scholarly journals Die "Macht" der Bauern? Agrargesellschaft im Wandel

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-149
Author(s):  
Ernst Bruckmüller
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
The Political ◽  
Village Level ◽  
Agrarian Society ◽  
Steep Decline ◽  
The Village

The Power of the Peasants? The Transformation of Agrarian Society. This chapter examines the development of a clear estate consciousness among the Lower Austrian peasantry in the nineteenth century and considers its implications for power relations in the land. Prior to 1848, the peasant population were ruled by feudal landowners, and were entitled to an insignificant degree of self-governance only on the village level. When the landholding reform (Grundentlastung) put an end to feudalism in 1848, autonomous communes were formed in which the upper peasantry now had some say. The liberalism that prevailed from 1861/67 onwards shattered the traditional societal foundations, and crisis set in with debt and a steep decline in prices from 1880 onwards. The articulation of peasants’ problems by a vintner (Steininger) and experts and politicians with an interest in social welfare saw the emergence of an increasingly dense agrarian network via specialist associations and trade unions. Ultimately, these efforts culminated in the foundation of a successful political organisation, the Lower Austrian Farmers’ Association, which may be considered a manifestation of athe emergence of an estate consciousness realisable on the political level.

The Politics of Proletarianization: A Review Article

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-230
Author(s):  
Michael Hanagan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Labor History ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Political ◽  
Regional Studies ◽  
Trade Unionism ◽  
Working Class History ◽  
Political Conditions

The process of proletarianization and its role in the shaping of working class consciousness has captured the attention of French social historians over the last ten years. Until recently, works on French labor history generally neglected the formation of the working class to concentrate on the origins of national working-class parties or trade unions; thus, general histories of the political ‘workers’ movement' abound, to the detriment of occupational or regional studies. As early as 1971, Rolande Trempé's thèse asserted that the transition from godfearing peasant to socialistic proletarian had only just begun when a man put down his hoe and took up a pickaxe. In Les mineurs de Carmaux, Trempé showed the evolving social and political conditions which led coalminers in southwestern France to espouse trade unionism and socialism. The recently published thése of Yves Lequin, Les ouvriers de la region lyonnaise, provides another benchmark in the study of nineteenth-century working class history. Lequin reveals that, for the pre-1914 period in the Lyonnais region of France, the dynamics of proletarianization were more important in promoting worker militancy than its end result, the appearance of an industrial proletariat.

scholarly journals Introduction

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-359
Author(s):  
Touraj Atabaki ◽  
Marcel van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
The Political ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Central State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Military Elite ◽  
Political Relationships

In its long history Iran has experienced many eventful moments. The past century was far from exceptional in this respect: the country was ravaged by three major wars (1914–1918, 1941–1945, 1980–1988) in which hundreds of thousands of people died; two coups (1921, 1953) transformed power relations within the political and military elite; and two revolutions (1905–1911, 1978–1979) led to radical changes in social, cultural, and political relationships. The country's appearance has changed completely since the end of the nineteenth century. At the beginning of the twentieth century, a large proportion of the population lived in tribal communities; by the end of the century the central state was omnipresent. The capital, Tehran, expanded from a city of around 100,000 inhabitants in 1890 to a metropolis of over ten million.

scholarly journals Research on the Influence of Village Carders on the Standardized Management System of Village-Level Affairs – Based on the Investigation and Analysis of District L, Y City, Shandong Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Li-Wei Xing ◽  
Ying Duan
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Institutional Arrangement ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
The Political ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Village Level ◽  
The Village

Chinese anti-corruption struggle has achieved phased victory, the national corruption governance center has gradually moved down, and the issue of "micro-corruption" of village cadres has attracted widespread attention from the political, practical and academic circles. The standardized management system of village-level affairs is promoted and implemented nationwide as an institutional arrangement for regulating the power of village cadres and combating corruption. However, in the actual implementation process, there are problems such as passive implementation and even resistance to implementation by village cadres. The study took the L District of Y City, Shandong Province as an example, and found that the village cadres did not implement the corresponding standardized management system. The factors affecting the implementation of the standardized management system of the village cadres were investigated from the three-dimensional perspective of motivation, ability, and pressure, and then reasonable policy recommendations were put forward. Aims to give better play to the effectiveness of standardized systems.

scholarly journals SOCIAL CULTURE AS KING OF VILLAGE GOVERNMENT “Perspective of Village Chief Election System Distortion Analysis in Pucung Village, Kismantoro District, Wonogiri Regency” BUDAYA SOSIAL SEBAGAI RAJA PEMERINTAHAN DESA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Anwar Sanusi ◽  
Bima Wahyu Bintoro ◽  
Graha Dwi Wijaya ◽  
Alfalachu Indiantoro
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Social Culture ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
Village Level ◽  
Distortion Analysis ◽  
Election System ◽  
Village Government ◽  
Village Society ◽  
The Village ◽  
Government Perspective

The village chief election is a form of village autonomy in the political aspect which aims to choose a prospecting leader od the village. It is a form of democracy in the village level. This is because the society is directly involved in it. The problem which arise regarding the Village Chief Election in Indonesia is the deviation of campaign activities which is against the regulation. Some deviations found by the researcher include incitement from the supporters to the society. This incitement is done by insulting other prospecting village head or negative campaign which may disturb the village head election system. Based on the Constitution No. 6 year 2014 Article 36 paragraph 3, “Prospecting Village Chiefs may undergo campaign based on the condition of the village society and the provisions of the constitutional regulations”. Yet, the reality is sometimes not according to the regulations

Law and Agrarian Society in India: The Case of Bihar and the Nineteenth-Century Tenancy Debate

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Robb
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Private Property ◽  
The Political ◽  
Private Property Rights ◽  
Agrarian Society ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
State Involvement ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Personal Law

David Washbrook's original treatment of the question of law and society, to which the title of the present paper refers, has not yet stimulated the response which might have been expected. It is a wideranging study; only part of it will be taken up in this paper, namely its arguments about landed property rights in the nineteenth century. Washbrook states that in the first half of the century private property in land remained a ‘pure farce’ in India because of continued state involvement in the economy, excessive revenue demands, the persistence of personal law (as codified), and the weakness of the system of courts. He emphasizes the political implications of the co-option of dominant groups for revenue collection and other purposes of British administration. For the second half of the century, Washbrook proposes an improvement in the position of landed and powerful interests, as the law at last ‘beat back the frontier’ of personal law and disentangled private property rights from family and communal fetters.

scholarly journals Models of Political Representation: A Study of Village Chief Elections and Candidacies

PCD Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Arga Pribadi Imawan ◽  
Haryanto Haryanto
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
The Political ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
Village Level ◽  
Political Studies ◽  
Executive Level ◽  
The Village

Electoral contestations at the village level have seemingly been an ‘isolated’ phenomenon in social and political studies. Most studies have focused on local executive and legislative elections, as well as the political representations they involve. This article, instead, looks to the village level, examining the political representation involved in the village chief  elections of  Dlingo, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Qualitative research methods (interviews, live-in observations) were conducted before, during, and after the elections. This study finds that the rise of  the two candidates could be traced to various factors and tendencies, and that the models of  political representation at the village chief  (executive) level are similar to those in legislature.

Gender and Political Participation in the Traditional Political System of the Village: A Study on the Khasi tribe of Mawkynrew village in Meghalaya

2022 ◽  
pp. 0972558X2110637
Author(s):  
Rebecca Soanes
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Village Level ◽  
The People ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
The Village ◽  
Gender Participation

The article is a study on the political participation at the village level by both the male and female members of Mawkynrew village in Meghalaya. Meghalaya is inhabited by three major tribes and the Khasi tribe is one of the three tribes. The political system is still based on a traditional system of political administration at all village and locality levels. This political system allows the people to elect a chief and other members for the village council’s office. Traditionally, only male members are allowed to hold the traditional office of village administration. Therefore, the article will highlight the participation of both the gender groups in the village and how changes have taken place over the years. The paper will also attempt to study the factors or determinants that are influencing gender participation in the political system of the village, particularly that of the women in the village.

Immanence and Micropolitics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Gilliam
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Political ◽  
Industrial Capitalism ◽  
Conceptual Necessity ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Pure Immanence ◽  
Alternative Understanding

Christian Gilliam argues that a philosophy of ‘pure’ immanence is integral to the development of an alternative understanding of ‘the political’; one that re-orients our understanding of the self toward the concept of an unconscious or ‘micropolitical’ life of desire. He argues that here, in this ‘life’, is where the power relations integral to the continuation of post-industrial capitalism are most present and most at stake. Through proving its philosophical context, lineage and political import, Gilliam ultimately justifies the conceptual necessity of immanence in understanding politics and resistance, thereby challenging the claim that ontologies of ‘pure’ immanence are either apolitical or politically incoherent.

Capital californiano, necesidad presupuestal y cambio político: Juan Temple y el arrendamiento de la Casa de Moneda de México, 1827–1857

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-351
Author(s):  
Omar Velasco Herrera
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Las Casas ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The Government

Durante la primera mitad del siglo xix, las necesidades presupuestales del erario mexicano obligaron al gobierno a recurrir al endeudamiento y al arrendamiento de algunas de las casas de moneda más importantes del país. Este artículo examina las condiciones políticas y económicas que hicieron posible el relevo del capital británico por el estadounidense—en estricto sentido, californiano—como arrendatario de la Casa de Moneda de México en 1857. Asimismo, explora el desarrollo empresarial de Juan Temple para explicar la coyuntura política que hizo posible su llegada, y la de sus descendientes, a la administración de la ceca de la capital mexicana. During the first half of the nineteenth century, the budgetary needs of the Mexican treasury forced the government to resort to borrowing and leasing some of the most important mints in the country. This article examines the political and economic conditions that allowed for the replacement of British capital by United States capital—specifically, Californian—as the lessee of the Mexican National Mint in 1857. It also explores the development of Juan Temple’s entrepreneurship to explain the political circumstances that facilitated his admission, and that of his descendants, into the administration of the National Mint in Mexico City.

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