scholarly journals Development of a computerized method for masticatory pattern assessment

2017 ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
Rachel Marques ◽  
◽  
Marcio Campos ◽  
Raphaella Fernandes ◽  
Bernardo Peralva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Side Group ◽  
Lateral Deviation ◽  
Computerized Method ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Deviation Pattern ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
The Right

Objective: To develop a computerized method to assess the mandibular lateral deviation pattern during mastication. Method: 44 videos of masticatory processes were analysed using the algorithm developed. The individuals were instructed to perform a specific pattern of mastication: only on the left or the right side (group 1), alternating five bites on one side and two on the opposite side (group 2), alternating 3 bites on each side (group 3). The computerized method identified, frame by frame, the lateral displacement of the chin and determined the amplitude and the percentage of mandibular lateral deviation to each side. Results: The groups 1 and 2 showed significantly higher number of cycles on the side of chewing compared to the opposite side and there was no difference between two sides in group 3. The amplitude of cycles showed similar results. In groups 1 and 2, the method identified the preferred chewing side, however, the percentage of the identified cycles in the chewing side was significantly lower than the percentage of cycles required (p <0.001). Conclusion: The proposed computerized method was effective in identifying the bilateral masticatory pattern and recognizing the existence of preference to use one of the sides during the masticatory cycles.

scholarly journals A tissue-engineered urinary conduit in a porcine urinary diversion model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Jundziłł ◽  
Piotr Kwieciński ◽  
Daria Balcerczyk ◽  
Tomasz Kloskowski ◽  
Dariusz Grzanka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Urinary Diversion ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1

AbstractThe use of an ileal segment is a standard method for urinary diversion after radical cystectomy. Unfortunately, utilization of this method can lead to numerous surgical and metabolic complications. This study aimed to assess the tissue-engineered artificial conduit for urinary diversion in a porcine model. Tissue-engineered tubular polypropylene mesh scaffolds were used for the right ureter incontinent urostomy model. Eighteen male pigs were divided into three equal groups: Group 1 (control ureterocutaneostomy), Group 2 (the right ureter-artificial conduit-skin anastomoses), and Group 3 (4 weeks before urostomy reconstruction, the artificial conduit was implanted between abdomen muscles). Follow-up was 6 months. Computed tomography, ultrasound examination, and pyelogram were used to confirm the patency of created diversions. Morphological and histological analyses were used to evaluate the tissue-engineered urinary diversion. All animals survived the experimental procedures and follow-up. The longest average patency was observed in the 3rd Group (15.8 weeks) compared to the 2nd Group (10 weeks) and the 1st Group (5.8 weeks). The implant’s remnants created a retroperitoneal post-inflammation tunnel confirmed by computed tomography and histological evaluation, which constitutes urostomy. The simultaneous urinary diversion using a tissue-engineered scaffold connected directly with the skin is inappropriate for clinical application.

scholarly journals Preemptive analgesic effect of lidocaine in a chronic neuropathic pain model

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1088-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo M. Batista ◽  
Igor M. Batista ◽  
João P. Almeida ◽  
Carlos H. Carvalho ◽  
Samuel B. de Castro-Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Lidocaine Group ◽  
Local Infiltration ◽  
Neuropathic Pain Model ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right

Preemptive analgesia inhibits the progression of pain caused by surgical lesions. To analyze the effect of lidocaine on postoperative pain relief, we performed compression of the right sciatic nerve in Wistar rats and observed the differences on behavior between the group that received lidocaine and the group that was not treated with the local anesthetics pre-operatively. Group 1 was not operated (control); group 2 underwent the sciatic nerve ligature without lidocaine; group 3, underwent surgery with previous local infiltration of lidocaine. Group 2 showed significantly longer scratching times with a peak on day 14 post-operative (p=0.0005) and reduction in the latency to both noxious (p=0.003) and non-noxious (p=0.004) thermal stimulus. Group 3 presented significantly shorter scratching times (p=0.004) and longer latency times when compared to Group 2. Preemptive use of lidocaine 2% can potentially reduce the postoperative neuropathic pain associated with sciatic nerve compression.

scholarly journals Endothelin mediates renal vascular memory of a transient rise in perfusion pressure due to NOS inhibition

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (4) ◽  
pp. F629-F634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Zhou Zhang ◽  
Chris Baylis
Keyword(s):  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Renal Perfusion ◽  
Transient Increase ◽  
Transient Rise ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Renal Vascular ◽  
Renal Responses

We investigated the renal responses to NO synthase (NOS) inhibition with N-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMA; 30 mg/kg) in anesthetized rats in which renal perfusion pressure (RPP) to the left kidney was mechanically adjusted. Acutel-NMA increased blood pressure (BP, ∼20%) and renal vascular resistance (RVR) rose (∼50%) in the right kidneys that were always exposed to high RPP. In group 1, the left kidney was exposed to a transient increase (5 min) in RPP which was then normalized, and the rise in RVR was similar to the right kidney. In group 2 the left kidney was never exposed to high RPP, and the rise in RVR was attenuated relative to the right kidney. In group 3, rats were pretreated with the endothelin (ET) receptor antagonist Bosentan, immediately before exposure of the left kidney to a transient increase in RPP, and the rise in RVR was also attenuated relative to the right kidney. NOS inhibition resulted in a natriuresis and diuresis in the right kidneys, and ∼50% of the natriuresis persisted in the left kidney of group 2, in the absence of any rise in RPP. ET antagonism completely prevented the natriuresis and diuresis in response to acutel-NMA in both left and right kidneys. These data suggest that transient exposure to high RPP by NOS inhibition prevents an appropriate vasodilatory response when RPP is lowered, due to the intrarenal action of ET.

scholarly journals Cyclic fatigue resistance of four different nickel-titanium instruments in an artificial canal

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 800
Author(s):  
Khoa Van Pham
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Primary System ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Electronic Microscope

Introduction: The objective of this study was to measure the number of cycles to fracture of four continuous or reciprocating rotary nickel-titanium instruments in different materials. Methods: A total of 40 nickel-titanium instruments were used for the present study. Instruments were divided into four groups (n=10): group 1, Revo-S SU; group 2, ProTaper Next X2; group 3, Reciproc R25; group 4, WaveOne Gold Primary. An artificial stainless-steel was used to test the cyclic fatigue of the instruments. The instruments were introduced into the stainless-steel canal, one at a time, until they reached the other end, then they were rotated inside the canal without in-out motion. The time from the beginning of instrument rotation until the occurrence of breakage was recorded. The number of rotated cycles to fracture of the instrument were calculated based on the revolutions per minute (rpm) of each instrument and the recorded rotated time. The mean number of cycles to fracture and standard deviations were calculated and statistically analysed. Results: The number of cycles to fracture of the Revo-S SU was the lowest, and that of the WaveOne Gold Primary was highest. Scanning electronic microscope images of fracture surfaces revealed the characteristics of fatigue. Conclusions: The number of cycles to fracture of the reciprocating WaveOne Gold Primary system was the highest amongst the tested instruments.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide in canine hearts: effect of total cardiac denervation

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (2) ◽  
pp. H598-H602 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Anderson ◽  
J. R. Wynn ◽  
J. Kimball ◽  
G. R. Hanson ◽  
E. Hammond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Canine Heart ◽  
Cardiac Denervation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1

The effect of total cardiac denervation on the distribution of cardiac immunoreactive vasoactive intestinal peptide (IR-VIP) was determined in four groups of dogs. Denervated dogs killed at either 7 days (group 1) or 30 days (group 3) were compared with sham-operated dogs killed at either 7 days (group 2) or 30 days (group 4). The highest concentrations of IR-VIP were found in the left atrium and proximal left anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries and were not affected by denervation. Concentrations of IR-VIP in the left ventricle were barely detectable. Only right ventricular IR-VIP concentrations were significantly lower in denervated compared with sham-operated dogs in both groups. Thus these data provide evidence of intrinsic VIP innervation of the atria and epicardial coronary arteries and localized extrinsic VIP innervation of the right ventricle of the canine heart.

Ventilation heterogeneity does not change following pulmonary microembolism

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 705-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Y. C. Tsang ◽  
David Frazer ◽  
Michael P. Hlastala
Keyword(s):  
Minor Component ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Polystyrene Beads ◽  
Ventilation Heterogeneity ◽  
Conductive Component ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
The Right ◽  
A Minor

By using the multiple-breath helium washout technique, ventilation heterogeneity (V˙H) after embolic injury in the lung can be quantitatively partitioned into the conductive and acinar components. Total V˙H, represented by the normalized slope of the phase III alveolar plateau, SnIII (total), was studied for 120 min in three groups of anesthetized and paralyzed mongrel dogs. Group 1 ( n = 3) received only normal saline and served as controls. Group 2 ( n = 4) received repeated infusions of polystyrene beads (250 μm) into the right atrium at 10, 40, 80, and 120 min. Group 3 ( n = 3) was similarly treated, except that the embolic beads used were 1,000 μm in diameter. The data show that, despite repeated embolic injury by polystyrene beads of different diameters, there was no significant increase in total V˙H. The acinar component of SnIII, which represents V˙H in the distal airways, accounts for over 90% of the totalV˙H. The conductive component of SnIII, which represents V˙H between larger conductive airways, remains relatively constant and a minor component. We conclude that pulmonary microembolism does not result in significant redistribution of ventilation.

scholarly journals The Effects of Vitamins E and C on Fracture Healing in Rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Sarisözen ◽  
K Durak ◽  
G Dinçer ◽  
Of Bilgen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Evaluation Scores ◽  
Vitamins E And C ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right

Forty-eight rats were divided into four groups of 12. For 3 days, each group received the following vitamins in once-daily doses: group 1, vitamin E only; group 2, vitamin C only; group 3, vitamins E and C; and group 4, no treatment (control). The right tibia of each rat was fractured on day 4; the rats then received the same regimen three times a week (once-daily doses) until day 21. Fracture healing was evaluated radiologically by measuring the callus indices, and histologically by a 5-point grading scale. On days 14 and 21, the callus index values in group 2 were statistically higher than those in the other groups. Histological evaluation scores in group 2 were the highest overall, and group 3 scores were higher than those in groups 1 and 4. These findings indicate that vitamin C accelerates fracture healing, vitamin E does not exert a marked effect on this process, and vitamins E and C in combination do not have a synergistic impact on fracture healing.

scholarly journals Effect of the number of thermocycles on microleakage of resin composite restorations

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Bittencourt Pazinatto ◽  
Bruno Barbosa Campos ◽  
Leonardo César Costa ◽  
Maria Teresa Atta
Keyword(s):  
Resin Composite ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Thermal Changes ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Group 1

Thermocycling simulates, in vitro, thermal changes that occur in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the number of cycles on microleakage. Class V cavities (1.5 mm deep, 3 mm in height and 3 mm in width) were prepared in bovine teeth, restored with a Single Bond/Z250 restorative system (3M/ESPE) and then divided into five groups of ten teeth each: group 1 was not thermocycled (control group), and groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were thermocycled 500, 1,000, 2,500 and 5,000 times, respectively (5º-55º ± 2ºC, 15 s dwell time). The teeth were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin aqueous solution for 24 h, sectioned and the sections with the highest degree of microleakage were selected, scanned and the extent of dye penetration was measured by the ImageTool program. The results submitted to one-way ANOVA showed no significant differences between the groups (p > 0.05). The averages of microleakage values in millimeters were: group 1 (3.92); group 2 (3.13); group 3 (4.48); group 4 (4.33) and group 5 (3.42). Thus, it was concluded that there is no relation between the increase of the number of cycles and the increase in microleakage.

Impact of injectable chitosan cryogel microspherescaffolds on differentiation and proliferation of adiposederived mesenchymal stem cells into fat cells

2021 ◽  
pp. 088532822110482
Author(s):  
Duran Çekiç ◽  
Şakir Necat Yılmaz ◽  
Nimet Bölgen ◽  
Selma Ünal ◽  
Meltem Nass Duce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tissue Compartments

Difficulty in the clinical practice of stem cell therapy is often experienced in achieving desired target tissue cell differentiation and migration of stem cells to other tissue compartments where they are destroyed or die. This study was performed to evaluate if mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may differentiate into desired cell types when injected after combined with an injectable cryogel scaffold and to investigate if this scaffold may help in preventing cells from passing into different tissue compartments. MSCs were obtained from fat tissue of the rabbits as autografts and nuclei and cytoplasms of these cells were labeled with BrdU and PKH26. In Group 1, only-scaffold; in Group 2, only-MSCs; and in Group 3, combined stem cell/scaffold were injected to the right malar area of the rabbits. At postoperative 3 weeks, volumes of the injected areas were calculated by computer-tomography scans and histopathological evaluation was performed. The increase in the volume of the right malar areas was more in Group 3. In histopathological evaluation, chitosan cryogel microspheres were observed microscopically within the tissue and the scaffold was only partially degraded. Normal tissue form was seen in Group 2. Cells differentiated morphologically into fat cells were detected in Groups 2 and 3. Injectable chitosan cryogel microspheres were used in vivo for the first time in this study. As it was demonstrated to be useful in carrying MSCs to the reconstructed area, help cell differentiation to desired cells and prevent migration to other tissue compartments, it may be used for reconstructive purposes in the future.

Activation of ANP synthesis during congestive heart failure in rats treated with monocrotaline

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (1) ◽  
pp. H391-H398 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Comini ◽  
G. Agnoletti ◽  
A. Panzali ◽  
G. Mantero ◽  
E. Pasini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Peritoneal Effusion ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1

We studied plasma concentration, content, and mRNA for atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP-mRNA) in heart chambers of monocrotaline-treated rats. Three distinct groups emerged: group 1, with moderate congestive heart failure (CHF; pleural effusion < 1 ml; no peritoneal effusion); group 2, with severe CHF (pleural and peritoneal effusion > 1 ml); and group 3, with right hypertrophy and no CHF. Group 1 and 2 rats had right atrial and ventricular hypertrophy, raised plasma ANP (from 16.31 +/- 11.32 to 98.50 +/- 22.50 and 124.09 +/- 57.29 pg/ml, respectively; P < 0.001), and depletion of right atrial ANP (from 143.23 +/- 29.79 to 21.70 +/- 17.70 and 18.12 +/- 14.64 nmol/g, respectively; P < 0.001). Ventricular ANP concentration was unchanged. ANP-mRNA rose in the right atrium [10.6 (P < 0.02) and 7.9 (P < 0.01) times] and right ventricle (53.0 and 46.6 times; P < 0.01). In left unhypertrophied chambers it also increased, although to a smaller extent. Group 3 rats had isolated right ventricular hypertrophy, normal ANP levels in plasma and tissues, and no activation of synthesis. These data suggest that 1) plasma concentration and ANP synthesis are increased only in animals with CHF, 2) activation of ANP synthesis is maximal in early stages of CHF and is not related to the degree of hypertrophy, and 3) ANP-mRNA is also expressed in unhypertrophied heart chambers of rats with CHF but is not expressed in hypertrophied chambers of animals without CHF.

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