scholarly journals Microorganisms Isolated from Wound Samples and Their Antibiotic Resistance Rates

ANKEM Dergisi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezgi Köse ◽  
Emel Çalışkan ◽  
Nagihan Memiş ◽  
Betül Dönmez ◽  
Pelin Duran
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Resistance Rates

In this study, it was aimed to contribute to available epidemiological data and guide empirical treatment by determining the distribution and antibiotic susceptibility of pathogenic microorganisms isolated from wound samples sent to the microbiology laboratory of our hospital. The agents of wound infection sent to our laboratory between 02.01.2017 and 20.07.2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The microorganisms grown were identified by conventional microbiological methods together with automated system. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and an automated system and evaluated according to EUCAST criteria. Of the 956 bacteria isolated from 722 samples, 370 (39 %) were order Enterobacterales, 286 (30 %) were Gram positive cocci, 134 (14 %) were Pseudomonas spp., 83 (9 %) were Acinetobacter baumannii and 27 (3 %) were Candida spp. Vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid resistance were not found in staphylococci and enterococci. The most effective antibiotic against Staphylococcus aureus was trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SXT) (11 %), and gentamicin (30 %) and TMP-SXT (28 %) for coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS). Ciprofloxacin (48 %) and levofloxacin (58 %) resistance was higher in enterococci compared to other antibiotics. In addition, Klebsiella spp. strains have higher resistance rates than other Enterobacterales genus strains while A. baumannii and Pseudomonas spp. strains had the lowest resistance rate against colistin (1 %). Antibiotic resistance was higher in intensive care units than in other clinics, except for enterococci. In our study, it was observed that many species of bacteria and fungi could be an agent in wound infection, and high rates of resistance developed against antibiotics. Therefore, it was thought that the treatments should be regulated by performing culture and antibiogram procedures on all samples for which wound infection is suspected.

scholarly journals Bacterial Contamination of Iranian Paper Currency and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Firoozeh ◽  
Ehsan Dadgostar ◽  
Hussein Akbari ◽  
Mohammad Zibaei ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Sadjjad Sadjjadian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Paper Currency ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Background: Paper banknotes would be a vector for transmission of pathogenic microorganisms through handling. Objective: This study aimed to determine bacterial contamination of Iranian paper currencies in circulation and their antibiotic resistance patterns. Materials and Methods: In this study, 337 currency notes of different value were collected from markets, shops, restaurants, bus stations and banks in Kashan, Iran during April 2015 to March 2016. The currency notes transferred to microbiology laboratory and were tested for bacterial contamination using standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic resistance patterns of isolated bacteria were determined by disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standards. The results and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Of 337 currency notes, 262 (77.7%) were identified with bacterial contamination. Bacteria isolated from currency notes were as follows: Bacillus spp 113 (43.1%), coagulase-negative staphylococci 99 (37.7%), Escherichia coli 20 (7.6%), Enterococci species 14 (5.3%), Staphylococcus aureus 8 (3.1%), Klebsiella spp 4 (1.5%), Shigella species 2 (0.8%), and Pseudomonas species 2 (0.8%). The most and least contaminated currency notes were 50000 and 500 Rials, respectively. The highest resistance rates in gram-negative rods were against nalidixic acid, and ampicillin. However, the highest resistance rates in S. aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci and Enterococci species were against ampicillin, erythromycin and tetracycline. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the bacterial contamination among Iranian paper currency in circulation especially those obtained from certain sources including shops and bus stations is high and in most cases these bacterial isolates are antibiotic-resistant strains.

scholarly journals Childhood Septicemia in Nepal: Documenting the Bacterial Etiology and Its Susceptibility to Antibiotics

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamshul Ansari ◽  
Hari Prasad Nepal ◽  
Rajendra Gautam ◽  
Sony Shrestha ◽  
Puja Neopane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Introduction. Children are among the most vulnerable population groups to contract illnesses. The varying microbiological pattern of septicemia warrants the need for an ongoing review of the causative organisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Therefore, the objective of this study was to document the bacterial etiology of childhood septicemia and its antibiotic susceptibility profile.Methods.Cross-sectional type of study in 1630 suspected patients was conducted at CMCTH from January 2012 to December 2013. Blood samples were collected aseptically for culture. The organisms grown were identified by standard microbiological methods recommended by American Society for Microbiology (ASM) and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing by modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Methicillin resistance was confirmed using cefoxitin and oxacillin disks methods.Results.Septicemia was detected in 172 (10.6%) cases. Among Gram-positive organisms, coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) were leading pathogen andAcinetobacterspp. were leading pathogen among Gram-negative isolates. Vancomycin, teicoplanin, and clindamycin were the most effective antibiotics against Gram-positive isolates while amikacin was effective against Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative isolates. Methicillin resistance was detected in 44.4% ofStaphylococcus aureus.Conclusions. This study has highlighted the burden of bacterial etiology for septicemia among children in a tertiary care center of central Nepal.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Isolates of Wound Infection In Children Visiting Kanti Children Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Gita Ghimire ◽  
Chaudhary RP ◽  
Binod Lekhak
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
The Status

Objectives: The objectives of this study was to isolate and identify the bacterial etiological agent of wound infection and explore the status of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA), multidrug Resistant (MDR) and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers’ strains in clinical specimens and to find the antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Methods: A prospective cross sectional study design was conducted from period of February 2014 to October 2014 at Kanti Children Hospital, Kathmandu. The organisms were isolated and identified from pus sample by standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by modified the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method to evaluate the status of MRSA and MDR. ESBL detection was performed by the combined disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 365 specimens collected between the age group below < 2 to 15 years, 210 (57.73%) samples from male patients and 155 (42.47%) from female patients. In the total samples processed, Gram-positive organisms were found to be more prevalent in which Staphylococcus aureus accounts for 135(47.20%), followed by P. aeruginosa 62 (21.67%), E. coli 29 (10.20%), K. pneumoniae 27 (9.44%), Acinetobacter spp. 20 (6.70%), P. vulgaris 7 (2.44%) and CoNS 6 (2.10%). Among the S. aureus isolates, 29 (21.48%) were found MRSA. Of the total Gram-negative organisms isolated, 74 (51.03%) were MDR and 14 (100%) ESBL producer, (P<0.01). S. aureus was found to be the most important and leading cause of wound infection in this study. Conclusion: Thus, routine antibiotic susceptibility testing is recommended for empirical drug therapy and proper management of disease.  

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistance inStaphylococcus aureusIsolates by Years

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cennet Rağbetli ◽  
Mehmet Parlak ◽  
Yasemin Bayram ◽  
Huseyin Guducuoglu ◽  
Nesrin Ceylan
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Becton Dickinson ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Resistance Rates

Objective. Recently, community and hospital-acquired infections withStaphylococcus aureushave increased and raised antibiotic resistant isolates. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance profile ofS. aureusisolates over several years in various clinical specimens from our hospital.Materials and Methods.S. aureusstrains from 2009 to 2014 were isolated from various clinical samples at Yuzuncu Yil University, Dursun Odabas Medical Center, Microbiology Laboratory, and their antibiotic susceptibility test results were retrospectively investigated. The isolates were identified by conventional methods, and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by the Phoenix (Becton Dickinson, USA) automated system method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standards.Results. A total of 1,116S. aureusisolates were produced and methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) to 21% of allS. aureusisolates between 2009 and 2014. According to the results of susceptibility tests of all isolates ofS. aureus, they have been identified as sensitive to vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, and levofloxacin. While the resistance rates to nitrofurantoin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were determined as 0.3%, 2.4%, and 6%, respectively, resistance rates to penicillin, erythromycin, rifampicin, gentamicin, and clindamycin were determined as 100%, 18%, 14%, 14%, and 11%, respectively. The highest percentage of methicillin resistance was determined as 30% in 2009, and the resistance was determined to have decreased in subsequent years (20%, 16%, 13%, 19%, and 21%) (p<0.001).Conclusion. Currently, retrospective evaluations of causes of nosocomial infection should be done periodically. We think that any alteration of resistance over the years has to be identified, and all centers must determine their own resistance profiles, in order to guide empirical therapies. Reducing the rate of antibiotic resistance will contribute to reducing the cost of treatment.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Staphylococcus Species from Clinical Samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

The research was aimed to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus species from clinical samples obtained from some hospitals in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. The ear swab, high vaginal swab (HVS), wound swab and urine samples from the patients attending the hospitals were collected and inoculated onto the surface of freshly prepared Nutrient agar for bacterial isolation. The bacteria isolated were identified by conventional microbiological methods namely; Gram staining, biochemical test (such as catalase, coagulase, and DNase test), mannitol salt agar and heamolysis test. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using the agar disc diffusion method. The result showed that S. aureus was highly susceptible to Ciprofloxacin 105 (68.63%), Gentamicin 102 (66.67%), Levofloxacin 95 (62.08%) and Amikacin 90 (58.82%), S. epidermidis was highly susceptible to Gentamicin 13 (61.90%), Levofloxacin 12 (57.14%) and Nitrofurantoin 11 (52.38%) while S. saprophyticus was highly susceptible to Cefoxitin 7 (77.78%), Gentamicin 6 (66.67%) and Nitrofurantoin 5 (55.56%). On the other hand, S. aureus was highly resistant to Cefuroxime 153 (100%), Ceftazidime 150 (98.04%), Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 120 (78.43%) and Cloxacillin 111 (72.55%), S. epidermidis was highly resistant to Ceftazidime 20 (95.24%), Cloxacillin 19 (90.48%) then Cefoxitin, Erythromycin and Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid with 15 (71.43%) both. S. saprophyticus was highly resistant to Cefepime 9 (100%), Cloxacillin 8 (88.89%), Ceftazidime 7 (77.78%), Imipenem and Erythromycin with 6 (66.67%) respectively. There is a statistical difference in the sensitivity of the isolates against the antibiotics used at p<0.05. It is concluded that Staphylococcus species develop resistance to some classes of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Preliminary Results on the Prevalence of Salmonella Spp. in Marine Animals Stranded in Sicilian Coasts: Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile and ARGs Detection in the Isolated Strains

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 930
Author(s):  
Delia Gambino ◽  
Sonia Sciortino ◽  
Sergio Migliore ◽  
Lucia Galuppo ◽  
Roberto Puleio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Low Prevalence

The presence of Salmonella spp. in marine animals is a consequence of contamination from terrestrial sources (human activities and animals). Bacteria present in marine environments, including Salmonella spp., can be antibiotic resistant or harbor resistance genes. In this study, Salmonella spp. detection was performed on 176 marine animals stranded in the Sicilian coasts (south Italy). Antibiotic susceptibility, by disk diffusion method and MIC determination, and antibiotic resistance genes, by molecular methods (PCR) of the Salmonella spp. strains, were evaluated. We isolated Salmonella spp. in three animals, though no pathological signs were detected. Our results showed a low prevalence of Salmonella spp. (1.7%) and a low incidence of phenotypic resistance in three Salmonella spp. strains isolated. Indeed, of the three strains, only Salmonella subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium from S. coeruleoalba and M. mobular showed phenotypic resistance: the first to ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulphamethoxazole, while the latter only to sulphamethoxazole. However, all strains harbored resistance genes (blaTEM, blaOXA, tet(A), tet(D), tet(E), sulI, and sulII). Although the low prevalence of Salmonella spp. found in this study does not represent a relevant health issue, our data contribute to the collection of information on the spread of ARGs, elements involved in antibiotic resistance, now considered a zoonosis in a One Health approach.

Prevalence, Antibiogram, and cdt Genes of Toxigenic Campylobacter jejuni in Salad Style Vegetables (Ulam) at Farms and Retail Outlets in Terengganu

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHD IKHSAN KHALID ◽  
JOHN YEW HUAT TANG ◽  
NABILA HUDA BAHARUDDIN ◽  
NASIHA SHAKINA RAHMAN ◽  
NURUL FAIZZAH RAHIMI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cytolethal Distending Toxin ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Pcr Method

The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance among Campylobacter jejuni in ulam at farms and retail outlets located in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 526 samples (ulam, soil, and fertilizer) were investigated for the presence of C. jejuni and the gene for cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) by using a multiplex PCR method. Antibiotic susceptibility to 10 types of antibiotics was determined using the disk diffusion method for 33 C. jejuni isolates. The average prevalence of contaminated samples from farms, wet markets, and supermarkets was 35.29, 52.66, and 69.88%, respectively. The cdt gene was not detected in 24 of the 33 C. jejuni isolates, but 9 isolates harbored cdtC. Antibiotic resistance in C. jejuni isolates was highest to penicillin G (96.97% of isolates) followed by vancomycin (87.88%), ampicillin (75.76%), erythromycin (60.61%), tetracycline (9.09%), amikacin (6.06%), and norfloxacin (3.03%); none of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and gentamicin. In this study, C. jejuni was present in ulam, and some isolates were highly resistant to some antibiotics but not to quinolones. Thus, appropriate attention and measures are required to prevent C. jejuni contamination on farms and at retail outlets.

scholarly journals Growing Menace of Antibacterial Resistance in Clinical Isolates ofPseudomonas aeruginosain Nepal: An Insight of Beta-Lactamase Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamshul Ansari ◽  
Rabindra Dhital ◽  
Sony Shrestha ◽  
Sangita Thapa ◽  
Ram Puri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients

Introduction. Pseudomonas aeruginosais the most frequently isolated organism as it acts as the opportunistic pathogen and can cause infections in immunosuppressed patients. The production of different types of beta-lactamases renders this organism resistant to many commonly used antimicrobials. Therefore, the aim of this study was to document the antibiotic resistance rate inPseudomonas aeruginosaisolated from different clinical specimens.Methods. Pseudomonas aeruginosarecovered was identified by standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method following Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines and all the suspected isolates were tested for the production of ESBLs, MBLs, and AmpC.Results.Out of total (178) isolates, 83.1% were recovered from the inpatient department (IPD). Majority of the isolates mediated resistance towards the beta-lactam antibiotics, while nearly half of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Most of the aminoglycosides used showed resistance rate up to 75% but amikacin proved to be better option. No resistance to polymyxin was observed. ESBLs, MBLs, and AmpC mediated resistance was seen in 33.1%, 30.9%, and 15.7% isolates, respectively.Conclusions. Antibiotic resistance rate and beta-lactamase mediated resistance were high. Thus, regular surveillance of drug resistance is of utmost importance.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Virulence Genes and Drug Resistance Profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated From Clinical Specimens

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ali Bazghandi ◽  
Mohsen Arzanlou ◽  
Hadi Peeridogaheh ◽  
Hamid Vaez ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Resistance Rates

Background: Drug resistance and virulence genes are two key factors for the colonization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in settings with high antibiotic pressure, such as hospitals, and the development of hospital-acquired infections. Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of drug resistance and virulence gene profiles in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in Ardabil, Iran. Methods: A total of 84 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from clinical specimens of Ardabil hospitals and confirmed using laboratory standard tests. The disk diffusion method was used for antibiotic susceptibility testing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the identification of P. aeruginosa virulence genes. Results: The highest and the lowest antibiotic resistance rates of P. aeruginosa strains were against ticarcillin-clavulanate (94%) and doripenem (33.3%), respectively. In addition, the frequency of multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa was 55.9%. The prevalence of virulence factor genes was as follows: algD 84.5%, lasB 86.9%, plcH 86.9%, plcN 86.9%, exoU 56%, exoS 51.2%, toxA 81%, nan1 13.1%, and pilB 33.3%. A significant association was observed between resistance to some antibiotics and the prevalence of virulence genes in P. aeruginosa. Conclusions: Our results revealed a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance, especially MDR, and virulence-associated genes in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in Ardabil hospitals. Owing to the low resistance rates against doripenem, gentamicin, and tobramycin, these antibiotics are recommended for the treatment of infections caused by highly resistant and virulent P. aeruginosa strains.

The Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) Analysis and Biofilm Formation of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus cohnii Isolated from Clinical Samples in Tehran, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somaye Delfani ◽  
Faranak Rezaei ◽  
Setareh Soroush ◽  
Pegah Shakib
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Mobile Element ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance ◽  
Sccmec Types

Background: Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci is responsible for hospital and community-acquired infections. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic-resistance patterns, antibiotic-resistance genes, namely, ermA, ermB, ermC, blaZ, msrA, tetK, tetM, mup, and vanA, biofilm formation, and prevalence of different SCCmec types among the Staphylococcus cohniistrains isolated from clinical samples in Tehran, Iran. Methods: In this study,S. cohniiisolates were screened from the clinical samples from March 2012 to February 2013 in Tehran, Iran.Antimicrobial susceptibility test and inducible clindamycin resistance were evaluated by disc diffusion method, andresistance genes were examined using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays. Then, biofilm formation assay was analyzed by Microtiter-plate test to detect the icaA and icaDgenes. The SCCmec and the Arginine Catabolite Mobile Element (ACME) typing were performed using the PCRmethod. Results: FromtwentyS. cohnii, all isolates were resistant to cefoxitin. 95% of the S. cohnii was defined as multidrug resistance (MDR)strains. The ermB, ermC, and vanA genes were not detected in any isolates; however, the blaZ gene had the highest frequency.95% of the S. cohnii isolates produced biofilm. Also, 4 SCCmec types, including V, IV, III+ (C2), VIII+ (AB1), were identified. Therefore, the majority of SCCmec were untypable. Based on the ACME typing, arcA and opp3 genes were positive in 13 (65%) and 1 (5%) isolates, respectively. Conclusion: Due to the high antimicrobial resistance and the spread of untypableSCCmecamong the isolates studied, the control and treatment of methicillin-resistantS. cohnii in hospitals and public health centers is a significant concern.

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