Tongue Thrust in Breast-Fed and Bottle-Fed School Children: A Cross-Cultural Investigation

To investigate the frequency of tongue-thrust swallowing in a breast-fed population and in a bottlefed population, 110 Navajo and 149 non-Indian children within the 7-to 13-year age range were individually tested. Frequency of tongue-thrust swallowing was 65% in the breast-fed (Navajo) sample and 81 % in the predominantly bottle-fed (non-Indian) sample. This difference was statistically significant. On the basis of a parent questionnaire, two subgroups were formed from the predominantly bottle-fed (non-Indian) sample. They were composed of a) 59 totally bottle-fed non-Indian children and b) 31 nonIndian children who had been breast-fed four months or longer. No statistical difference in terms of tongue-thrust swallowing was found between the two subgroups. However, a statistical difference was found when each of the two subgroups was compared separately with the breastfed Indian sample. Statistically more tongue-thrust swallowing existed in a totally bottle-fed group and in a group which had been breast-fed from four to twelve months than in the Navajo group which had been breast-fed from 18 to 36 months. The relationship between method of feeding in infancy and undue prolongation of tonguethrust swallowing clearly merits further investigation.

Download Full-text

Relation of Parental Strictness to Competitive and Cooperative Attitudes of Primary School Children

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1984.54.3.864 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 864-866

Author(s):

Ezra K. Arap-Maritim

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Child Rearing ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Cultural Research ◽

Cross Cultural Research ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

This study was undertaken to assess the nature of the relationship of parental strictness to competitive and cooperative attitudes of primary school children as measured by Minnesota School Affect Assessment. On the competitive items 109 boys did not score significantly higher than 119 girls but the girls scored higher than the boys on the cooperative items. Girls perceived their parents as being more strict than boys. For boys a significant correlation was found between parental strictness items and competitiveness, whereas for girls both competitiveness and cooperativeness showed significant correlation with parental strictness. The children apparently expressed attitudes about their parents that were strongly correlated to their sex differences in attitudes. More cross-cultural research on specific child-rearing variables is recommended using valid and reliable measures such as the Minnesota School Affect Assessment.

Download Full-text

Variation in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence across districts, schools and classes: baseline measurements from a cohort of primary and secondary school children in Switzerland

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047483 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. e047483

Author(s):

Agne Ulyte ◽

Thomas Radtke ◽

Irene Alma Abela ◽

Sarah R Haile ◽

Jacob Blankenberger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary School ◽

School Children ◽

Serological Test ◽

Adult Population ◽

Credible Interval ◽

Registration Number ◽

Age Range ◽

The Relationship ◽

Primary And Secondary School

ObjectivesTo determine the variation in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in school children and the relationship with self-reported symptoms.DesignBaseline measurements of a longitudinal cohort study (Ciao Corona) from June to July 2020.Setting55 schools stratified by district in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland.Participants2585 children (1339 girls; median age: 11 years, age range: 6–16 years), attending grades 1–2, 4–5 and 7–8.Main outcome measuresVariation in seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in children across 12 cantonal districts, schools and grades, assessed using Luminex-based test of four epitopes for IgG, IgA and IgM (Antibody Coronavirus Assay,ABCORA 2.0). Clustering of cases within classes. Association of seropositivity and symptoms. Comparison with seroprevalence in adult population, assessed using Luminex-based test of IgG and IgA (Sensitive Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Trimer Immunoglobulin Serological test).ResultsOverall seroprevalence was 2.8% (95% CI 1.5% to 4.1%), ranging from 1.0% to 4.5% across districts. Seroprevalence in grades 1–2 was 3.8% (95% CI 2.0% to 6.1%), in grades 4–5 was 2.4% (95% CI 1.1% to 4.2%) and in grades 7–8 was 1.5% (95% CI 0.5% to 3.0%). At least one seropositive child was present in 36 of 55 (65%) schools and in 44 (34%) of 131 classes where ≥5 children and ≥50% of children within the class were tested. 73% of children reported COVID-19-compatible symptoms since January 2020, with the same frequency in seropositive and seronegative children for all symptoms. Seroprevalence of children and adults was similar (3.2%, 95% credible interval (CrI) 1.7% to 5.0% vs 3.6%, 95% CrI 1.7% to 5.4%). The ratio of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cumulative incidence-to-seropositive cases was 1:89 in children and 1:12 in adults.ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was low in children and similar to that in adults by the end of June 2020. Very low ratio of diagnosed-to-seropositive children was observed. We did not detect clustering of SARS-CoV-2-seropositive children within classes, but the follow-up of this study will shed more light on transmission within schools.Trial registration numberNCT04448717.

Download Full-text

THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF COUNTING-OUT RHYMES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUSICAL ABILITIES IN PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN

Zbornik radova 18 ◽

10.51728/issn.2637-1480.2019.15.163 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 163-170

Author(s):

Indira Meškić

Keyword(s):

School Children ◽

Contemporary Music ◽

Special Importance ◽

Music Pedagogy ◽

Musical Ability ◽

Musical Activity ◽

Starting Point ◽

Age Range ◽

The Relationship ◽

Musical Activities

The aim of this paper was by relying on the relevant theoretical sources to enlighten the role and significance of counting-out rhymes in the development of preschool children’s musical abilities. The starting point was the fact that contemporary music pedagogy more often maintains the stance that all children are quite musically talented and capable of performing musical activities, although their achievements are of unequal quality. It is emphasized that a child’s musical ability is demonstrated through musical sensibility (hearing which implies sensitivity for the height and strength of musical tones, the sound colors, the relationship between tones based on their length) and the arousal of interests in music (which as a cognitive, emotional and voluntary reaction of a child to music can be interpreted as children's musicality). It is also pointed out that counting-out rhymes, as a type of musical activities, present the child’s most musical poetic, rhythmic and metric creativity, and that their specificity is that the counting-out rhymes stand out as children's creativity mirroring the beauty (educational, emotional, aesthetic) in the unbreakable bond between the creators and the performers of the same content within the same age range. Furthermore, it is highlighted that children interact with each other creating musical content and musical activity, and the specificity of such collaboration is that some counting-out rhymes reflect the environment (the region) in which a child as a creator lives, so, not rarely, the same counting-out rhyme undergoes a change when transferred to another environment, and thus it appears as a new version (variant) of the same counting-out rhyme. The special importance of counting-out rhymes is observed in the correlation with other contents and children activities.

Download Full-text

Cross-Cultural Study of the Relationship among Academic Performance, Test Anxiety, Intelligence, and Sex

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1984.55.2.343 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 343-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Henk M. Van Der Ploeg ◽

Ronald E. Hulshof

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Secondary School ◽

Test Anxiety ◽

School Children ◽

Performance Test ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Cross Cultural Study ◽

Lower Intelligence ◽

The Relationship ◽

High Test

The administration of the Dutch adaptation of the Spielberger Test Anxiety Inventory to secondary school children has been described. The debilitating effects of high test anxiety, and especially of the worry component, on performance were nested in the upper range of intelligence. Boys and girls with lower intelligence achieved less and were less influenced by the impairing effects of test anxiety.

Download Full-text

Of Frames and Cultures - A Cross-Cultural Comparison of TV Newscasts

Zeitschrift für Medienpsychologie ◽

10.1026/1617-6383.18.4.160 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 160-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maria Senokozlieva ◽

Oliver Fischer ◽

Gary Bente ◽

Nicole Krämer

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Arab World ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Cultural Comparison ◽

Explorative Study ◽

Cross Cultural Comparison ◽

Tv News ◽

The Usa ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. TV news are essentially cultural phenomena. Previous research suggests that the often-overlooked formal and implicit characteristics of newscasts may be systematically related to culture-specific characteristics. Investigating these characteristics by means of a frame-by-frame content analysis is identified as a particularly promising methodological approach. To examine the relationship between culture and selected formal characteristics of newscasts, we present an explorative study that compares material from the USA, the Arab world, and Germany. Results indicate that there are many significant differences, some of which are in line with expectations derived from cultural specifics. Specifically, we argue that the number of persons presented as well as the context in which they are presented can be interpreted as indicators of Individualism/Collectivism. The conclusions underline the validity of the chosen methodological approach, but also demonstrate the need for more comprehensive and theory-driven category schemes.

Download Full-text

A multilevel investigation of the relationship of emotional intelligence and mental health in secondary school children

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e734412011-021 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Wigelsworth

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Secondary School ◽

School Children ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Download Full-text

Two Gambling Women

International Review of Qualitative Research ◽

10.1525/irqr.2012.5.1.39 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 39-49

Author(s):

Tzu-Hui Chen

Keyword(s):

Lived Experiences ◽

Personal Experience ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Immigrant Population ◽

The Other ◽

Mail Order ◽

Foreign Brides ◽

And Migration ◽

The Relationship

This narrative aims to explore the meaning and lived experiences of marriage that a unique immigrant population—“foreign brides” in Taiwan—possesses. This convergence narrative illustrates the dynamics and complexity of mail-order marriage and women's perseverance in a cross-cultural context. The relationship between marriage, race, and migration is analyzed. This narrative is comprised of and intertwined by two story lines. One is the story of two “foreign brides” in Taiwan. The other is my story about my cross-cultural relationship. All the dialogues are generated by 25 interviews of “foreign brides” in Taiwan and my personal experience.

Download Full-text

A Study on the Relationship between Attachment Styles of School Children Aged 5 – 6 and Personality Traits of Their Mothers

Social Science Learning Education Journal ◽

10.15520/sslej.v2i07.34 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Ertan Görgü ◽

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

School Children ◽

Attachment Styles ◽

The Relationship

Download Full-text

The role of personality in shaping pandemic response: Systemic sociopolitical factors drive country differences

10.31234/osf.io/m9vj2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Meghan Siritzky ◽

David M Condon ◽

Sara J Weston

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Big Five ◽

Public Health Research ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Economic Factors ◽

State Fragility ◽

Systemic Factors ◽

Pandemic Response ◽

The Relationship

The current study utilizes the current COVID-19 pandemic to highlight the importance of accounting for the influence of external political and economic factors in personality public-health research. We investigated the extent to which systemic factors modify the relationship between personality and pandemic response. Results shed doubt on the cross-cultural generalizability of common big-five factor models. Individual differences only predicted government compliance in autocratic countries and in countries with income inequality. Personality was only predictive of mental health outcomes under conditions of state fragility and autocracy. Finally, there was little evidence that the big five traits were associated with preventive behaviors. Our ability to use individual differences to understand policy-relevant outcomes changes based on environmental factors and must be assessed on a trait-by-trait basis, thus supporting the inclusion of systemic political and economic factors in individual differences models.

Download Full-text