scholarly journals Testing the validity of regional detail in global analyses of Sea surface temperature – the case of Chinese coastal waters

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Hans von Storch ◽  
Qingyyuan Wang ◽  
Qingliang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Quality Data ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Local Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Chinese Coast ◽  
Local Quality ◽  
Break Points

Abstract. We have designed a method for testing the quality of multidecadal analyses of SST in regional seas by using a set of high-quality local SST observations. In recognizing that local data may reflect local effects, we focus on dominant EOFs of the local data and of the localized data of the analyses. We examine patterns, and the variability as well as the trends of the principal components. This method is applied to examine four different SST analyses, namely HadISST1, ERSST, COBE SST, and NOAA OISST. They are assessed using a newly constructed high-quality data set of SST at 26 coastal stations along the Chinese coast in 1960–2015 which underwent careful examination with respect to quality, and a number of corrections of inhomogeneities. The four gridded analyses perform by and large well, in particular since 1980. However, for the pre-satellite time period, before 1980, the analyses differ among each other and show some inconsistencies with the local data, such as artificial break points, periods of bias and differences in trends. We conclude that gridded SST-analyses need improvement in the pre-satellite time (prior to 1980s), by re-examining in detail archives of local quality-controlled SST data in many data-sparse regions of the world.

scholarly journals Testing the validity of regional detail in global analyses of sea surface temperature – the case of Chinese coastal waters

Ocean Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1455-1467
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Hans von Storch ◽  
Qingyuan Wang ◽  
Qingliang Zhou ◽  
Shengquan Tang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Empirical Orthogonal Functions ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Local Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Orthogonal Functions ◽  
Local Quality ◽  
Break Points

Abstract. We have designed a method for testing the quality of multidecadal analyses of sea surface temperature (SST) in regional seas by using a set of high-quality local SST observations. In recognizing that local data may reflect local effects, we focus on the dominant empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) of the local data and of the localized data of the gridded SST analyses. We examine the patterns, variability, and trends of the principal components. This method is applied to examine three different SST analyses, i.e., HadISST1, ERSST, and COBE SST. They have been assessed using a newly constructed high-quality dataset of SST at 26 coastal stations along the Chinese coast in 1960–2015, which underwent careful examination with respect to quality and a number of corrections for inhomogeneities. The three gridded analyses perform generally well from 1960 to 2015, in particular since 1980. However, for the pre-satellite period prior to the 1980s, the analyses differ among each other and show some inconsistencies with the local data, such as artificial break points, periods of bias, and differences in trends. We conclude that gridded SST analyses need improvement in the pre-satellite period (prior to the 1980s) by reexamining in detail archives of local quality-controlled SST data in many data-sparse regions of the world.

scholarly journals Building a high quality data linkage spine using a targeted approach to clerical review

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Wiggins ◽  
Brian Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Data Linkage ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Software Module ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Lower Confidence ◽  
Linkage Quality

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe Tasmanian Data Linkage Unit (TDLU) was established through the University of Tasmania in 2011 with the first dataset imported to its Master Linkage Map (MLM) during 2014. Tasmania an island state of Australia, has a population of approximately 516,000. From the TDLU’s earliest inception, it was deemed important to build a high quality linkage spine comprising key administrative data representative of significant state health and related datasets to support quality population level research.ApproachThe TDLU has embraced a model of continual quality and process enhancement as a determined strategy to support ongoing business improvement. Initial linkage approaches utilised ‘traditional’ methods of reviewing record pairs within an upper and lower confidence range. This approach resulted in false record pairs with high confidence levels being linked (false positives) and true record pairs at lower confidence levels not linked (false negatives). To improve linkage quality, the TDLU has continually refined and modified its clerical review methodology with a specialist software module developed to identify specific record attributes within groups that require the group to be manually reviewed and resolved. A range of SQL queries have also been developed to identify incorrect links and further enhance the linkage quality of the MLM.ResultsThe linkage quality tools implemented have led to improved clerical review and quality assurance processes which in turn have increased the overall quality of the linkage spine. The ‘targeted’ method of clerical review provides easy identification of false positive records, particularly those with high confidence scores such as twins and husband/wife combinations. The review of groups at lower confidence levels has minimised the rate of false negative pairs however further refinement of tools is required to minimise the time spent on reviewing these groups. The clerical review software module has equipped staff with the necessary information to make informed and timely decisions when reviewing groups of records. Detailed documentation is maintained for each linkage project providing continual feedback for system and process improvements as the linkage spine increases in size.ConclusionThe process of clerical review and quality assurance requires a commitment to continual refinement of tools and techniques resulting in a higher quality linkage spine and a reduction in the total time and resource required to link datasets.

scholarly journals Truthful Mechanism Design for Multiregion Mobile Crowdsensing

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Yu Qiao ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
Hao Cheng ◽  
Zilan Huang ◽  
Qiangqiang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Mechanism Design ◽  
Learning Systems ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Data Set ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Incentive Mechanisms ◽  
New Challenges

In the age of the development of artificial intelligence, we face the challenge on how to obtain high-quality data set for learning systems effectively and efficiently. Crowdsensing is a new powerful tool which will divide tasks between the data contributors to achieve an outcome cumulatively. However, it arouses several new challenges, such as incentivization. Incentive mechanisms are significant to the crowdsensing applications, since a good incentive mechanism will attract more workers to participate. However, existing mechanisms failed to consider situations where the crowdsourcer has to hire capacitated workers or workers from multiregions. We design two objectives for the proposed multiregion scenario, namely, weighted mean and maximin. The proposed mechanisms maximize the utility of services provided by a selected data contributor under both constraints approximately. Also, extensive simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of our proposed methods.

scholarly journals Improving the Quality of Positive Datasets for the Establishment of Machine Learning Models for pre-microRNA Detection

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Müşerref Duygu Saçar Demirci ◽  
Jens Allmer
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Positive Data ◽  
Mirna Detection ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of protein abundance and thus have a great impact on the resulting phenotype. It is, therefore, no wonder that they have been implicated in many diseases ranging from virus infections to cancer. This impact on the phenotype leads to a great interest in establishing the miRNAs of an organism. Experimental methods are complicated which led to the development of computational methods for pre-miRNA detection. Such methods generally employ machine learning to establish models for the discrimination between miRNAs and other sequences. Positive training data for model establishment, for the most part, stems from miRBase, the miRNA registry. The quality of the entries in miRBase has been questioned, though. This unknown quality led to the development of filtering strategies in attempts to produce high quality positive datasets which can lead to a scarcity of positive data. To analyze the quality of filtered data we developed a machine learning model and found it is well able to establish data quality based on intrinsic measures. Additionally, we analyzed which features describing pre-miRNAs could discriminate between low and high quality data. Both models are applicable to data from miRBase and can be used for establishing high quality positive data. This will facilitate the development of better miRNA detection tools which will make the prediction of miRNAs in disease states more accurate. Finally, we applied both models to all miRBase data and provide the list of high quality hairpins.

scholarly journals Oscillations in the Sun with SONG: Setting the scale for asteroseismic investigations

2019 ◽  
Vol 623 ◽  
pp. L9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fredslund Andersen ◽  
P. Pallé ◽  
J. Jessen-Hansen ◽  
K. Wang ◽  
F. Grundahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Scaling Relations ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Average Amplitude ◽  
Echelle Spectrograph ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Data Set ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
High Cadence

Context. We present the first high-cadence multiwavelength radial-velocity observations of the Sun-as-a-star, carried out during 57 consecutive days using the stellar échelle spectrograph at the Hertzsprung SONG Telescope operating at the Teide Observatory. Aims. Our aim was to produce a high-quality data set and reference values for the global helioseismic parameters νmax, ⊙ and Δν⊙ of the solar p-modes using the SONG instrument. The obtained data set or the inferred values should then be used when the scaling relations are applied to other stars showing solar-like oscillations observed with SONG or similar instruments. Methods. We used different approaches to analyse the power spectrum of the time series to determine νmax, ⊙: simple Gaussian fitting and heavy smoothing of the power spectrum. We determined Δν⊙ using the method of autocorrelation of the power spectrum. The amplitude per radial mode was determined using the method described in Kjeldsen et al. (2008, ApJ, 682, 1370). Results. We found the following values for the solar oscillations using the SONG spectrograph: νmax, ⊙ = 3141 ± 12 μHz, Δν⊙ = 134.98 ± 0.04 μHz, and an average amplitude of the strongest radial modes of 16.6 ± 0.4 cm s−1. These values are consistent with previous measurements with other techniques.

Compliance of subjects using electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePRO) in multinational prostate trials.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 232-232
Author(s):  
Susan M. Dallabrida
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Clinic Visits

232 Background: Patient Reported Outcomes (PRO) and electronic PRO (ePRO) are increasingly becoming an important aspect of cancer clinical trials and patient care, especially with regard to measuring drug efficacy, patient quality of life and drug safety. Subject compliance with completion of PRO/ePRO assessments is an important component for obtaining accurate and high-quality data when conducting clinical trials. It has been hypothesized that patient health status, length of time in a trial and country of origin, may affect compliance. Methods: To address this hypothesis, an operational analysis was conducted to assess oncology subject completion compliance of PRO reports using an electronic tablet to determine its suitability and performance in use. Toward this objective, the compliance of prostate cancer patients in completing three electronic questionnaires that were administered at clinic visits was evaluated. Subjects were asked to complete the Brief Pain Inventory – Short Form (BPI-SF) at every clinic visit. At some clinic visits, subjects were asked to additionally complete the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Prostate (FACT-P) and the Euro Quality of Life 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D). Questionnaires were completed electronically on the tablet. Percent completion was calculated as the number of questionnaires completed divided by the number of questionnaires expected, based on attended clinic visits compiled for this review and the administration schedule for the questionnaires. Results: This review draws on the experience of over 1,000 subjects from 21 countries, and describes the individual and overall compliance with the expected questionnaire completion, the variance between subsequent visits, and compliance by country. Conclusions: The collection of ePRO using a clinic-based tablet yielded a highly complete data set in prostate cancer subjects demonstrating that this is an effective and feasible approach for recording symptoms and quality of life assessments.

Marine CSEM of the Scarborough gas field, Part 1: Experimental design and data uncertainty

Geophysics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. E281-E299 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Myer ◽  
Steven Constable ◽  
Kerry Key ◽  
Michael E. Glinsky ◽  
Guimin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Perturbation Analysis ◽  
Data Uncertainty ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Resistive Layer ◽  
Mapping Tool ◽  
Marine Csem ◽  
Processing Techniques

We describe the planning, processing, and uncertainty analysis for a marine CSEM survey of the Scarborough gas field off the northwest coast of Australia, consisting of 20 transmitter tow lines and 144 deployments positioned along a dense 2D profile and a complex 3D grid. The purpose of this survey was to collect a high-quality data set over a known hydrocarbon prospect and use it to further the development of CSEM as a hydrocarbon mapping tool. Recent improvements in navigation and processing techniques yielded high-quality frequency domain data. Data pseudosections exhibit a significant anomaly that is laterally confined within the known reservoir location. Perturbation analysis of the uncertainties in the transmitter parameters yielded predicted uncertainties in amplitude and phase of just a few percent at close ranges. These uncertainties may, however, be underestimated. We introduce a method for more accurately deriving uncertainties using a line of receivers towed twice in opposite directions. Comparing the residuals for each line yields a Gaussian distribution directly related to the aggregate uncertainty of the transmitter parameters. Constraints on systematic error in the transmitter antenna dip and inline range can be calculated by perturbation analysis. Uncertainties are not equal in amplitude and phase, suggesting that inversion of these data would be better suited in these components rather than in real and imaginary components. One-dimensional inversion showed that the reservoir and a confounding resistive layer above it cannot be separately resolved even when the roughness constraint is modified to allow for jumps in resistivity and prejudices are provided, indicating that this level of detail is beyond the single-site CSEM data. Further, when range-dependent error bars are used, the resolution decreases at a shallower depth than when a fixed-error level is used.

scholarly journals Initial MST radar observations of upper tropospheric-lower stratospheric duct-like structures over Jicamarca, Peru

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 11085-11093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Li ◽  
S. Naqvi ◽  
A. J. Gerrard ◽  
J. L. Chau ◽  
Y. Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Atmospheric Fronts ◽  
Mst Radar ◽  
Wind Measurements

Abstract. Persistent wind jet structures along zonal and meridional fields, believed to be caused by stationary gravity waves, were detected in February 1999 in mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere (MST) radar wind measurements of the troposphere and lower stratosphere over Jicamarca, Peru. Over a continuous seven day span of MST-data analyzed in this study, two days of observations showed signatures of wave-like structures in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere wind jets associated with the phases of the stationary gravity waves. We believe these wave-like structures are ducted gravity waves. We present these initial observations, their characteristics, and the results of simple numerical simulations used in an attempt to mimic these observed features. Although a fair replication of the observed ducted structure in the numerical model is found, the observed period of ~90 min is nonetheless much longer than what is traditionally observed. As a result, the specific physical nature of the observed structures is not fully established. Nevertheless, given the high quality of the observations, we demonstrate here that continued analysis of this data set and concurrent modeling efforts will allow for a better understanding of Doppler ducts at high spatial and temporal resolution, and the results presented here can ultimately be applied to studies of middle atmospheric fronts, ducts, and bores.

scholarly journals Predictors of Persistent Neuropathic Pain – A Systematic Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 5;18 (5;9) ◽  
pp. 433-457
Author(s):  
Sabine Boogaard
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Radicular Pain ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Postsurgical Pain

Background: Characterization of the prognostic variables for persistent neuropathic pain (PNP) remains incomplete despite multiple articles addressing this topic. To provide more insight into the recovery and prognosis of neuropathic pain, high-quality data are required that provide information about the predictors that contribute to the development of PNP. Objective: To determine the methodological quality of studies about predictors for PNP and to summarize findings of predictors found in high-quality studies. Study Design: A systematic review. Setting: VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Methods: Studies were identified by searching the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Methodological quality of each article was independently assessed by 2 reviewers. Results: Forty-six relevant studies were identified, classified into 4 different neuropathic pain (NP)- syndromes: postherpetic neuralgia (n = 35), radicular pain and sciatica (n = 3), postsurgical pain (n = 6), and other types of NP (n = 2). Seven studies were of high quality. The 3 high-quality studies found for PHN reported male gender, older age, smoking, trauma at the site of lesion, missed antiviral prescriptions, higher acute pain severity, higher rash severity, more neuropathic characteristics, shorter rash duration, and a lower health status as predictors for PNP. For persistence of radicular pain one high-quality study reported negative outcome expectancies, pain-related fear of movement, and passive pain coping as predictors for PNP. Psychological distress, acute pain, breast cancer surgery, higher body mass index, area of secondary hyperalgesia, neuropathic characteristics, hypoesthesia, and hyperesthesia were found to be predictive for postsurgical pain in 3 high-quality studies. Limitations: Some publications may have been missed during literature search. The low-quality of the studies could be the result of an incomplete description of their methods. Conclusions: High-quality studies mainly assessed factors related to disease functions and structures. Due to shortcomings in methodological quality and limited areas of predictor selection, there is a need for high-quality studies focusing on predictor measurement, statistical analysis and the use of a standardized set of predictors. Key words: Neuropathic pain, persistent pain, systematic review, literature search, predictors, quality assessment, ICF-model

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