scholarly journals Trends in the evolution of ecology: “Spain is different”

Web Ecology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cordero Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Temporal Development ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
University Department ◽  
Evolutionary Concepts ◽  
Special Case

Abstract. During the last fifty years ecology has matured as a scientific discipline. In this paper I analyse the temporal development of the paradigm based on physical systems (the ecosystem paradigm), and the evolutionary ecology paradigm. I first analyse the contents of 61 textbooks to calculate the relative importance of ecosystem and evolutionary ecology in the training of new generations of ecologists. Results indicate that the evolutionary approach is becoming more important since 1980, and now most textbooks dedicate 10–20% of their pages to evolutionary concepts. In a second analysis I searched the names of ecology departments in universities around the world, and found out conspicuous differences between USA, where 43% of addresses associate ecology and evolution or behaviour on the same department, and Europe, where only 10% of ecology departments also include a reference to evolution or behaviour in their name. In both analyses Spain seems to follow only the ecosystem paradigm, because Spanish textbooks dedicate almost no pages to evolutionary concepts, and there is not a single university department that includes ecology and evolution. A further bibliometric study confirmed that Spanish ecologists prefer to publish their research in general ecology journals, and are under-represented in evolutionary ecology journals. I discuss the importance of historical factors on the development of paradigms of ecology, and the special case of Spain, likely due to the influence of pioneers working in oceanography, limnology and geography.

scholarly journals Financeirização e novos espaços de acumulação: um estudo das transformações da Hering após 1960

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Follmann Jurgenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
World Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Special Case

RESUMO: Este artigo discute as transformações da empresa Hering, desde sua origem até a primeira década dos anos 2000. Dentro deste período, ressalta-se o pós-1960, quando a crise no capitalismo mundial se evidencia, embora suas repercussões no Brasil sejam sentidas mais tardiamente, nos anos 1980, com grande impacto no setor têxtil nacional especialmente nos anos 1990. É neste período que há a abertura econômica, em meio a uma política econômica neoliberal. A partir de um estudo de caso, este artigo, discutirá, portanto, importantes mudanças do capitalismo mundial em anos mais recentes, no que diz respeito à financeirização e a busca de novos espaços de acumulação por uma grande corporação como a Hering. ABSTRACT: This article discusses the transformations of Hering, since its origins until the first decade of 2000’s. During this period, it’s very important to analyze the post-1960, when a world crisis breaks out, even though its effects in Brazil only had occurred during the 1980’s, with enormous impact in the textile industry in the 1990’s. During this decade, there was the opening of the Brazilian economy, conducted by a neoliberal agenda. Studying a special case, this article debates the most important changes in the world capitalism in recent years particularly related to financialization and the searching of new spaces for accumulation by a great corporation like Hering.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI KEPENTINGAN RELATIF KONSUMEN TERHADAP ROBOT REHABILITASI PASIEN PASCA STROKE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN CONJOINT ANALYSIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Hasan Mastrisiswadi ◽  
Herianto Herianto
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Rehabilitation Robot ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The World

Robot rehabilitasi pasien pasca stroke saat ini telah dikembangkan oleh negara-negara maju di dunia, tidak terkecuali Indonesia meskipun sebagai negara berkembang. Salah satu pengembang robot rehabilitasi pasien pasca stroke itu berada di Universitas Gadjah Mada yang telah melakukan penelitian beberapa tahun ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kepentingan relatif konsumen terhadap robot rehabilitasi pasien pasca stroke untuk kemudian digunakan sebagai bahan masukan dalam pengembangan robot selanjutnya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Conjoint Analysis. Metode ini memiliki keunggulan dalam menganalisis trade off antar atribut. Dari hasil pengolahan Conjoint Analysis dengan bantuan program SPSS, dapat diketahui bahwa kebutuhan konsumen paling tinggi terhadap robot rehabilitasi pasien stroke adalah  dapat dipasangkan ke tangan pasien dengan mudah, baru setelah itu kemampuannya untuk dipakai di kedua tangan (kanan dan kiri) dan material yang digunakan dalam pembuatan robot haruslah aman bagi pasien.AbstractPost-stroke rehabilitation robot has been developed in the world, including Indonesia as a developing country. One of this robot developers is Universitas Gadjah Mada who has conducted research for post stroke rehabilitation robot in recent years. This study aims to identify the consumer’s relative importance of the  post-stroke rehabilitation robot that can be used for the next robot development. The method used in this study is Conjoint Analysis. This method has the advantage in analyzing trade-offs between attributes. From this research, we have known that the highest rank of the robot consumer needs are: can be attached to the patient's hand with ease, the ability to be used in both hands (right and left) and the movement of the robot which can be varied according to the needs of the patient.

Socio-cultural, Acoustic, and Environmental Imperatives in the World of Singing

2014 ◽  
pp. 412-430
Author(s):  
Robert Walker
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Vocal Music ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
The West ◽  
Popular Entertainment ◽  
Cultural System ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Cultural Behavior ◽  
The World

The practices of vocal music described in this chapter reflect major differences in cultural thinking, comparing those of non-literate societies with that of the West. The rise of vocally based noise music in popular entertainment is discussed as an example of an ersatz form of cultural behavior. The relative importance of acoustic analysis and socio-cultural contexts in the explanation of vocal practices is discussed. It cannot be claimed that a more sophisticated science or mathematics has produced a more powerful or efficient mode of vocal expression. Each cultural system and set of vocal practices has its own integrity and its own relevance to understanding the human condition, and it is only by studying the different vocal practices from within such contexts that their value to humanity as a whole can be appreciated.

scholarly journals Avian malaria: a new lease of life for an old experimental model to study the evolutionary ecology of Plasmodium

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1675) ◽  
pp. 20140300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Pigeault ◽  
Julien Vézilier ◽  
Stéphane Cornet ◽  
Flore Zélé ◽  
Antoine Nicot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Avian Malaria ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Plasmodium Relictum ◽  
Natural Vector ◽  
The World ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Statistical Relationships

Avian malaria has historically played an important role as a model in the study of human malaria, being a stimulus for the development of medical parasitology. Avian malaria has recently come back to the research scene as a unique animal model to understand the ecology and evolution of the disease, both in the field and in the laboratory. Avian malaria is highly prevalent in birds and mosquitoes around the world and is amenable to laboratory experimentation at each stage of the parasite's life cycle. Here, we take stock of 5 years of experimental laboratory research carried out using Plasmodium relictum SGS1, the most prevalent avian malaria lineage in Europe, and its natural vector, the mosquito Culex pipiens . For this purpose, we compile and analyse data obtained in our laboratory in 14 different experiments. We provide statistical relationships between different infection-related parameters, including parasitaemia, gametocytaemia, host morbidity (anaemia) and transmission rates to mosquitoes. This analysis provides a wide-ranging picture of the within-host and between-host parameters that may bear on malaria transmission and epidemiology.

scholarly journals Cephalopods in marine predator diet assessments: why identifying upper and lower beaks is important

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1857-1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
José C. Xavier ◽  
Richard A. Phillips ◽  
Yves Cherel
Keyword(s):  
Marine Science ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Marine Predator ◽  
Predator Diet ◽  
Cephalopod Species ◽  
Diomedea Exulans ◽  
Wandering Albatross ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts

AbstractXavier, J. C., Phillips, R. A., and Cherel, Y. 2011. Cephalopods in marine predator diet assessments: why identifying upper and lower beaks is important. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1857–1864. Cephalopods are components of the diet of many predators worldwide. They are identified mainly using their chitinized upper and lower beaks, but because it has been assumed that the number of upper and lower beaks would be the same in predator diet samples, more effort has been put into creating keys for the lower beaks, which are more easily identifiable from morphology. A test is made of whether the number of upper and lower beaks differs in diet samples collected from a major cephalopod predator, the wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans), potential biases in the estimation of predator diets are assessed, and upper:lower beak ratios in published studies of other seabirds, seals, whales, and fish from different parts of the world reviewed. The ratio of upper to lower beaks in diet samples from wandering albatrosses varied greatly in a single year (from 69.6% more lower beaks to 59% more upper beaks), and between years (from 0.5 to 32.1% more upper beaks), and biases were greater for certain cephalopod species, resulting in underestimation of their relative importance. Future studies need to consider using both upper and lower beaks to improve the assessment of the contribution of different cephalopods to predator diets.

Acarology

2001 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Addition ◽  
Parasitic Mites ◽  
Livestock Diseases

Acarology: Proceedings of the 10th International Congress is a timely overview of the current international research mites and ticks. The outcome of a conference of leading acarologists, it presents major reviews of all current areas of research including: advances in acarine biodiversity and systematics human and livestock diseases transmitted by ticks and other parasitic mites interactions between mites and their food plants mites as biological control agents use of genetic markers in mite population studies mites as bioindicators ecology and biology of soil mites mite evolutionary ecology and reproduction advances in acarine diversity and systematics The 90 papers in the book represent some of the best research from leading international researchers from over 50 countries, and helps to establish priorities for future research. All papers have been peer reviewed and edited. Acarology is a comprehensive and important addition to the world literature on mites, and is an essential addition to all acarological and entomological reference collections.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the Early Response to COVID-19: Data Analysis and Modelling

Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Bertone ◽  
Martin Jason Luna Juncal ◽  
Rafaela Keiko Prado Umeno ◽  
Douglas Alves Peixoto ◽  
Khoi Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Models ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Model Potential ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
The World ◽  
Online Sources ◽  
Bayesian Network Models

Governments around the world have introduced a number of stringent policies to try to contain COVID-19 outbreaks, but the relative importance of such measures, in comparison to the community response to these restrictions, the amount of testing conducted, and the interconnections between them, is not well understood yet. In this study, data were collected from numerous online sources, pre-processed and analysed, and a number of Bayesian Network models were developed, in an attempt to unpack such complexity. Results show that early, high-volume testing was the most crucial factor in successfully monitoring and controlling the outbreaks; when testing was low, early government and community responses were found to be both critical in predicting how rapidly cases and deaths grew in the first weeks of the outbreak. Results also highlight that in countries with low early test numbers, the undiagnosed cases could have been up to five times higher than the officially diagnosed cases. The conducted analysis and developed models can be refined in the future with more data and variables, to understand/model potential second waves of contagions.

The future of phonetics

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus J. Kohler
Keyword(s):  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Past History ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Speech Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
Phonetic Study

This paper sets out from a global definition of phonetics as ‘the study of the spoken medium of language’ in the broadest sense, whose goal is the description, modelling and explanation of speech communication in the languages of the world. Within this overall scientific frame, three general perspectives are distinguished — ‘speech signal analysis’, ‘historical linguistics and sound change’, ‘phonetics of the languages of the world’ — under which a wide array of specific questions, including applications, e.g. in language teaching, speech therapy and speech technology, may be subsumed. The three perspectives are outlined individually and in relation to each other, also with regard to their separate historical developments in the study of language and speech. The modem integration of the three perspectives into the unified paradigm of ‘phonetic or experimental phonology’ is then illustrated with reference to recent research at some leading phonetics labs around the world. From this examination of past history and present-day state-of-the-art of what is considered to be the core paradigm for phonetic study, conclusions are drawn for future research and teaching on the basis of this paradigm. In the shaping of phonetics as a scientific discipline, a strong plea is put forward for scientific, explanatory integration rather than modular, taxonomic diversification of the subject.

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