scholarly journals Establishment and activity of culture centers and people`s universities in northeastern Bosnia in the first years of “New Yugoslavia”

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-236
Author(s):  
Jasmin Jajčević ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Cultural Centers ◽  
Houses Of Culture ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Second World ◽  
Educational Contents

Cultural and educational work after the Second World War in northeastern Bosnia, in addition to cultural, educational and artistic societies, took place in various cultural institutions, where cultural centers and public universities stand out. The houses of culture, in cooperation with societies, universities and various cultural and educational sections, organized events, lectures and various cultural and educational contents. Their importance was especially pronounced in the smaller rural areas of northeastern Bosnia, where they were the center of cultural and educational work. People's universities, as cultural and educational institutions, were supposed to nurture scientific and lecturing work, and to politically enlighten the population of urban and rural areas of northeastern Bosnia through various lectures. In essence, public universities were public schools in which ideologically appropriate lectures with various topics were mostly held and they played a significant role in the creation of a socialist society. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to point out the role and importance of the establishment of these cultural and educational institutions in northeastern Bosnia, and their overall contribution to the cultural and educational awareness of the population of northeastern Bosnia.

Three hundred years of House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) persecution in Germany

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. SEITZ
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
House Sparrow ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
World War ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Second World

Modernization of agriculture, economic development and population increase after the end of the Thirty Years' War caused authorities in many parts of Germany to decree the eradication of so-called pest animals, including the House Sparrow. Farmers were given targets, and had to deliver the heads of sparrows in proportion to the size of their farms or pay fines. At the end of the eighteenth century German ornithologists argued against the eradication of the sparrows. During the mid-nineteenth century, C. L. Gloger, the pioneer of bird protection in Germany, emphasized the value of the House Sparrow in controlling insect plagues. Many decrees were abolished because either they had not been obeyed, or had resulted in people protecting sparrows so that they always had enough for their “deliveries”. Surprisingly, various ornithologists, including Ernst Hartert and the most famous German bird conservationist Freiherr Berlepsch, joined in the war against sparrows at the beginning of the twentieth century, because sparrows were regarded as competitors of more useful bird species. After the Second World War, sparrows were poisoned in large numbers. Persecution of sparrows ended in Germany in the 1970s. The long period of persecution had a significant but not long-lasting impact on House Sparrow populations, and therefore cannot be regarded as a factor in the recent decline of this species in urban and rural areas of western and central Europe.

scholarly journals System of Continuous Agricultural Education in Precarpathia (Late XIX - early XX centuries)

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Halyna Bilavych
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Education ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Lifelong Education ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Professional Schools ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Economic Culture ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Agricultural Schools

Ukrainian public communities have important achievements in development of thesystem of continuous agricultural education in Precarpathia - Ukrainian Pedagogical Society“Ridna Shkola”, “Prosvita”, “Silskyi Hospodar”, the Union of Ukrainians and others. In the lateXIX - early XX centuries, they held important educational work among adults, organized variousforms of training - courses, professional-complementary schools, agricultural schools, high schools,colleges, courses, public universities etc. All this contributed to increasing of economic culture ofthe Ukrainian land. Formation of economic culture of children and adults in Precarpathia had itsown characteristics, mainly associated with the economic, social, historical, climatic, cultural andeducational conditions of life and activities. The system of continuous agricultural educationincluded some educational institutions such as courses, vocational schools, which performedvarious levels of training. Agricultural schools became an important area of lifelong education. Letus consider, for example, the activities of two schools - one of the first established societies“Enlightenment” in the Precarpathia - schools in Mylovanya (Tlumachchyna) and Starokosivska,which was founded in 1942 during the German occupation. Thus, on condition of the absence ofstate Ukrainian professional schools in the late XIX - early XX centuries civil societies created asystem of continuous agricultural education which was aimed at improving the economic cultureof young people and adults

scholarly journals COVID-19 AND EDUCATION OF MASS COMMUNICATION:

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Saleem Abbas ◽  
Firasat Jabeen ◽  
Huma Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Learning Challenges ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Mass Communication Education

The sudden closure of educational institutions in 2020  brought multiple financial and learning challenges for Pakistani female students. In our experience, not only formal and informal learning realms of female students have been affected in the post pandemic educational landscape, but a distinct gender and digital divide (GDD) is also noticeable between technology-equipped and deprived students. Considering the theoretical perspectives of digital divide, this paper will essentially explicate the chasms existing within female students of Mass Communication in Pakistan.  Given Pakistan’s conservative and patriarchal culture, it is very important to study how female students of Mass Communication, from both urban and rural areas, responded to the change after the pandemic. Through in-depth interviews of twenty female students, we argue that the COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated already existing GDD in Pakistani educational landscape. Especially the first order GDD in education can be seen frequently in Pakistani rural locations. Moreover, economic limitations and socio-cultural norms also play an essential role in exacerbating second order GDD in the Mass Communication education. Thus, in this sense, the pandemic has brought a change that is charged with exclusion and disparity. Moreover, we argue that digital divide is a gendered concept for a periphery country such as Pakistan.  

scholarly journals Diagnostic analysis of physical fitness and overweight related to adolescent health: Evaluation criteria for health

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Nunes Valente ◽  
F J Aidar ◽  
D Gama de Matos ◽  
R C Hickner ◽  
M L Mazini Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between physical fitness, socio-demographic factors and overweight prevalence of adolescent schoolchildren from urban and rural cities. Methods: The study population was made up of 377 male and female teenagers 14–17 years, enrolled in randomly selected public schools in urban and rural areas the northern Brazil. Socioeconomic status, flexibility, abdominal strength, endurance and cardiorespiratory fitness were measured. Results: The students from urban areas had a 55% (confidence interval of 95% = 1.12–2.12) more likely inadequacy physical quality and area of residence when compared to the rural area students. There was an association between muscular strength and endurance and area of residence. These odds ratio results demonstrated that the chances the students presented with inadequacy in this variable were 8.99 (confidence interval of 95% = 1.12–72.30) times higher among schoolchildren in rural compared to urban area. It was observed that 25.1% of teenagers found themselves with inadequate body composition, and the proportion of teenagers with inadequate body composition was higher (p < 0.05) for males (32.3%) compared to females (18%). Conclusion: It was concluded that there was an association between components of health related fitness and area of residence in the current study groups.

scholarly journals Urban Improvement of Comprehensive Schools And Out of School Educational Establishments in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1765-1770 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Comprehensive Schools ◽  
Architectural Planning ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Out Of School

Renewal of architectural planning in urban and rural areas can contribute to new educational institutions for population according to regulations and standards. The research was conducted to provide recommendations concerning improvement of educational establishments network in conditions of urban compaction, as well as territorial educational districts in urban and rural areas. The calculation method of general and out-of-school educational institutions network of different levels was improved. Various layouts of subject-oriented educational institutions were suggested, taking into account accessibility radius within territorial educational districts.

REGULATING THE SOCIAL: SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL WELFARE AND THE STATE IN LATE COLONIAL TANZANIA

2004 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREAS ECKERT
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
International Standards ◽  
National Union ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Second World

This essay discusses British discourses and efforts to regulate social policy in both urban and rural areas in late colonial Tanzania. It focuses mainly on questions of social security and especially on the vague concept of social welfare and development, which after the Second World War became a favoured means of expressing a new imperial commitment to colonial people. The British were very reluctant about implementing international standards of social security in Tanganyika, mainly due to the insight that the cost of providing European-scale benefits could not be borne by the colonial regime in such a poor territory. They were far more enthusiastic in pursuing a policy of social development, embodied in social welfare centres and various other schemes. It is argued that in Tanzania, this policy remained focused on peasantization rather than on proletarianization and was characterized by a disconnection between Colonial Office mandarins in London, attempting to create bourgeois, respectable African middle classes, and colonial officials in Tanganyika, seeking to maintain the political legitimacy of the chiefs and headmen. Most Africans ignored rather than challenged many of these state efforts. However, the nationalist party, the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) under Julius Nyerere believed in these programmes and continued such dirigiste and poorly financed improvement schemes after independence.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL READINESS OF URBAN AND RURAL STUDENTS OF 7-8 CLASSES

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6(56)) ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
Vladimir Sokolov ◽  
Elena Kostenko ◽  
Semyon Uyutkina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Rural Students ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

In connection with the adjustment of the program and normative documents of educational institutions, a comparative analysis was carried out and an assessment of the level of physical fitness of students in grades 7-8 living in urban and rural areas was given. The results of the study confirmed the need to take into account the living conditions of children when organizing and conducting physical education lessons at school.

Education Commission of New South Wales

1984 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Further Education ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Education Commission ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The Education Commission of New South Wales was established in October, 1980, as a response to efforts made by teachers, parents and others to achieve effective community participation in the decisions which affect public education in this State.Membership of the Commission provides for the representation of teachers, parents, Government administration and other community interests. The Commission is a representative body which acts as the prime adviser to the Minister for Education and, through the Minister, to the Government.The Commission has statutory responsibilities in terms of its role as the employing authority for teachers in public schools and colleges of technical and further education, and as the Minister’s major advisory body on broad policy and planning matters.The Commission’s charter in respect of policy, planning and resource issues for public education includes primary and secondary education, technical and further education and higher education. The Commission consults with Departments and other statutory bodies and operates by furnishing reports and making recommendations to the Minister for Education. These may be on the initiative of the Commission or at the request of the Minister.During its first two years the Education Commission identified nine major issues arising from pressures for change. The Commission has sought to identify viewpoints about the most important aspects of these issues with the intention of preparing proposals for Government consideration.Viewpoints have been identified through consultation with interested groups as members of working parties, through preparation and distribution of discussion papers, through visiting schools and colleges in urban and rural areas, by holding public seminars, by calling for submissions, and by meeting with individuals and groups in a variety of other situations.

scholarly journals Toxocara(Nematoda: Ascaridida) and Other Soil-Transmitted Helminth Eggs Contaminating Soils in Selected Urban and Rural Areas in the Philippines

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vachel Gay V. Paller ◽  
Emmanuel Ryan C. de Chavez
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
And Control

The extent of contamination of soils with soil transmitted helminthes (STH) eggs, particularlyToxocara, was determined in selected urban and rural towns of Laguna, Philippines. Soil samples were collected from public schools, house yards, and empty lots. Results revealed that, of the 1480 soil samples collected, 460 (31%) were positive for STH eggs.Toxocarasp. was the most prevalent (77%), followed byAscarissp. (11%), hookworms/strongyles/free-living nematodes (7%), andTrichurissp. (5%). Some soil physicochemical parameters were also determined and associated withToxocaraeggs prevalence and density in soil. Results revealed thatToxocarasp. eggs were most prevalent in less acidic, relatively high temperature and high moisture soil conditions. They were also prevalent in sandy, silty, and loamy soil textures but less prevalent in clayey. No significant differences were found between depth 1 (0–5 cm) and depth 2 (6–10 cm). This study revealed thatToxocarasp. eggs are ubiquitous and the extent of contamination in soils from the selected towns of Laguna is relatively high. Hence, the data generated in this study can be used in promoting public awareness, particularly for pet owners and local health officials, for effective prevention and control of this parasitosis.

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