scholarly journals Treatment of Alzheimer’s disease by natural products

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-644
Author(s):  
Sana CHOUGLE ◽  
Dinesh KUMAR ◽  
Andleeb KHAN ◽  
Sadaf ZEHRA ◽  
Ahmad ALİ
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Permanent Cure ◽  
The Brain

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurological disorder that progressively affects the brain cells. It is sometimes accompanied with dementia and commonly seen in elderly people. It ultimately leads to impaired cognitive functions and loss of memory. Widely used drugs such as donepezil and galantamine successfully abate mild to moderate symptoms of the disease though they have profound side effects. Natural products have been a source of medicine for over thousands of years. Plant secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, etc. are major sources of such medicines. In recent times, the use of natural products to treat various diseases has gained a lot of popularity. Extensive research is being undertaken to identify and isolate various natural products that can be used to not only reduce the disease symptoms but also as a permanent cure. The review article aims to summarize the effects of various natural products and their neuroprotective mechanisms that can be helpful to cure Alzheimer’s disease.

The Prospect of Treating Alzheimer Disease through Sleep

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Jin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Tau Proteins ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Gastrointestinal Distress ◽  
The Brain

Alzheimer's disease is caused by the deposition of amyloid and Tau proteins. These two proteins are present in normal brain cells, but in Alzheimer's disease, they accumulate in large quantities, affecting how brain cells function normally. The result is that brain cells can't communicate properly, leading to memory loss. The current treatment for Alzheimer's disease is mostly controlled by drugs. The three main drugs are Donepezil, Rivastigmine, and Galantamine, Reminyl. However, it has limited side effects and usually manifests as gastrointestinal distress. One of the functions of sleep is to accelerate the removal of amyloid in the brain, which can effectively improve the accumulation of amyloid and Tau proteins.

An Insight in Pathophysiological Mechanism of Alzheimer’s Disease and its Management using Plant Natural Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeba Firdaus ◽  
Tryambak Deo Singh
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Drug Development Research ◽  
Sites Of Action

: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-associated nervous system disorder and a leading cause of dementia worldwide. Clinically it is described by cognitive impairment, and pathophysiologically by deposition of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain and neurodegeneration. This article reviews the pathophysiology, course of neuronal degeneration, and the various possible hypothesis of AD progression. These hypotheses include amyloid cascade, tau hyperphosphorylation, cholinergic disruption, metal dysregulation, vascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. There is an exponential increase in the occurrence of the AD in recent few years that indicate an urgent need to develop some effective treatment. Currently, only 2 classes of drugs are available for AD treatment namely acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and NMDA receptor antagonist. Since AD is a complex neurological disorder and these drugs use a single target approach, alternatives are needed due to limited effectiveness and unpleasant side-effects of these drugs. Currently, plants have been used for drug development research especially because of their multiple sites of action and fewer side effects. Uses of some herbs and phytoconstituents for the management of neuronal disorders like AD have been documented in this article. Phytochemical screening of these plants shows the presence of many beneficial constituents like flavonoids, triterpenes, alkaloids, sterols, polyphenols, and tannins. These compounds show a wide array of pharmacological activities such as anti-amyloidogenic, anticholinesterase, and antioxidant. This article summarizes the present understanding of AD progression and gathers biochemical evidence from various works on natural products that can be useful in the management of this disease.

Natural product-based nanomedicine: Recent advances and issues for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choy Ker Woon ◽  
Wong Kah Hui ◽  
Razif Abas ◽  
Muhammad Huzaimi Haron ◽  
Srijit Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Drug Transport ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Progressive Neurodegeneration ◽  
The Brain

: Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects the elderly and is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration caused by different pathologies. The most significant challenges in treating AD include the inability of medications to reach the brain because of its poor solubility, low bioavailability, and the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Additionally, current evidence suggests the disruption of BBB plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. One of the critical challenges in treating AD is the ineffective treatments and its severe adverse effects. Nanotechnology offers an alternative approach to facilitate the treatment of AD by overcoming the challenges in drug transport across the BBB. Various nanoparticles (NP) loaded with natural products were reported to aid in drug delivery for the treatment of AD. The nano- sized entities of NP are great platforms for incorporating active materials from natural products into formulations that can be delivered effectively to the intended action site without compromising the material’s bioactivity. The review highlights the applications of medicinal plants, their derived components, and various nanomedicine-based approaches for the treatment of AD. The combination of medicinal plants and nanotechnology may lead to new theragnostic solutions for the treatment of AD in the future.

Use of Cannabis for Agitation in Patients With Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 312-317
Author(s):  
Amanda Mueller ◽  
Danielle R. Fixen
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Older People ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
First Line ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
The Brain

Studies have reported changes in the endocannabinoid system in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), playing a role in the pathophysiology of AD. Cannabinoids have been shown to have neuroprotective properties, reduce neuroinflammation, and enhance neurogenesis. Evidence suggests that the utilization of marijuana products containing both tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) or CBD alone have been effective and safe for use in older people with agitation associated with dementia. A review in 2017 summarized positive findings for therapeutic benefits of cannabinoids in agitation of AD and dementia, but there was no definitive conclusion because of varying cannabinoid products. Cannabinoids were shown to be well tolerated, with few short-term side effects. This differs from first-line medications utilized for dementia behaviors, which can have unwanted side effects. Further research regarding the safety, efficacy, and variability of these products in older people is needed.

What is Alzheimer’s disease?

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Budson ◽  
Maureen K. O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Amyloid Plaques ◽  
Pet Scan ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Special Circumstances ◽  
The Brain

Alzheimer’s is a disease in which amyloid plaques build up in the brain. The plaques damage brain cells, the cells develop tangles, and the tangles destroy the cells. Alzheimer’s disease begins silently and progresses through very mild, mild, moderate, and severe stages. Age, being a woman, and family history are risk factors for the disease. Tests using a lumbar puncture or PET scan can help to confirm the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, but they are only used in special circumstances. Lastly, you can reduce your risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease by eating a Mediterranean-style diet, engaging in aerobic exercise, and staying socially active.

scholarly journals Natural products and their derived compounds inhibitors of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
Maha Z. Rizk ◽  
Hanan F. Aly
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Neurodegenerative Pathology ◽  
The Brain

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative pathology that primarily affects the elderly population, and is estimated to account for 50-60% of dementia cases in persons over 65 years of age. The main characteristics connected with AD implicate the dysfunction of cognitive role, mainly loss of memory. While, the main features linked with AD at later stages include deficits of language, depression and problems associated with behavior. One of the most important approaches for medication of this disease is to improve level of the acetylcholine in the brain tissues using inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The present work reviews the literature on natural products from plants and plant-derived compounds inhibitors of enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors; Secondary metabolites; Plant extracts; essential oils

Alzheimer's Disease: Clinical Features, Pathogenesis, and Treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1499-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaye L. Rathmann ◽  
Christopher S. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Cholinergic Activity ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
The Brain ◽  
The U.S

Alzheimer's disease is an insidious degenerative disease of the brain and is the leading cause of dementia in the U.S. Numerous etiologies have been postulated, including a large body of evidence suggesting a slow viral infection, possibly in genetically predisposed individuals, but this remains to be proven. Differential diagnosis is based primarily on exclusion of other treatable forms of dementia. Neurochemical studies suggest a cholinergic deficit; thus primary emphasis in treatment has been directed at enhancing cholinergic activity. Choline and lecithin supplementation generally has been ineffective. Results with physostigmine are encouraging and further studies with this drug prototype are needed. Physostigmine's clinical usefulness is limited, however, due to peripheral side effects and its short duration of action. Other pharmacological approaches, such as naloxone, neural metabolic enhancers, stimulants, and vasopressin analogs, have been investigated. The clinical features and pathology of the disease are reviewed.

scholarly journals Nanomedicine: A Promising Way to Manage Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazeer Hussain Khan ◽  
Maria Mir ◽  
Ebenezeri Erasto Ngowi ◽  
Ujala Zafar ◽  
Muhammad Mahtab Aslam Khan Khakwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Drug Transport ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
The Brain

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating disease of the aging population characterized by the progressive and slow brain decay due to the formation of extracellular plaques in the hippocampus. AD cells encompass tangles of twisted strands of aggregated microtubule binding proteins surrounded by plaques. Delivering corresponding drugs in the brain to deal with these clinical pathologies, we face a naturally built strong, protective barrier between circulating blood and brain cells called the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Nanomedicines provide state-of-the-art alternative approaches to overcome the challenges in drug transport across the BBB. The current review presents the advances in the roles of nanomedicines in both the diagnosis and treatment of AD. We intend to provide an overview of how nanotechnology has revolutionized the approaches used to manage AD and highlight the current key bottlenecks and future perspective in this field. Furthermore, the emerging nanomedicines for managing brain diseases like AD could promote the booming growth of research and their clinical availability.

What is Alzheimer’s disease?

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Budson ◽  
Maureen K. O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Amyloid Plaques ◽  
Pet Scan ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Special Circumstances ◽  
The Brain

Alzheimer’s is a disease in which amyloid plaques build up in the brain. The plaques damage brain cells, the cells develop tangles, and the tangles destroy the cells. Alzheimer’s disease begins silently and progresses through very mild, mild, moderate, and severe stages. Age, being a woman, and family history are risk factors for the disease. Tests using a lumbar puncture or PET scan can help to confirm the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, but they are only used in special circumstances. Lastly, you can reduce your risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease by eating a Mediterranean-style diet, engaging in aerobic exercise, and staying socially active.

Use of Cannabis for Agitation in Patients With Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 312-317
Author(s):  
Amanda Mueller ◽  
Danielle R. Fixen
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Older People ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
First Line ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
The Brain

Studies have reported changes in the endocannabinoid system in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), playing a role in the pathophysiology of AD. Cannabinoids have been shown to have neuroprotective properties, reduce neuroinflammation, and enhance neurogenesis. Evidence suggests that the utilization of marijuana products containing both tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) or CBD alone have been effective and safe for use in older people with agitation associated with dementia. A review in 2017 summarized positive findings for therapeutic benefits of cannabinoids in agitation of AD and dementia, but there was no definitive conclusion because of varying cannabinoid products. Cannabinoids were shown to be well tolerated, with few short-term side effects. This differs from first-line medications utilized for dementia behaviors, which can have unwanted side effects. Further research regarding the safety, efficacy, and variability of these products in older people is needed.

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