scholarly journals Multifractal intermittency of Eulerian and Lagrangian turbulence of ocean temperature and plankton fields

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Seuront ◽  
F. Schmitt ◽  
D. Schertzer ◽  
Y. Lagadeuc ◽  
S. Lovejoy
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Ocean Temperature ◽  
Scale Invariant ◽  
Invariant Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lagrangian Turbulence

Abstract. In this paper, we present evidence that intermittency of Eulerian and Lagrangian turbulence of ocean temperature and plankton fields is multifractal and furthermore can be analysed with the help of universal multifractals. We analyse time series of temperature and in vivo fluorescence taken from a drifter in the mixed coastal waters of the eastern English Channel. Two analysis techniques are used to compute the fundamental universal multifiractal parameters, which describe all the statistics of the turbulent fluctuations: the analysis of the scale invariant structure function exponent ζ(q) and the Double Trace Moment technique. At small scales, we do not detect any significant difference between the universal multifiractal behavior of temperature and fluorescence in an Eulerian framework. This supports the hypothesis that the latter is passively advected with the flow as the former. On the one hand, we show that large scale measurements are Lagrangian and indeed we obtain for temperature fluctuations a ω2 power spectrum corresponding to the theoretical scaling of a Lagrangian passive scalar. Furthermore, we show that Lagrangian temperature fluctuations are multiscaling and intermittent. On the other hand, the flatter slope at large scales of the fluorescence power spectrum points out that the plankton is at these scales a "biologically active" scalar.

scholarly journals Optimizing Manufacturing and Osseointegration of Ti6Al4V Implants through Precision Casting and Calcium and Phosphorus Ion Implantation? In Vivo Results of a Large-Scale Animal Trial

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wölfle-Roos JV ◽  
Katmer Amet B ◽  
Fiedler J ◽  
Michels H ◽  
Kappelt G ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Precision Casting ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

Background: Uncemented implants are still associated with several major challenges, especially with regard to their manufacturing and their osseointegration. In this study, a novel manufacturing technique—an optimized form of precision casting—and a novel surface modification to promote osseointegration—calcium and phosphorus ion implantation into the implant surface—were tested in vivo. Methods: Cylindrical Ti6Al4V implants were inserted bilaterally into the tibia of 110 rats. We compared two generations of cast Ti6Al4V implants (CAST 1st GEN, n = 22, and CAST 2nd GEN, n = 22) as well as cast 2nd GEN Ti6Al4V implants with calcium (CAST + CA, n = 22) and phosphorus (CAST + P, n = 22) ion implantation to standard machined Ti6Al4V implants (control, n = 22). After 4 and 12 weeks, maximal pull-out force and bone-to-implant contact rate (BIC) were measured and compared between all five groups. Results: There was no significant difference between all five groups after 4 weeks or 12 weeks with regard to pull-out force (p > 0.05, Kruskal Wallis test). Histomorphometric analysis showed no significant difference of BIC after 4 weeks (p > 0.05, Kruskal–Wallis test), whereas there was a trend towards a higher BIC in the CAST + P group (54.8% ± 15.2%), especially compared to the control group (38.6% ± 12.8%) after 12 weeks (p = 0.053, Kruskal–Wallis test). Conclusion: In this study, we found no indication of inferiority of Ti6Al4V implants cast with the optimized centrifugal precision casting technique of the second generation compared to standard Ti6Al4V implants. As the employed manufacturing process holds considerable economic potential, mainly due to a significantly decreased material demand per implant by casting near net-shape instead of milling away most of the starting ingot, its application in manufacturing uncemented implants seems promising. However, no significant advantages of calcium or phosphorus ion implantation could be observed in this study. Due to the promising results of ion implantation in previous in vitro and in vivo studies, further in vivo studies with different ion implantation conditions should be considered.

scholarly journals Hartle-Hawking wave function and large-scale power suppression of CMB

2018 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 08002
Author(s):  
Dong-han Yeom
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Quantum Cosmology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Integral Approach ◽  
Scale Invariant ◽  
Instanton Solution ◽  
Euclidean Wormholes ◽  
Potential Parameters ◽  
Suitable Potential

In this presentation, we first describe the Hartle-Hawking wave function in the Euclidean path integral approach. After we introduce perturbations to the background instanton solution, following the formalism developed by Halliwell-Hawking and Laflamme, one can obtain the scale-invariant power spectrum for small-scales. We further emphasize that the Hartle-Hawking wave function can explain the large-scale power suppression by choosing suitable potential parameters, where this will be a possible window to confirm or falsify models of quantum cosmology. Finally, we further comment on possible future applications, e.g., Euclidean wormholes, which can result in distinct signatures to the power spectrum.

scholarly journals Biologically active recombinant carp LH as a spawning-inducing agent for carp

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Aizen ◽  
Lian Hollander-Cohen ◽  
Michal Shpilman ◽  
Berta Levavi-Sivan
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Dopamine Antagonist ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Terminal Part ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Subsequent Decrease

Currently, spawning is induced in carp species by carp pituitary extract (CPE) and a combination of synthetic agonist of GnRH combined with a dopamine antagonist. The main goal of this study was the production of recombinant gonadotropins (GtHs) on a large scale to serve as an alternative to currently used agents. We produced carp (c) recombinant (r) Lh as a single chain in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Lha subunit was joined with Lhb subunit with a flexible linker of three glycine–serine repeats and six Histidines to form a mature protein, the β-subunit formed the N-terminal part and the α-subunit formed the C-terminal part. The ability of the rcLh to elicit biological response was tested by in vivo stimulation of estradiol (E2) and 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and by its in vivo potency to induce ovulation and spawning induction. rcLh tested in this work significantly enhanced both E2 and DHP secretion in a dose-dependent manner similar to the results obtained with CPE. E2 levels showed a moderate rise following the priming injection and a subsequent decrease during the rest of the trial. DHP levels were only increased after the resolving injection, approximately 5 h before spawning. At the highest dose of rcLh (350 µg/kg BW), the recombinant protein was more efficient than CPE in terms of both spawning success and fertilization rate. It is shown here that rcLh can elicit the secretion of DHP in vivo and actually trigger spawning. These novel findings introduce the potential of utilizing recombinant gonadotropins in aquaculture.

scholarly journals Crystal structures of the σ2 receptor template large-library docking for selective chemotypes active in vivo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assaf Alon ◽  
Jiankun Lyu ◽  
Joao M. Braz ◽  
Tia A. Tummino ◽  
Veronica Craik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Selective Ligand

The σ2 receptor is a poorly understood transmembrane receptor that has attracted intense interest in many areas of biology including cancer imaging, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and neuropathic pain. However, little is known regarding the molecular details of the receptor, and few highly selective ligands are available. Here, we report the crystal structure of the σ2 receptor in complex with the clinical drug candidate roluperidone and the probe compound PB28. These structures, in turn, templated a large-scale docking screen of 490 million make-on-demand molecules. Of these, 484 compounds were synthesized and tested, prioritizing not only high-ranking docked molecules, but also those with mediocre and poor scores. Overall, 127 compounds with binding affinities superior to 1 μM were identified, all in new chemotypes, 31 of which had affinities superior to 50 nM. Intriguingly, hit rate fell smoothly and monotonically with docking score. Seeking to develop selective and biologically active probe molecules, we optimized three of the original docking hits for potency and for selectivity, achieving affinities in the 3 to 48 nM range and to up to 250-fold selectivity vs. the σ1 receptor. Crystal structures of the newly discovered ligands bound to the σ2 receptor were subsequently determined, confirming the docked poses. To investigate the contribution of the σ2 receptor in pain processing, and to distinguish it from the contribution of the σ1 receptor, two potent σ2-selective and one potent σ1/σ2 non-selective ligand were tested for efficacy in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. All three ligands demonstrated time-dependent decreases in mechanical hypersensitivity in the spared nerve injury model, supporting a role for the σ2 receptor in nociception, and a possible role for σ1/σ2 polypharmacology. This study illustrates the opportunities for rapid discovery of in vivo active and selective probes to study under-explored areas of biology using structure-based screens of diverse, ultra-large libraries following the elucidation of protein structures.

Cosmic Data Fusion

2005 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 368-376
Author(s):  
S. L. Bridle
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cosmological Parameters ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Cluster Number ◽  
Scale Invariant ◽  
Peculiar Velocities ◽  
Initial Power

We compare and combine likelihood functions of the cosmological parameters Ωm, h and σ8 from the CMB, type Ia supernovae and from probes of large scale structure. We include the recent results from the CMB experiments BOOMERANG and MAXIMA-1. Our analysis assumes a flat ACDM cosmology with a scale-invariant adiabatic initial power spectrum. First we consider three data sets that directly probe the mass in the Universe, without the need to relate the galaxy distribution to the underlying mass via a “biasing” relation: peculiar velocities, CMB and supernovae. We assume a baryonic fraction as inferred from Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis and find that all three data sets agree well, overlapping significantly at the 2σ level. This therefore justifies a joint analysis, in which we find a joint best fit point and 95% confidence limits of Ωm = 0.28 (0.17, 0.39), h = 0.74 (0.64, 0.86), and σ8 = 1.17 (0.98,1.37). Secondly we extend our earlier work on combining CMB, supernovae, cluster number counts, IRAS galaxy redshift survey data to include BOOMERANG and MAXIMA-1 data and to allow a free Ωbh2. We find that, given our assumption of a scale invariant initial power spectrum (n = 1), we obtain the robust result of Ωbh2 = 0.031 ± 0.03, which is dominated by the CMB constraint.

scholarly journals Metabolism in vivo of all-trans-[11-3H]retinoic acid after an oral dose in rats. Characterization of retinoyl β-glucuronide in the blood and other tissues

1991 ◽  
Vol 277 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Barua ◽  
D B Gunning ◽  
J A Olson
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Large Dose ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acid Esters

Soon after [11-3H]retinoic acid (RA) (1.1 x 10(8) d.p.m.) was administered orally to rats either as a large dose (115 micrograms = 0.38 mumol/rat) or mixed with unlabelled RA as a huge dose (22 mg = 73.33 mumol/rat), retinoyl beta-glucuronide (RAG) was identified and characterized as a significant metabolite in the serum and small intestine. Of the administered dose, 70% remained unchanged as retinoic acid in the stomach up to 1 h. Significant amounts of 5,6-epoxyretinoic acid, 4-hydroxyretinoic acid, esters of retinoic acid and several polar retinoids, including 4-oxoretinoic acid, were also detected in the stomach. No significant difference was observed in the nature of the retinoids found after a large or a huge dose; however, the ratio of RAG/RA was higher after a huge dose than after a large dose. Thus RAG, which is biologically active in vivo and in vitro, is formed quickly in significant amounts in tissues after a dose of RA.

scholarly journals Temperature Fluctuations of the Microwave Background in Primeval Isocurvature Baryon Models

1996 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 441-444
Author(s):  
S. N. Dutta ◽  
G. Efstathiou
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Large Scale Structure ◽  
South Pole ◽  
Microwave Background ◽  
Field Point ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
The Universe

We calculate the temperature fluctuations in the microwave background in open primeval isocurvature baryon models (Peebles, 1987) with cosmological densities in the range 0.05 ≤ ω ≤ 0.2 We assume that the power spectrum of fluctuations is a power law with the index varying between – 1 ≤n≤ 0, as indicated by observations of large scale structure in the Universe. The Universe is assumed to be always fully ionized. The South Pole 13 field point experiment (Schusteret al., 1993) is compared to our theoretical predictions, and we find that the models predict larger temperature fluctuations than are observed. The observed temperature fluctuations on intermediate scales of ≲ 1°thus seem difficult to reconcile with the isocurvature baryon model.

Sensitive Bioassay for Detection of Biologically Active Ricin in Food

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 951-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
REUVEN RASOOLY ◽  
XIAOHUA HE
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Green Fluorescent Protein Gene ◽  
Mouse Bioassay ◽  
Human Embryonic Kidney Cells ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
And Control

The potential use of ricin as an agent of biological warfare highlights the need to develop fast and effective methods to detect biologically active ricin. The current “gold standard” for ricin detection is an in vivo mouse bioassay; however, this method is not practical to test on a large number of samples and raises ethical concerns with regard to the use of experimental animals. In this work, we generated adenoviral vectors that express the green fluorescent protein gene and used the relative fluorescence units intensity inhibition by transduced cells for quantitative measurement of biologically active ricin. The detection limit of the assay was 200 pg/ml, which is over 500,000 times greater than the adult human lethal oral dose. The inhibition of fluorescence intensity between ricin treatment and control was higher in 72-h posttransduction Vero cells than 24-h human embryonic kidney cells. Therefore, to detect biologically active ricin in food matrices that might influence the assay, we used 72-h posttransduction Vero cells. This simple assay could be used for large-scale screening to detect biologically active ricin in food without added substrates or use of cell fixation methods.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Upregulated Secondary Metabolite Pathways in Micropropagated Lawsonia Inermis L.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipu Samanta ◽  
Debapriya Das ◽  
Sayak Ganguli ◽  
Debleena Roy
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Karyotype Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Humans are dependent on plants for medicines, food and raw materials. Among the many plants used, Henna plant (Lawsonia inermis) have been found to be useful, medicinally and commercially. The pigment lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-nathaquinone) derived from the plant is the source of Mehendi, used for dying. The plant has a vast repertoire of secondary metabolites, giving the plant medicinal properties like anticarcinogenic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory and many more. This creates a huge demand pressure for the plant, which can’t be met by traditional farming. There have been reports of low propagation rate from stem cuttings and seed. So, micropropagation remains the only tool, for the large scale vegetative propagation, without exposing the plant to stress, saving the plant from overexploitation. The plant was established in vitro, with hormonal manipulation. The study shows BAP 4 mg/L and combination hormone of BAP 2 mg/L + Kn 2 mg/L to have best results for shoot bud multiplication. Rooting was seen to be significant in MS medium, highlighting the low cost of maintenance of the plant. Karyotype analysis was performed between in vivo and in vitro plant sets, followed by transcriptome analysis. Karyotype analysis, performed to validate the homogeneity between in vivo and in vitro plants, showed a chromosome number of 30. Transcriptome analysis through the TRAPID platform showed significant difference between in vivo and in vitro plant’s transcript sets. Pathway analysis revealed enriched secondary metabolite pathways of commercial and economic importance in the in vitro generated plantlets as compared to the wild type control.

scholarly journals Constraints on the primordial power spectrum of small scales using the neutrino signals from the dark matter decay

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (32) ◽  
pp. 1450194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yupeng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Invariant ◽  
Dark Matter Annihilation ◽  
Primordial Power Spectrum ◽  
Small Scales

Many inflation theories predict that the primordial power spectrum is scale invariant. The amplitude of the power spectrum can be constrained by different observations such as the cosmic microwave background (CMB), Lyman-α, large-scale structures and primordial black holes (PBHs). Although the constraints from the CMB are robust, the corresponding scales are very large (10-4 < k < 1 Mpc -1). For small scales (k > 1 Mpc -1), the research on the PBHs provides much weaker limits. Recently, ultracompact dark matter minihalos (UCMHs) was proposed and it was found that they could be used to constraint the small-scale primordial power spectrum. The limits obtained by the research on the UCMHs are much better than that of PBHs. Most of previous works focus on the dark matter annihilation within the UCMHs, but if the dark matter particles do not annihilate the decay is another important issue. In previous work [Y.-P. Yang, G.-L. Yang and H.-S. Zong, Europhys. Lett.101, 69001 (2013)], we investigated the gamma-ray flux from the UCMHs due to the dark matter decay. In addition to these flux, the neutrinos are usually produced going with the gamma-ray photons especially for the lepton channels. In this work, we studied the neutrino flux from the UCMHs due to the dark matter decay. Finally, we got the constraints on the amplitude of primordial power spectrum of small scales.

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