scholarly journals Evaluating extreme flood characteristics of small mountainous basins of the Black Sea coastal area, Northern Caucasus

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Lebedeva ◽  
O. M. Semenova ◽  
T. A. Vinogradova ◽  
M. N. Kruchin ◽  
N. V. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Stochastic Modelling ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Exceedance Probability ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Stochastic Weather Generator ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
Flood Characteristics

Abstract. The probability of heavy rains and river floods is expected to increase with time in the Northern Caucasus region. Densely populated areas in the valleys of small mountainous watersheds already frequently suffer from catastrophic peak floods caused by intense rains at higher elevations. This study aimed at assessing the flood characteristics of several small basins in the piedmont area of the Caucasus Mountains adjacent to the Black Sea coast including ungauged Cemes River in the Novorossiysk city. The Deterministic-Stochastic Modelling System which consists of hydrological model Hydrograph and stochastic weather generator was applied to evaluate extreme rainfall and runoff characteristics of 1% exceedance probability. Rainfall intensity is shown to play more significant role than its depth in formation of extreme flows within the studied region.

scholarly journals ‘THREE SEAS’ AREA PAN-REGIONAL SECURITY PROVISIONS AND ITS GEOPOLITICAL CONSEQUENCES – SECURITY DILEMMA VS. SECURITY DEADLOCK

2019 ◽  
Vol 2(13)/2019 (2(13)/2019) ◽  
pp. 63-77
Author(s):  
Vakhtang MAISAIA ◽  
Salome KARELI
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Security Dilemma ◽  
Hybrid Warfare ◽  
Political Condition ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Global Power ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
State Actors

The geostrategic area that generally could be labelled as the ‘Three Seas’(TSI) pan-region (Baltic Sea-Adriatic Sea-Black Sea geostrategic space) has already been described as a hotspot and as an unstable zone caused by interference of not only global but also regional hegemon powers. The main cause of instability by the global power actors is defined as being described as a ’New Cold War’ game where Eastern and Central Europe as well as the Black Sea zone are becoming a new geostrategic ‘Rimland’ for the game. The area is the primary sphere of major interests for political regional organizations, including the EU and NATO, with increasing importance of the area from a geostrategic standpoint. The instability clause is being inspired by new challenges – violent non-state actors (like DAESH, Al-Qaida, etc.), black transit transactions (drug and arms smuggling), all types of terrorist entities, separatism war-gamers, low intensified conflicts, violent human rights violations, etc. All of these factors lead toward the emergence of a hybrid warfare concept r in regional security stability. Asymmetric challenges imposed by hybrid warfare initiators caused more. Unfortunately all these new challenges cause the development of new types of security infringement with involvement of non-state actors in regional geopolitics can be newly identified as ‘National Security Deadlock’ – political ruleship of the country and special conditions of political condition when any decision taken by the political leadership more increases risks occasion from internal as well as external origins. The jargon introduced and invented by the author of the abstract, namely linked with the situation in the geostrategic area, including the Caucasus region. even actors of international security systems also inflame the situation in the region and reach up to a level of security dilemma. Hence, two security challenges are competing at the area and causing the most dangerous situation on the spot.

scholarly journals Black Sea Container Market and Georgia’s Positioning

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (31) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Irakli Danelia
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Road Project ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Sea Area

Due to the strategically important geographical location, Black Sea region has a key transit function throughout between Europe and Asia. Georgia, which is a part of Black sea area, has a vital transit function for Caucasus Region, as well as for whole New Silk Road area. Nevertheless, still there is no evidence what kind of role and place Georgia has in The Black Sea container market. As the country has ambition to be transit hub for containerizes cargo flows between west and east and is actively involved in the process of formation “One Belt One Road” project, it is very important to identify Country’s current circumstances, capacities and future potential. Because of this, the purpose of the study is to investigate cargo flows and opportunities of the Black Sea container market, level of competitiveness in the area and define Georgia’s positioning in the regional Container market.

scholarly journals QUANTIFICATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RISKS OF DEBRIS FLOWS FOR THE BLACK SEA COASTAL REGION OF THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Baburin ◽  
◽  
Sofia Gavrilova ◽  
Peter Koltermann ◽  
Yury Seliverstov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Social Risks

scholarly journals NORTHERN CAUCASUS

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
Irina Gabsatarova ◽  
L. Koroletski ◽  
A. Sayapina ◽  
S. Bagaeva ◽  
Z. Adilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
The North ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Digital Equipment

In 2014 a seismic network consisting of 60 stations, 57 of which were equipped with digital equipment, operated in the region. 1695 earthquakes and 63 explosions in industrial quarries were recorded within the region boundaries. In the settlements of the Caucasus, 21 earthquakes were felt. The maximum intensity did not exceed Imax=4 on the MSK-64 (SIS-17) scale. Such intensity was observed from earthquakes in the territories of Ingushetia–Chechnya and Azerbaijan. The aftershock process of the strong East Black Sea earthquake on December 23, 2012 (Мw=5.8) off the coast of Abkhazia continued. In 2014 about a hundred earthquakes with KP=5.3–9.5 were recorded. In the central part of Azov sea, two earthquakes with KP=9.9 and 7.4 were recorded in January and December. The earthquakes with intermediate depths in the Tersko-Caspian trough (Tersko-Sunzhenskaya zone) with КР> 9.5 were not recorded. Two strong earthquakes with KP=12 and intermediate depths occurred in the Kurin Depression of Azerbaijan and in the Caspian Sea. A swarm of weak earthquakes with КР=5.7–8.8 was recorded on December 13–15 in the Black Sea near Tuapse. In 2014 the most part of the earthquakes were recorded in the Tersko-Caspian and Kurin troughs, in the eastern part of the Greater Caucasus. According to the level of energy released, the seismicity of the territory of the North Caucasus in 2014 was characterized in accordance with the “SOUS-09” seismicity scale as “background average” for the observation period from 1962 to 2014.

scholarly journals Using the results of the deep geodynamic model of the Black Sea-Caucasus region for the search for new oil and gas area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.В. Гаврилов ◽  
А.Л. Харитонов
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Mantle Wedge ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Caucasus Region

Для устойчивого развития нефтегазовой промышленности Кавказского реги- она необходимо использовать все имеющиеся геолого-геофизические данные, в том числе и данные глубинных геодинамических исследований. На основе данных о конвективном выносе тепла из мантийного клина к 2D аномалии теплового потока, наблюдаемой на территории Кавказа, произведена оценка угла наклона мантийного клина и скорости субдукции Черно- морской литосферной микроплиты под литосферу Кавказского региона). Восходящие кон- вективные движения в мантии могут выносить мантийные известково-щелочные магмы (с содержащимися в них углеводородами) в приповерхностные слои осадочного чехла, и, следо- вательно, месторождения нефти и газа, должны быть приурочены к зонам, расположенным над конвективными вихрями. For the sustainable development of the oil and gas industry in the Caucasus region, it is necessary to use all available geological and geophysical data, including data from deep geodynamic studies. On the basis of data of convective carrying out of heat from a mantle wedge to 2D anomaly of a heat fl ux observed in the back of the territory of the Caucasus assessment of the angle of mantle wedge and speed of the subduction of the Black Sea the lithospheric micro plate under the lithosphere of the Caucasian region) is made. The ascending convective movements in the mantle can take out mantle calc-alkali magmas (with the metals which are contained in them) to a day surface, and, therefore, ore deposits probably have to be dated for zones of the raised heat fl ux, located over convective fl ows.

scholarly journals Hydro-meteorological preconditions and geomorphological consequences of extreme flood in the small river basin in the wet subtropical zone (the Tsanyk River case study, Sochi region)

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly S. Tsyplenkov ◽  
◽  
Nadezhda N. Ivanova ◽  
Dmitry V. Botavin ◽  
Yulia S. Kuznetsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Subtropical Zone ◽  
Water Level Rise ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Loose Sediments ◽  
Small River Basin

The overall increase in precipitation and the frequency of extreme rainfall is confirmed by several meteorological observations both on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. In this context, research on the drivers of an extreme meteorological event becoming a severe flood and an extreme geomorphological (erosion) event becomes especially important. The article analyses the factors contributing to the development of a flash flood on the watershed of the river Tsanyk (Great Sochi area) and estimates its geomorphological impact. Analysis of hydrologic-meteorological situation during the Tsanyk flood on 7-9 September 2018 and in the previous period showed that the event is unique for the investigated watershed from the hydrologic perspective. After a prolonged period without precipitation, the rainfall on 7-8 September resulted in a flash flood with a rapid water level rise (117 cm in 40 min). We determined the rates and volumes of channel erosion based on a repeated survey of the channel section, estimation of the speed and length of the banks being flushed out, composed of loose sediments and bedrock using the pin method. The amount of erosion on the banks composed of loosened sediments is on average 2-3 times higher than on the flysch banks. At the same time, the material export for one erosion event in September 2018 is comparable (or even exceeds) the total amount of bank erosion for the year, previously identified based on stationary observations.

MODELING OF DYNAMIC PROCESSES IN THE BLACK SEA AND ATMOSPHERE IN PERSPECTIVE OF THEIR COUPLING FOR THE BLACK SEA REGION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demuri Demetrashvili ◽  
Aleksandre Surmava ◽  
Vepkhia Kukhalashvili
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Atmospheric Dynamics ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Full System ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Basin Scale

"At the modern stage of the development of Geosciences, the study of hydrothermodynamic and ecological processes occurring in the natural environment (sea, atmosphere, soil), their monitoring and forecasting become very relevant and are a necessary condition for sustainable development of society. The Caucasus region is one of the most difficult regions of the world from the point of view its physical and geographical features. These features include the Black and Caspian Seas and the complex terrain of the Caucasus. The Seas and the atmosphere are unified hydrodynamic systems, between subsystems of which processes of an exchange of energies, momentum and substances continuously take place. One of the most effective ways to study natural and environmental processes is methods of mathematical modeling, which allows reproducing these processes and phenomena and studying the quantitative contribution of various factors to the development of such processes. The purpose of the paper is to discuss the models of the Black Sea and atmospheric dynamics developed at M. Nodia Institute of Geophysics of I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, and some results of their implementation. The model of the Black Sea dynamics is based on a full system of ocean hydro-thermodynamics equations. Its high-resolution version, which is nested in the basin-scale model of the Black Sea dynamics of Marine Hydrophysical Institute (MHI, Sevastopol), is used to forecast main hydrophysical fields for the easternmost part of the Black Sea. The model of the atmospheric dynamics is based on a full system of atmospheric hydro-thermodynamics equations in hydrostatic approximation written in the terrain-following coordinate system and is realized for the extended territory including the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea and Black and Caspian seas and for the Caucasus region. These models, after some modification will form the basis of the coupled Black Sea-atmosphere limited-area modeling system."

Abkhazia: Patronage and Power in the Stalin Era

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Blauvelt
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Political ◽  
The South ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Stalin Era ◽  
Political Networks ◽  
Great Leader ◽  
Autonomous Republic

Abkhazia during the Stalin era was at the same time a subtropical haven where the great leader and his lieutenants built grand dachas and took extended holidays away from Moscow, and also a key piece in the continuing chess match of Soviet politics. This paper will examine how and why this small, sunny autonomous republic on the Black Sea, and the political networks that developed there, played a prominent role in the politics of the south Caucasus region and in Soviet politics as a whole during the Stalin period.

scholarly journals Non-stationary Investigation of Extreme Rainfall

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1620-1633
Author(s):  
Sertac Oruc
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Scale Parameter ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Precipitation Regime ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Hourly Data ◽  
The Impact

Natural or human-induced variability emerged from investigation of the traditional stationary assumption regarding extreme precipitation analyses. The frequency of extreme rainfall occurrence is expected to increase in the future and neglecting these changes will result in the underestimation of extreme events. However, applications of extremes accept the stationarity that assumes no change over time. Thus, non-stationarity of extreme precipitation of 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes and 1-, 3-, 6-, and 24-hour data of 17 station in the Black Sea region were investigated in this study. Using one stationary and three non-stationary models for every station and storm duration, 136 stationary and 408 non-stationary models were constructed and compared. The results are presented as non-stationarity impact maps across the Black Sea Region to visualize the results, providing information about the spatial variability and the magnitude of impact as a percentage difference. Results revealed that nonstationary (NST) models outperformed the stationary model for almost all precipitation series at the 17 stations. The model in which time dependent location and scale parameter used (Model 1), performed better among the three different time variant non-stationary models (Model 1 as time variant location and scale parameters, Model 2 as time variant location parameter, and Model 3 as time variant scale parameter). Furthermore, non-stationary impacts exhibited site-specific behavior: Higher magnitudes of non-stationary impacts were observed for the eastern Black Sea region and the coastal line. Moreover, the non-stationary impacts were more explicit for the sub-hourly data, such as 5 minutes or 15 minutes, which can be one of the reasons for severe and frequent flooding events across the region. The results of this study indicate the importance of the selected covariate and the inclusion of it for the reliability of the model development. Spatial and temporal distribution of the nonstationary impacts and their magnitude also urges to further investigation of the impact on precipitation regime, intensification, severity. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091748 Full Text: PDF

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document