SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN ANCIENT GEORGIA

MODERN ISSUES OF MEDICINE AND MANAGEMENT ◽

10.52340/mid.2021.470 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jemal Dzagania ◽

Nino Dzagania

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Middle Ages ◽

Natural Environment ◽

Physical Training ◽

Military Training ◽

Human Beings ◽

Training Systems ◽

History Of ◽

Favorable Conditions ◽

Prehistoric Time

The article provides an overview of the history of origin and development of sport and physical education throughout the centuries. It highlights the global factors that contributed to the origination of sport and physical education, including such issues, as: human beings’ ability to withstand harsh natural environment and obtain their livelihood; development of necessary skills related to creation and use of martial weapons, and military training in the Middle Ages, etc. The aforesaid circumstances created favorable conditions in the prehistoric time for the development and introduction of various mass games. Those games/competitions oftentimes were of ritualistic nature. Some irrefutable facts substantiating the emergence/existence of sport and physical education in various regions across the globe are presented in the article. Against this background, the significant part of it is devoted to the discussion of the circumstances related to the sport and physical education issues in the ancient and medieval Georgian reality. It has been noted that, when dealing with numerous enemies from various countries, throughout the centuries the Georgian nation had employed diverse physical training systems, ensuring revitalization and toughening up of the society, and thus safeguarding the country’s security against the enemy onslaught. The end-text of the article focuses on the medieval Georgia and the sport and physical education-related activities of those times.

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“How Other Peoples Dwell and Build”

Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians ◽

10.1525/jsah.2019.78.4.409 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 78 (4) ◽

pp. 409-421

Author(s):

Marcel Vellinga

Keyword(s):

Urban Development ◽

Natural Environment ◽

Historical Development ◽

Architectural Design ◽

Vernacular Architecture ◽

International Perspective ◽

The Other ◽

Human Beings ◽

Human Settlements ◽

History Of

In 1953, architect, planner, and historian Erwin Anton Gutkind published a series of articles collectively titled “How Other Peoples Dwell and Build” in Architectural Design. At a glance, the series seems an anomaly in Gutkind's extensive oeuvre, and it remains little known in the field of vernacular architecture. In “How Other Peoples Dwell and Build”: Erwin Anton Gutkind and the Architecture of the Other, Marcel Vellinga aims to place the series within the broader context of Gutkind's writings. Running through Gutkind's work—and underlined in Vellinga's article—is the thesis that the historical development of human settlements mirrors the degenerating relationships between individuals and their communities, and between human beings and the natural environment. Thus, the Architectural Design series is an integral part of Gutkind's writings on the history of urban development. The series is one of the first architectural publications to focus on vernacular traditions from an international perspective and to emphasize the importance of studying vernacular architecture in its larger cultural and environmental contexts.

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Revisiting Brenda Almond’s view of Human Bonds

Philosophy and Progress ◽

10.3329/pp.v61i1-2.44207 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 147-164

Author(s):

Shamim Ara Pia

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Animal Rights ◽

Human Beings ◽

Contemporary Philosophy ◽

Philosophical Discussion ◽

Ethical Perspective ◽

Applied Philosophy ◽

History Of ◽

Prehistoric Time

In the prehistoric time, there was an inclination of human beings to protect their existence by living in societies. They confine themselves in the society because of having their qualities of mutual love and amity. The general tendencies of human beings are to develop bonds. These bonds happen in various ways. Society cannot survive without bonds. Bonds have significance in philosophical discussion. In the history of contemporary philosophy, applied philosophy is one of the several other aspects. Applied philosophy deals with Human rights, Euthanasia, Feminism, Abortion, Animal rights, Bonds etc. Brenda Almond, a leading figure in applied philosophy, has offered arguments in favor of her viewpoint regarding the importance of human bonds. In this paper, Almond‟s view on the nature and significance of bond has been analyzed. However, bond has also been studied from ethical perspective in this paper. And finally, it is claimed that marriage and cosmopolitanism make bonds stronger. Philosophy and Progress, Vol#61-62; No#1-2; Jan-Dec 2017 P 147-164

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The history of physical education : in the primary schools of New Zealand from 1874-1947.

10.26686/wgtn.17061047.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Donald Derek Beard

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Physical Education ◽

Physical Training ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Elementary Science ◽

Vocal Music ◽

English Grammar ◽

Object Lessons ◽

History Of

The 1877 Act, during the Habens period, enumerated the subjects of instruction as follows: reading, writing, arithmetic, English grammar, composition, geography, history, elementary science, drawing, object lessons, vocal music, and for girls sewing end needlework. A further clause stated that in public scttools provision shall be made for the instruction in military drill for all boys, and in such schools as the Board shall from time to time direct, provision shall also be made for physical training. There was no defined syllabus of training stated and the only other relevant clause in the Act was to the effect that wherever practicable there shall be attached to each school a playground ot least a quarter of an acre in area.<br>

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The history of physical education : in the primary schools of New Zealand from 1874-1947.

10.26686/wgtn.17061047 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Donald Derek Beard

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Physical Education ◽

Physical Training ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Elementary Science ◽

Vocal Music ◽

English Grammar ◽

Object Lessons ◽

History Of

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Physical education as a therapeutic method

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj78428 ◽

1926 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 1301-1301

Author(s):

M. Friedland

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Physical Training ◽

Natural Consequence ◽

Therapeutic Method ◽

Preventive Method ◽

History Of ◽

First Time

The main peculiarity of the book is that for the first time in the history of scientific physical training it treats the latter not as a preventive method, but as a therapeutic factor. Such an expansion of the scope of domestic physical education is, in fact, a natural consequence of its evolution.

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Features of Physical Training of Students to Pass the Standards of the GTO Complex for Strength

Development of education ◽

10.31483/r-97866 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 24-28

Author(s):

Elena Gennadevna Ermakova

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Physical Training ◽

Sedentary Lifestyle ◽

Gradual Increase ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Physical Quality ◽

Physical Exercises ◽

Strength Exercises ◽

Study Results ◽

History Of

The sphere of activity of students is associated with a sedentary lifestyle, they are at risk of many diseases that develop due to lack of physical activity. That is why there is a subject «physical education» in their curriculum. Educational institutions use the standards of the complex «Ready for Labor and Defense» (GTO) to assess the physical fitness of students. This article provides information about the history of the complex «Ready for Labor and Defense» (GTO) and its contribution to the lives of students, characterizes and reviews the features of physical training of students of strength orientation to pass the standards of the GTO for strength, lists the reasons for choosing the complex GTO as a way to assess students and conducts research to identify the effectiveness of using strength exercises necessary for students to achieve the standards of the complex GTO for strength, in the framework of physical education. Research Methods. Developed strength-oriented physical exercises were carried out in physical education classes, the method of a step-by-step increase in load with an individual approach, the method of control exercises and the method of comparative analysis of the first and second stages of the study. Results of the study. With the help of the conducted experiment a significant dynamic of all the results is observed, the comparative indicators are presented in the diagram, conclusions are drawn that systematic lessons strength orientation with a gradual increase in load, with improvement of technique of correct exercise contribute to the development of the physical quality «strength».

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Janet Burton and Karen Stöber, eds., Monasteries and Society in the British Isles in the Later Middle Ages. (Studies in the History of Medieval Religion, 35.) Woodbridge, Eng., and Rochester, N.Y.: Boydell and Brewer, 2008. Pp. xiv, 252; black-and-white figures and tables. $95.

Speculum ◽

10.1017/s0038713400018935 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 84 (02) ◽

pp. 516

Keyword(s):

Middle Ages ◽

British Isles ◽

Black And White ◽

History Of

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The Social Origins and Provenance of the English Bishops during the Reign of Edward II

Transactions of the Royal Historical Society ◽

10.1017/s0080440100017540 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 51-79

Author(s):

K. Edwards

Keyword(s):

Middle Ages ◽

Social Background ◽

Early Career ◽

The Political ◽

Social Origins ◽

Political Activities ◽

Edward Ii ◽

The Social ◽

Complete Study ◽

History Of

During the last twenty or twenty-five years medieval historians have been much interested in the composition of the English episcopate. A number of studies of it have been published on periods ranging from the eleventh to the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. A further paper might well seem superfluous. My reason for offering one is that most previous writers have concentrated on analysing the professional circles from which the bishops were drawn, and suggesting the influences which their early careers as royal clerks, university masters and students, secular or regular clergy, may have had on their later work as bishops. They have shown comparatively little interest in their social background and provenance, except for those bishops who belonged to magnate families. Some years ago, when working on the political activities of Edward II's bishops, it seemed to me that social origins, family connexions and provenance might in a number of cases have had at least as much influence on a bishop's attitude to politics as his early career. I there fore collected information about the origins and provenance of these bishops. I now think that a rather more careful and complete study of this subject might throw further light not only on the political history of the reign, but on other problems connected with the character and work of the English episcopate. There is a general impression that in England in the later middle ages the bishops' ties with their dioceses were becoming less close, and that they were normally spending less time in diocesan work than their predecessors in the thirteenth century.

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