scholarly journals Vulnerability of foreign trade of the Republic of Moldova analyzed on the basis of the gravity model

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-205
Author(s):  
Mircea Diavor ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Economic Size ◽  
Positive Effect

The article examines the vulnerability of foreign trade of the Republic of Moldova, based on the development and analysis of a gravity model, in order to determine and quantify the factors affecting foreign trade. The distance and economic size of the trading partners underlie the gravity model, and the model created by the author confirms these assumptions. Another factor analyzed on the basis of the elaborated model, using the GDP difference per capita between the Republic of Moldova and trading partners as an independent variable, confirms the relevance of Ricardo’s model. The analysis shows that free trade agreements have a positive effect on foreign trade, and the ,,Brussels effect” has a positive and significant impact on Republic of Moldova’s foreign trade. In the research we analyzed the gravity model for the Republic of Moldova with 20 trading partners by the econometric method of the regression panel data.

scholarly journals A Panel Data Analysis of Jordan’s Foreign Trade: The Gravity Model Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Ziad Mohammed Abu-Lila
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dummy Variable ◽  
Bank Managers ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Trade Partner ◽  
Significant Factors

This study aims to identify the most important factors affecting the flow of Jordanian foreign trade, with its main trading partners for the period (1995-2016). To achieve this objective, the gravity model was adopted using a random effects model. The empirical findings show that Jordan’s foreign trade is positively determined by Jordan’s RGDP and dummy variable that used to capture the effect of a common border with Jordan. On the other side, distance and similarity index are found to be  significant factors in influencing Jordanian foreign trade negatively. Finally, the study found that the RGDP of trade partner and bilateral real exchange rate are not statistically significant. empirical evidence linking bank customers’ participation in financial ads to their attitude. Managerially, this study informs bank managers regarding effective management of financial advert contents in order to influence bank customer’s attitude towards financial adverts.

scholarly journals GRAVITY MODEL IN FOREIGN TRADE (APPLICABALE CASE ABOUT THE SKINS IN IRAQ DURING THE PERIOD (1990-2014)

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
AL_Jubori & AL_Badri
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Export Price ◽  
World Market ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Per Capita

The Gravity Model considered one of the important models in foreign trade, because it is used to explain the most important determinants of the state export of it’s exporting goods and determine competitive state for exports of the country in world market of its exports, besides it give an idea about most important countries in exporting export goods. The study aims to determine most important factors affecting on flow of Iraqi skins to world market, and measuring influence of these factors and determine suitable model to understand most important determinants of foreign trade of Iraqi skins with most important trading partners. The study proved that per capita of GDP, quantity of commodity produced by country, quantity of commodity exports from country to global market and export price (FOB) of commodity, were the most important determinants of flow of Iraqi skins to global market, because these factors formed about (%53) of determinants of flow of Iraqi skins to global market. By analyzing the model of most important determinants of flow of Iraqi skins with most important trading partners (Jordan and UAE), the study found that the most important determinants of flow of Iraqi skins with most important trading partners were per capita of GDP representing economic size of two partners, number of population in two partners and the distance between trading capitals of them with invers sign. These factors compatible with gravity trade model between states, and these factors determine (%89) of happening changes in flow of Iraqi skins to most important trading partners.

scholarly journals Ekspor Karet Indonesia ke-15 Negara Tujuan Utama Setelah Pemberlakuan Kebijakan ACFTA

TRIKONOMIKA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlina Banne Lembang ◽  
Yulius Pratomo
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rubber Market ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
Positive Effect

The objective of this study is to examine factors affecting Indonesia’s rubber export performance to Indonesia’s 15 main trading partners after the implementation of ACFTA. This research employs Bergstrand Gravity Model (1985) using 105 observation for 15 countries from 2004 to 2010. Then, the gravity model is estimated by applying random effects (RE) model. The results show that, first, GDP per capita of Indonesia’s main trading partners have significantly positive impact on export. Surprisingly, distance has significantly positive effect on Indonesia’s rubber export. Further, Indonesia’s rubber major export destinations are the member of ACFTA, i.e. China and Singapore. Last, some of the non member countries are still potential to be Indonesia’s rubber market. Therefore, the Government of Indonesia should increase trading with them.

scholarly journals Effectiveness Of The Use Of Instagram Social Media On Personal Branding Joko Widodo In The First Voters 2019 Election

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Ahnaf Rifky Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Public ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Personal Branding ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Positive Effect

In this digital era, all activities can be published to the public through social media. Many groups of people actively use social media ranging from students, adults, entrepreneurs and state officials. One of them is the seventh President of the Republic of Indonesia, Ir. H. Joko Widodo. Joko Widodo has a variety of social media platforms, social media with the most followers among other social media is Instagram. With a total of 16.5 million followers making him the leader of the country with the second most followers in the world. The content of uploads on Instagram of Joko Widodo is diverse and very massive, the things Joko Widodo does on Instagram social media is one way to form personal branding. Personal branding is a unique phenomenon because basically all people have their own characteristics, to get the results of long-lasting branding and provide maximum benefits, the branding process must come from authentic, real and original evidence. This study aims to determine how effective the use of social media instagram is for the formation of Joko Widodo's personal Branding to the 2019 First Election Voters who are still confused and need references to make choices in using their voting rights. This study uses a descriptive quantitative method of two variables. The independent variable in this study is the effectiveness of using social media instagram while the dependent variable is Joko Widodo's personal branding. This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents using the Nonprobality Sampling technique. The results of this study state that the use of Instagram social media in delivering the desired message falls into the effective category with a percentage of 74.9% while the formation of personal branding for the first voters is included in the effective category with a percentage of 81.1%. The conclusion of this study is that the communication carried out by Joko Widodo's Instagram social media account took place effectively and had a positive effect on the formation of Joko Widodo's personal branding for the first voters of the 2019 Election. Keywords: Social Media, Instagram, Personal Branding, First Voters

scholarly journals Effectiveness Of The Use Of Instagram Social Media On Personal Branding Joko Widodo In The First Voters 2019 Election

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Ahnaf Rifky Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Public ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Personal Branding ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Positive Effect

In this digital era, all activities can be published to the public through social media. Many groups of people actively use social media ranging from students, adults, entrepreneurs and state officials. One of them is the seventh President of the Republic of Indonesia, Ir. H. Joko Widodo. Joko Widodo has a variety of social media platforms, social media with the most followers among other social media is Instagram. With a total of 16.5 million followers making him the leader of the country with the second most followers in the world. The content of uploads on Instagram of Joko Widodo is diverse and very massive, the things Joko Widodo does on Instagram social media is one way to form personal branding. Personal branding is a unique phenomenon because basically all people have their own characteristics, to get the results of long-lasting branding and provide maximum benefits, the branding process must come from authentic, real and original evidence. This study aims to determine how effective the use of social media instagram is for the formation of Joko Widodo's personal Branding to the 2019 First Election Voters who are still confused and need references to make choices in using their voting rights. This study uses a descriptive quantitative method of two variables. The independent variable in this study is the effectiveness of using social media instagram while the dependent variable is Joko Widodo's personal branding. This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents using the Nonprobality Sampling technique. The results of this study state that the use of Instagram social media in delivering the desired message falls into the effective category with a percentage of 74.9% while the formation of personal branding for the first voters is included in the effective category with a percentage of 81.1%. The conclusion of this study is that the communication carried out by Joko Widodo's Instagram social media account took place effectively and had a positive effect on the formation of Joko Widodo's personal branding for the first voters of the 2019 Election. Keywords: Social Media, Instagram, Personal Branding, First Voters

scholarly journals Agrifood export diversification of Belarus in terms of free trade agreements between EAEU and third countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-423
Author(s):  
L. N. Baihot ◽  
V. S. Akhramovich ◽  
D. S. Hlushakova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Favorable Conditions

The modern development of foreign trade of agricultural products and foodstuffs in the Republic of Belarus is characterized by an intensive increase in export potential, which requires constant search and development of new promising sales markets. For Belarus, participation in regional trade and economic integration associations (free trade zone with participation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)) is considered as one of the directions for creating favorable conditions for exporters to access the markets of partner countries. Implementation of export potential of the member states of the integration association is the subject of negotiations during preparation of agreements and requires searching the balance of concessions between the parties concerned. Therefore, in terms of trade of highly sensitive to import agricultural and processing industry products, a reasoned justification is required for requesting potential partners to ease access regimes for a particular product, given the need to provide reciprocal concessions. In this regard, we have developed a technique for assessing possibilities of developing exports of agricultural products of Belarus when signing agreements on free trade zones between the Eurasian Economic Union and third countries, we also tested the presented technique by the example of such countries as Egypt, Iran, Israel, Indonesia and India as the most likely partners to conclude free trade agreements with the Eurasian Economic Union. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the competitive environment at potential sales markets and an assessment of competitiveness of Belarusian export products, as well as study of measures of foreign trade policy (customs tariff and non-tariff barriers), the most appropriate export commodity groups were identified.

scholarly journals Indonesian Export Efficiency : A Stochastic Frontier Gravity Model Approach

2019 ◽  
pp. 488-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Solikhah Noviyani ◽  
Widyastutik NA ◽  
Tony Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Merchandise Export ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Business Freedom ◽  
Model Approach

Export performance is an important aspect to encourage economic growth and economic prosperity. Export performance can be analysed using export efficiency variable. Export efficiency can be defined as ratio of the actual to potential exports. Knowing the export efficiency and factors affecting it could help policy maker to minimize and mitigate the affects of existing restrictive measures of trade. This study was conducted to analys the efficiency of Indonesia's merchandise exports and the affecting factors using stochastic frontier gravity model. Result of this study shown that Indonesian merchandise export flows with 62 trading partners is significantly positively affected by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and population, then significantly negatively affected by bilateral distance. The study also found that the average export efficiency of Indonesia to 62 trading partner countries up to 51.35 percent in 2012 and 49.69 percent in 2016. The highest value of export efficiency was in Singapore and the lowest was in Portugal. Result of technical inefficiency model reveals that export inefficiency increased by business freedom, investment freedom, and landlocked dummy, and then export inefficiency decreased by labor freedom, financial freedom, contig dummy and FTA dummy.

scholarly journals MOLDOVAN EXTERNAL TRADE WITH EU, CIS AND OTHER COUNTRIES: ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-70
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
The European Union ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Physical Volume ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Laspeyres Index

The foreign trade of a state represents a determinant in assessing its economic statute among the neighbours and in the whole world. Actuality of the studied topic is determined by the changing trade relations that the Republic of Moldova is passing through in the last years. Republic of Moldova holds the necessary criteria for becoming a competitive country in the region in terms of the manufactured and marketed goods. The aim of the study is to evaluate the foreign trade of the Republic of Moldova, by emphasizing the main traded groups of products, trade partners as well as to analyze the average price index and physical volume index of imports and exports. The paper also comes with an analysis of re-export and re-import, which represent a peculiarity for our country’s trade pattern. Research methods that have been used within the paper are the following: analogy, systemic approach, statistical and scientific analysis, Laspeyres index method. The obtained results focus on the recovery of the foreign trade between 2015 and 2017 with higher revival rates of exports, and a growing reorientation of exports towards the European Union and other countries markets.

scholarly journals A Gravity Model of Trade for Nicaraguan Agricultural Exports

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (74) ◽  
pp. 391-428
Author(s):  
Medardo Aguirre González ◽  
Claudio Candia Campano ◽  
Lilliam Antón López
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Gravity Model Of Trade

This research aims to find the determining factors of Nicaraguan agricultural exports. To carry out this study, the author formulated a Gravity Model of Trade (GMT) and then made an estimation using a version of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) that incorporates a consistent covariance matrix estimator to correct the heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation effects. The data considered observations over twenty years and for twelve countries: eight have signed a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with Nicaragua and four have not. The variables that significantly increased the flow of Nicaraguan agricultural exports are the following: Nicaragua’s trading partners’ population, Nicaragua’s Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP pc), the Real Exchange Rate (RER), and Nicaragua’s trading partners’ GDP pc; however, the distance variable turned out to be significantly trade-inhibiting. Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) predominantly have significant effects.

scholarly journals Determinants of Vietnam's rice and coffee exports: using stochastic frontier gravity model

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dao Dinh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Major Market ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe paper aims to estimate the factors affecting Vietnam's export in rice and coffee, the two most important agricultural products, especially in exploring the role of “behind-the-border” constraints.Design/methodology/approachThe paper applies the stochastic frontier gravity model, which models the aggregate effect of “behind-the-border” factors for Vietnam's export in rice and coffee.FindingsThe paper finds that the impact of “behind-the-border” constraints is statistically significant, suggesting that Vietnam's exports in rice and coffee may be prevented from reaching their export potential by such factors. Moreover, technical efficiency and potential export suggest that Vietnam has a lot of potential to increase its exports in rice and coffee with its major trading partners. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations group continues to be the major market of Vietnamese rice and coffee. Vietnam can also take advantage of the opportunity to export these commodities to the European Union (EU) (not including the UK), and Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, especially in coffee to the EU.Research limitations/implicationsThe study cannot identify specific “behind-the-border” factors due to the limitation of data availability.Originality/valueMany existing studies suggest that export in agricultural products of Vietnam, especially in rice, is significantly affected by natural factors and “explicit beyond-the-border” constraints. They ignore the impact of “behind-the-border” constraints in Vietnam and its trading partners. My study proved the significant impact of such constraints. Therefore, Vietnam needs more policies to remove the “behind-the-border” constraints to promote export in rice and coffee.

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