. Kingdon ◽  
Robert S. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
General Public ◽  
Dropout Rates ◽  
Environment Exposure ◽  
Oculomotor Disturbances ◽  
A Minor

Are current virtual environments (VEs) usable by the broad spectrum of people who may wish to utilize this technology? The current study, which examined over 1000 participants, indicates the answer to this question is a definitive ‘no’. Virtual environment exposure was found to cause people to vomit (1.1%), experience nausea (71%), disorientation (70%), and oculomotor disturbances (79%). Overall, 88% of participants reported some level of adverse symptomatology, ranging from a minor headache to vomiting and intense vertigo. These disturbances led 12% of those exposed to prematurely cease their interaction. Dropout rates as high as nearly 50% were found in exposures of 1 hr in length. In addition, long-term aftereffects were found, including headaches, drowsiness, nausea, and fatigue. These problems could substantially reduce the accessibility of VE technology by the general public and thus must be resolved if this technology is to be widely adopted.

MULTIFRACTAL FLUCTUATIONS OF JIUZHAIGOU TOURISTS BEFORE AND AFTER WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE

Fractals ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350001 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAI SHI ◽  
WEN-YONG LI ◽  
CHUN-QIONG LIU ◽  
ZHENG-WEN HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dynamical Mechanism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Previous State ◽  
Multifractal Behavior ◽  
Multifractal Nature

In this work, multifractal methods have been successfully used to characterize the temporal fluctuations of daily Jiuzhai Valley domestic and foreign tourists before and after Wenchuan earthquake in China. We used multifractal detrending moving average method (MF-DMA). It showed that Jiuzhai Valley tourism markets are characterized by long-term memory and multifractal nature in. Moreover, the major sources of multifractality are studied. Based on the concept of sliding window, the time evolutions of the multifractal behavior of domestic and foreign tourists were analyzed and the influence of Wenchuan earthquake on Jiuzhai Valley tourism system dynamics were evaluated quantitatively. The study indicates that the inherent dynamical mechanism of Jiuzhai Valley tourism system has not been fundamentally changed from long views, although Jiuzhai Valley tourism system was seriously affected by the Wenchuan earthquake. Jiuzhai Valley tourism system has the ability to restore to its previous state in the short term.

THE SPECIFICS OF THE OFFER OF A MOUNTAIN DESTINATION FOR SKI TOURISM

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Undzhieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Important Type ◽  
Mountain Ecosystem ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Frame Work

Mountain ski tourism is an important type of tourism, which is economically and culturally valuable industry particularly for developed countries. Not all mountain regions are appropriate for ski tourism development, however. The purpose of the report is to show the specifics of a mountain destination and its potential of offering ski tourism. Some analyzes and reports will outline the characteristics and the specifics of offering of mountain tourism for ski. The results are indicating the potential and the structural risks, new market conditions and trends, the principal of planning and the frame work of mountain ski tourism development. Factors that include climate, topography, scenery and the seasonal cycle all determine the facilities and activities of mountain ski tourism, reflecting the strong interdependency between the mountain ecosystem and the mountain tourism system. Ski tourism development must therefore go hand in hand with protecting and preserving these resources to ensure tourism's long-term growth and viability. Investments in ski tourism-related facilities can valorize these resources in terms of creating employment and income to the local residents of mountain regions.

scholarly journals Empirical atmospheric thresholds for debris flows and flash floods in the southern French Alps

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1517-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Turkington ◽  
J. Ettema ◽  
C. J. van Westen ◽  
K. Breinl
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flows ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Convective Rainfall ◽  
French Alps ◽  
Mountainous Regions

Abstract. Debris flows and flash floods are often preceded by intense, convective rainfall. The establishment of reliable rainfall thresholds is an important component for quantitative hazard and risk assessment, and for the development of an early warning system. Traditional empirical thresholds based on peak intensity, duration and antecedent rainfall can be difficult to verify due to the localized character of the rainfall and the absence of weather radar or sufficiently dense rain gauge networks in mountainous regions. However, convective rainfall can be strongly linked to regional atmospheric patterns and profiles. There is potential to employ this in empirical threshold analysis. This work develops a methodology to determine robust thresholds for flash floods and debris flows utilizing regional atmospheric conditions derived from ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis data, comparing the results with rain-gauge-derived thresholds. The method includes selecting the appropriate atmospheric indicators, categorizing the potential thresholds, determining and testing the thresholds. The method is tested in the Ubaye Valley in the southern French Alps (548 km2), which is known to have localized convection triggered debris flows and flash floods. This paper shows that instability of the atmosphere and specific humidity at 700 hPa are the most important atmospheric indicators for debris flows and flash floods in the study area. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates that atmospheric reanalysis data are an important asset, and could replace rainfall measurements in empirical exceedance thresholds for debris flows and flash floods.

Constraints on socio-buffering around the Mantadia National Park in Madagascar

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Shyamsundar
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
National Park ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Stake Holder ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Integrated Conservation ◽  
Integrated Conservation And Development ◽  
Conservation And Development Projects

SummaryIntegrated conservation and development projects (ICDPs) involve the establishment of parks and reserves with protective or buffer zones around them. Socio-buffering provides local residents with alternatives to traditional land-use activities, but the actual implementation of socio-buffering programmes is difficult.Socio-economic requirements and constraints to socio-buffering were assessed for the Mantadia National Park in eastern Madagascar based on five criteria. Previously unused lands for compensating people for loss of access to areas within the park were found to be insufficient. While there existed institutions and programmes for developing substitute land-use activities, successful adoption of these activities was crucially dependent on their economic viability. Socio-buffering activities need to not only provide goods that are substitutes for goods that are traditionally consumed, but they also need to be at least as profitable as traditional economic efforts. Also, if land and labour are not a constraint to agricultural expansion, socio-buffering activities can themselves result in increased deforestation. Finally, the long-term effectiveness of socio-buffering was likely to be dependent on the satisfaction of a number of stake-holder interests, and on explicit linkages developed between socio-buffering activities and conservation.

scholarly journals Pikas and People: Human-Pika (Ochotona) interaction in the Himalaya of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayan Koju ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Chalise ◽  
Randall C Kyes
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Collective Data ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Folk Stories ◽  
The Himalaya

Abstract. Koju NP, Chalise MK, Kyes RC. 2021. Pikas and People: Human-Pika (Ochotona) interaction in the Himalaya of Nepal. Biodiversitas 22: 5085-5091. This study examined human-pika (Ochotona) interaction in two protected areas of Nepal: Lamtang National Park (LNP) and Api Nampa Conservation Area (ACNA). We conducted the study between 2012 and 2017 and employed a combination of three qualitative sampling methods: observation of behavior (both humans and pikas), practices, and rituals of the local residents, pilgrims, tourists, and Yarsagumba (Ophiocordyceps sinesis) collectors; collection of folk stories; and focus group discussions with local residents to investigate the nature of human-pika interaction. Based on the collective data, three general themes relating to human-pika interaction emerged: 1) the perception of pikas as a respected entity; 2) effects of anthropogenic pollution on pikas, and 3) pikas as a traditional medicine. In LNP, the pika was respected as symbol of the Buddhist monk ‘Lama’. In contrast, at ANCA, the dried meat of pika was used by local people for traditional medicine. At both locations, there is an increasing human presence resulting in increased anthropogenic pollution. This, in turn, may present a potential risk to the pikas over the long term. Further investigation is needed to address the effects of anthropogenic activities on the pika and to ensure the health and viability of the pika population.

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