scholarly journals The Impact of Religious and Cultural Beliefs Towards Immunization in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Eman Anwar ◽  
Mohammad Fawad Saeeduddin ◽  
Yasmeen Mahar ◽  
Sahal Salman ◽  
Rabia Javed
Keyword(s):  
Strong Influence ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
International Funding ◽  
The World ◽  
Vaccine Confidence ◽  
The Impact

Pakistan is one of the only two countries in the world where poliomyelitis virus is still not eradicated. Efforts from government such as Expanded Programme on Immunizations (EPI), which has received ample international funding, have not been successful as some sub-sections of population have a negative attitude towards vaccinations. These people generally belong to areas with a lack of education as well as strong influence of religious leaders, who are known to perpetuate misconceptions that the purpose of vaccinations is to sterilize future generations, they are not made from halal products, or are an agenda by Western intelligence agencies to gather information. Also, there are other cultural and social barriers, such as lack of female vaccinators and concerns about their handling. The stance of local people is compared with Muslim leaders and laws of other Islamic countries. Furthermore, a global vaccine confidence survey is discussed to evaluate Pakistan’s position in the broader context.

The Women of the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe Reservation

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Claradina Soto ◽  
Toni Handboy ◽  
Ruth Supranovich ◽  
Eugenia L. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cheyenne River

This chapter describes the impact of colonialism on indigenous women with a focus on the experience of the Lakota women on the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe Reservation in South Dakota. It explores the experiences of indigenous women as related to history, culture, intrapersonal violence, and internalized oppression. A case study of a Lakota woman is provided as an example of strength and triumph in overcoming adversity and being empowered despite the challenges of marginalization faced by many Native Americans in the United States and indigenous women throughout the world. The chapter discusses how readers can be advocates and actively engage in decolonizing and dismantling systems of oppression to protect future generations and to allow indigenous communities to heal and revitalize.

scholarly journals Mengasah Kepedulian Masyarakat di tengah Pandemi COVID-19 untuk Persiapan Menghadapi Era New Normal

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Maftuhah Maftuhah ◽  
Eni Zulfa Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
New Normal ◽  
The World ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wuhan Area

Covid-19 hit many countries in the world including Indonesia. Almost all countries are haunted by this virus. The origin of this virus emerged from the Wuhan area of China. This virus spreads rapidly and is deadly. Transmission through physical contact is transmitted through the mouth, eyes and nose. Covid-19 has an impact on social life and the weakening of the people's economy. The background of this writing is because many Indonesians think that Covid does not have Covid as a conspiracy or think that Covid is not dangerous. The purpose of this research is to discuss how to prepare and treat the virus that is currently endemic throughout the world. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive method. The results of the study concluded that the impact of covid 19 caused social problems, weakening the economy of the community and the state, to prevent the spread of covid-19, cooperation from the government, community, religious leaders is needed to help each other, work hand in hand and remind each other together against Covid-19.Keywords: Covid-19, New Normal Era, Social and Economic Problems. Abstrak Covid-19 melanda banyak Negara di dunia termasuk Indonesia. Hampir seluruh negara di hantui oleh virus ini. Awal mula virus ini muncul dari daerah Wuhan Cina. Virus ini menyebar dengan cepat dan mematikan. Penularannya melalui kontak fisik ditularkan melalui mulut, mata dan hidung. Covid-19 berdampak kepada kehidupan sosial dan melemahnya perekonomian masyarakat. Latar belakang penulisan ini karena banyak masyarakat Indonesia yang menganggap covid ini tidak ada covid ini sebagai suatu konspirasi atau menganggap covid tidak berbahaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membahas bagaimana persiapan serta penanggulangan terhadap adanya virus yang sedang mewabah di seluruh dunia ini. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan dampak covid 19 menimbulkan masalah sosial pelemahan ekonomi masyarakat dan negara,untuk mencegah penyebaran covid-19 diperlukan kerjasama pemerintah, masyarakat, tokoh agama untuk saling bantu membantu, bahu membahu dan saling mengingatkan satu sama lain bersama melawan covid-19. Kata Kunci: Penyebaran Covid-19, Era New Normal, Persoalan Sosial dan Ekonomi

scholarly journals Dietary Practices Among Pregnant Women in Rural Amhara, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 698-698
Author(s):  
Firehiwot Workneh ◽  
Michelle Eglovitch ◽  
Tigest Shiferaw ◽  
Fisseha Shiferie ◽  
Hanna Amanuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Rural Ethiopia ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Objectives Malnutrition affects 25% of women in Ethiopia. We are conducting a study to determine the impact of a prenatal nutrition intervention on maternal and infant health in Ethiopia. The objective of this formative study was to better describe dietary practices among pregnant women and community members in rural Ethiopia prior to initiation the parent study. Methods This formative study was conducted from October-November 2018 among pregnant women and community members in the rural Amhara region of Ethiopia, prior to the “Enhancing Nutrition and Antenatal Infection Treatment (ENAT)” study [ISRCTN15116516]. 28 in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted among 16 pregnant women and 12 community members. IDIs were recorded, transcribed, and translated. We used a grounded theory approach and inductive reasoning for content analysis of interview transcripts. Results Fasting norms in the Ethiopian Orthodox religion had a significant impact on dietary behaviors which occurs for more than 200 days annually. Community members indicated that fasting during pregnancy is common and is also supported and encouraged by religious leaders and community members. Accordingly, women adhered to fasting restrictions during pregnancy, and many women maintained a vegan diet under direction of local religious leaders. Furthermore, many women reported restricting dietary intake in pregnancy to prevent growth of the fetus because of the concern for obstructed labor. A women's diet depended on her husbands’/family earnings and household food preferences. Sharing of meals is a cultural norm; the husband is served first, with the remaining portions to the pregnant women/children. Pregnant women in the area also reported regular consumption of a locally brewed alcohol (“tella”), as it is believed to have lower alcohol levels. These findings demonstrate the impact of traditional and cultural beliefs on dietary decisions amongst pregnant women in this population. Conclusions Reduced food intake in pregnancy is common in this population, due to fasting, reduced appetite, and food restriction to avoid pregnancy complications. Context-specific interventions are needed, and this formative work will inform the future delivery and education regarding nutrition interventions in rural Ethiopia. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1184363).

scholarly journals The impact of health education on attitudes of parents and religious leaders towards female genital mutilation

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Deldar Morad Abdulah ◽  
Angela Dawson ◽  
Bewar Abdulaziz Sedo
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Female Genital

BackgroundPrevious studies conducted in Iraqi Kurdistan have reported that parent’s decisions to circumcise their daughters are based on religious or cultural beliefs. Despite the widespread practice of female genital mutilation (FGM), the effectiveness of educational strategies to change attitudes towards FGM has not been examined in this region. The present investigation examined the effectiveness of a short-term educational intervention to change the attitudes of parents and religious leaders towards FGM.Methods192 Mullahs (religious leaders), 212 Mokhtars (traditional leaders) and 523 parents in rural areas in Iraqi Kurdistan were invited to participate in a pre- and post-test community-based interventional study in 2017. The Health Belief Model informed the intervention, and participants’ attitudes were compared across two stages of the study.ResultsThe attitudes of Mullahs, Mokhtars and parents substantially changed from a position of supporting female circumcision to expressing a wish to abandon the practice and not cut their future daughters (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.42; OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.04 and OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.18, respectively).ConclusionsThe present study suggests that brief educational interventions can be an effective strategy for changing the attitudes of parents and public leaders towards FGM. Health education is a useful strategy for changing attitudes. However, such interventions must be delivered alongside other strategies to ensure a multifaceted approach to addressing complex social dynamics. A comprehensive public health approach is, therefore, necessary that includes legal measures, community-based action and an appropriate health system approach.

scholarly journals The Impact of Myths, Superstition and Harmful Cultural Beliefs against Albinism in Tanzania: A Human Rights Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Kajiru Ines ◽  
Nyimbi Isaack
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The World ◽  
Awareness Raising ◽  
Erroneous Beliefs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Superstitious Beliefs

It cannot be denied that myths and superstitions have endured through history and that people have been affected by them since the beginning of time. Superstitious beliefs and myths that result in the victimization of persons with albinism (PWA) are centuries old, are present in cultural attitudes and practised around the world. In Africa and in Tanzania in particular, PWAs have also been targeted because of harmful speculation and unfounded myths which place their lives at risk. As members of society PWA have human rights that need to be protected against any kind of violation, particularly against being killed, tortured and discriminated against. This article analyses various legal provisions that protect the rights of PWA as articulated in various UN covenants and conventions as well as regional treaties and national laws. Secondary data are consulted to examine the extent of the erroneous beliefs which heavily fuel the persecution and killing of PWA. It is found that there are deep-seated myths, superstitions and harmful cultural beliefs the existence of which seems to pose a serious obstacle to the implementation of the law and the protection of the rights of PWA in Tanzania. The article recommends awareness-raising and education in general for Tanzanian society as an approach towards the protection of PWA.

The Instruments of the Stabilization Fund: The Experience and Prospects

2004 ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mst. Afanasiev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
The World

Сreation of the stabilization fund has become the main feature of the Russian federal budget for 2004. This instrument provides the opportunity to reduce the dependence of budget incomes on the fluctuations of oil prices. The accepted model does not consider the world experience in building of such funds as the "funds for future generations", and the increase of other revenues from the growing oil prices as well. That can lead to shortening and immobilization of the financial basis of economic growth.

Exploring the World Trade Organisation's Trade and Environment/Public Health Jurisprudence as a Model for Incorporating a Trade–Labour Linkage into the Organisation's Multilateral Trade Regime: Should African Countries Accept a Policy Shift?

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Tapiwa V. Warikandwa ◽  
Patrick C. Osode
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Trade Regime ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
The Impact

The incorporation of a trade-labour (standards) linkage into the multilateral trade regime of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been persistently opposed by developing countries, including those in Africa, on the grounds that it has the potential to weaken their competitive advantage. For that reason, low levels of compliance with core labour standards have been viewed as acceptable by African countries. However, with the impact of WTO agreements growing increasingly broader and deeper for the weaker and vulnerable economies of developing countries, the jurisprudence developed by the WTO Panels and Appellate Body regarding a trade-environment/public health linkage has the potential to address the concerns of developing countries regarding the potential negative effects of a trade-labour linkage. This article argues that the pertinent WTO Panel and Appellate Body decisions could advance the prospects of establishing a linkage of global trade participation to labour standards without any harm befalling developing countries.

Modernism, Empiricism, and Rationalism

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Squires
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Irish Poetry ◽  
Dimensional Spectrum ◽  
Culture History ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rule Out

Modernism is usually defined historically as the composite movement at the beginning of the twentieth century which led to a radical break with what had gone before in literature and the other arts. Given the problems of the continuing use of the concept to cover subsequent writing, this essay proposes an alternative, philosophical perspective which explores the impact of rationalism (what we bring to the world) on the prevailing empiricism (what we take from the world) of modern poetry, which leads to a concern with consciousness rather than experience. This in turn involves a re-conceptualisation of the lyric or narrative I, of language itself as a phenomenon, and of other poetic themes such as nature, culture, history, and art. Against the background of the dominant empiricism of modern Irish poetry as presented in Crotty's anthology, the essay explores these ideas in terms of a small number of poets who may be considered modernist in various ways. This does not rule out modernist elements in some other poets and the initial distinction between a poetics of experience and one of consciousness is better seen as a multi-dimensional spectrum that requires further, more detailed analysis than is possible here.

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