scholarly journals The Impact of Economic Regulation on Retail Sector: Regulation of Business Hours of Large Discount Stores in South Korea

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-124
Author(s):  
Jung Kwangho ◽  
Lee Sooki
Keyword(s):  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Discount Retailers ◽  
Large Discount ◽  
The Impact

Recently the large discount retailers (LDRs) including large discount chains (e.g., Emart, Homeplus, and Lotte Mart) and super supermarkets (SSMs) have been at the center of disputes in the retail industries in Korea. The 2012 Distribution Industry Development Act has allowed the head of a city or county to regulate the business hours between large mega-retailers and small and family-run stores in the neighborhood. The regulation of the business hours of the large discount retailers may have heterogeneous effects on their sales depending on various contexts of the market situation. The reduction of the business hours assumes a significant negative effect on the amount of sales of LDRs. However, the degree of reduction may significantly differ from how the LDRs respond to the regulation. The reduction of sales of LDRs is natural if LDRs affected by the regulation do not make any effort to promote sales. On the other hand, if LDRs try to maintain their sales with various marketing strategies and resources, their sales may not decrease and even relatively increase compared to the size of the sales for LDRs that are not affected by the regulation. In addition, although the regulation of the business hours for LDRs can reduce operating hours, their sales may increase due to an increase of market demand in some growing places. For instance, the sales in LDRs located at the market place where new large housings and apartments have been growing may increase. The increasing demand derived from the new population growth can cancel out the decrease of the sales from the regulation of the business hours. Our findings, relying on using DID method before and after the regulation, show three different types of the impact of the regulation change on the sale of LDRs across five regions including decreasing, constant, and increasing patterns.

scholarly journals Admission Decisions Made by Emergency Physicians Can Reduce the Emergency Department Length of Stay for Medical Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yuri Choi ◽  
Jinwoo Jeong ◽  
Byoung-Gwon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Medical Patients ◽  
Emergency Physicians ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Admission Decisions ◽  
The Impact

Background. Emergency department (ED) overcrowding is a worldwide problem that poses a threat to patient safety by causing treatment delays and increasing mortality. Consultations are common and important in the emergency medicine profession and are associated with longer ED length of stay (LOS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of admission decisions by emergency physicians without consultations on the ED LOS and other quality indicators. Methods. The study was a retrospective observational study comparing the ED LOS of patients admitted to the internal medicine (IM) department before and after the policy change regarding admission decisions that was implemented in October 2016. During and after the policy change, emergency physicians decided how to arrange for and treat medical patients by processing their admission and providing follow-up care without consultations. The ED LOS and other indicators of patients admitted to the IM department were compared between the study period (January to June 2017) and the control period (January to June 2016). Results. The median ED LOS of patients admitted to the IM department decreased from 673 (IQR: 347–1,369) minutes in the control period to 237 (IQR: 166–364) minutes in the study period. There were no significant differences in the interdepartmental transfer rate or in-hospital mortality between the two periods. Conclusions. The admission decisions regarding medical patients made by emergency physicians without specialty consultations reduced the ED LOS without a significant negative effect on mortality or hospital LOS.

scholarly journals Impact of Nesting Socotra Cormorants on Terrestrial Invertebrate Communities

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 615
Author(s):  
Hiba Al Shehhi ◽  
Sabir Bin Muzaffar
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Soil Invertebrate ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Terrestrial Invertebrate ◽  
Invertebrate Abundance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

Seabirds and some inland waterbirds nest in densely aggregated colonies. Nesting activities for a duration of months could lead to large quantities of guano deposition that affects the soil chemistry, flora and fauna. We assessed the effects of nesting Socotra Cormorants on soil invertebrates on Siniya Island, United Arab Emirates. Artificial substrate traps were set in nesting and non-nesting areas to sample invertebrates both before and after nesting had occurred. Diversity of soil invertebrate taxa decreased significantly in nesting areas compared to non-nesting areas after the commencement of nesting. This indicated that nesting activities had a negative effect on diversity. Among selected taxa, isopods and spiders decreased significantly in response to nesting activities. In contrast, ants were likely affected by habitat while beetles did not change significantly in response to nesting activities, suggesting that their numbers probably fluctuated in relation to seasonality. Ticks increased significantly but only in non-nesting areas. Thus, the impact of nesting varied between taxa depending on life history and seasonality. Our observations reflect the dynamic nature of invertebrate abundance that is affected by seasonality and the hyper-abundance of nesting seabirds.

scholarly journals A Study on Effectiveness of FDI on Unorganised Retail Sector of India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
N Kannan ◽  
A Kumar ◽  
P Lakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Open Economy ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Market Place ◽  
The World ◽  
Major Reform ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tremendous Challenge

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays a very vital role in economic development for any developing and under-developing nation, the largest democracy, and the second-largest populated country in the world is facing a tremendous challenge to fight against inflation and unemployment. FDI can provide the life-blood to the Indian economy. Though late the UPA-II Government, headed by Dr. Manmohan Singh, has decided the d on November-2012, in respect of proposals involving FDI beyond 52 percent, it is mandatory to source 30 percent of the value of the goods purchased from India, preferably MSMEs. Making India is the most open economy in the world, Modi Government announced its second major reform in FDI soon after its deep-seated changes. The Government, since the beginning, has been taken steps to boost FDI in the country to create a different climate so that foreign investors feel confident in investing. Putting an end to the long-standing discussion on the Processing of e-commerce in India, Government permitted 100 percent FDI in the market place format e-commerce retailing and also come up with the definition of a marketplace and inventoryled models of e-commerce. All these factors are dwindling purchasing from unorganized retail shops. This research paper will try to find out the impact of FDI on the unorganized retail sector in India as well as the effectiveness of FDI on Agro Products.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE TOURISM SECTOR IN INDONESIA

Riset ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 389-401
Author(s):  
Jan Horas Veryady Purba ◽  
Ritha Fathiah ◽  
Steven Steven
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

The tourism is one of the strategic sectors and has an important role as a source of foreign exchange and encourages national economic growth. Since March 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic has begun to enter Indonesia, and the cumulative infection curve has not sloped, and is still increasing exponentially until now. This phenomenon has resulted in a contraction in the Indonesian economy or created negative economic growth, as well as creating very bad conditions for the tourism sector in Indonesia. This study aims to examine the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on tourism and its implications for economic growth in Indonesia. The data used are quarterly time series data before and after the Covid-19 Pandemic (2018-2020). This study uses a regression equation model that is estimated by using ordinary least square (OLS). Secondary data used are data air transport and hotel accommodation, as a proxy for tourism variables. The results show that the Covid-19 Pandemic has a negative effect on Indonesian tourism, and has negative implications for Indonesia's GDP. From the simulation results, the findings of this study also calculate the amount of potential lost in the Turism and Indonesian economy during the Covid-19 Pandemic.

scholarly journals Stopping the misinformation: BNT16b2 COVID-19 vaccine has no negative effect on women's fertility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Safrai ◽  
Amihai Rottenstreich ◽  
Shmuel Herzberg ◽  
Tal Imbar ◽  
Benjamin Reubinoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Icsi Cycle ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To investigate the possible impact of Pfizer-BioNTech's mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine on women's fertility. Methods: A retrospective single-center study examining women's IVF treatment parameters and pregnancies before and after their vaccination between February and May 2021. Each woman served as a self-control before and after vaccination. Additionally, in order to neutralize the effect of the sperm on fertilization, only Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) patients who were currently being treated with an ICSI cycle and had an earlier ICSI cycle available were included in the study. The study outcomes compared between the PRE and POST vaccination groups and consisted of: the IVF cycle outcomes, including the number of oocytes retrieved; the number of matured oocytes; the fertilization rate; and the number and quality of embryos at day 3. Clinical pregnancy was based on the first hCG value reported if the data were available for both cycles. Results: A final total of 47 women were eligible for inclusion with a mean interval of 362 +/- 368 days between the two ovum pick ups. The characteristics of their ICSI cycles before and after the vaccination were similar for all the parameters. Additionally, the number and percentage of clinical pregnancies did not significantly differ between the PRE and POST vaccination groups (n=15). Conclusion: This study is the first to evaluate the impact of the BNT162b2 vaccine on women's fertility. From our findings, the vaccine appears to have no impact on women's fertility. This study is the first step in abolishing the misinformation derived from unreliable sources and reassuring patients in order to improve compliance and promote COVID-19 eradication.

scholarly journals Effects of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Portuguese Children’s Motor Competence

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
André Pombo ◽  
Carlos Luz ◽  
Cristina de Sá ◽  
Luis Paulo Rodrigues ◽  
Rita Cordovil
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Lower Quartile ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Motor Tests ◽  
The Impact

During long periods without school, children are more susceptible to unhealthy behaviors, such as an increase in sedentary behaviors, which has a negative impact on children’s motor competence (MC). The COVID-19 lockdown offered us a unique opportunity to test, in a quasi-experimental setting, the impact of lockdown movement restrictions on children’s MC. We assessed the motor competence of 114 children aged 6–9 years using the motor competence assessment. All children were tested before and after the COVID-19 lockdown. Chi-square and 2 × 2 ANOVA (sex by moment) were used to further analyze the data. Regardless of sex, motor performances in all tests (except for jumping sideways in boys) were lower when compared with performances before lockdown. There was a marked decreasing trend in children’s levels of MC, shifting from an upper to a lower quartile in different tests. The results after the lockdown were always significantly inferior to the results before lockdown in all motor tests (except jumping sideways), in the three components of MC, and in global MC. Children’s global MC score decreased by an average of 13 points in boys and 16 points in girls. The imposed movement restrictions had a negative effect on children’s motor competence development.

scholarly journals Colonialism and Development in Africa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leander Heldring ◽  
James A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Colonial Period ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Average Effect ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

In this article, we evaluate the impact of colonialism on development in sub-Saharan Africa. In the world context, colonialism had very heterogeneous effects, operating through many mechanisms—sometimes encouraging development, sometimes retarding it. In the African case, however, this heterogeneity is muted, making an assessment of the average effect more interesting. To draw conclusions, it is necessary to know not just what actually happened to development during the colonial period but also what might have happened without colonialism and its legacy. In light of plausible counterfactuals, colonialism probably had a uniformly negative effect on development in Africa. To develop this claim, we distinguish between three sorts of colonies, each with a distinct performance within the cultural period, different counterfactuals, and varied legacies.

scholarly journals Pandemic Impact on Lithuania‘s tour operators

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Greta Gruodė ◽  
Irena Achonen ◽  
Jolita Variakojiene
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Relevant Factor ◽  
Business World ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Domestic Tourism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

Lithuania tourism market was one of the fastest growing in Europe in 2019. All around the globe 2019 was a year of records for travelling, but 2020 changed everything. At the moment COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most important and relevant factor for influencing Tourism sector. It changed the way we‘re working, travelling, communicating, it had a huge negative effect on specific sectors there people meet, spend time together. Tour operators are one of the most affected in the business world because of economic and political reasons: for most of the year countries have travelling restrictions, borders closed, obligation for testing before and after travelling and in general consumer behaviour is changed due to the safety reasons. This paper aims to analyze the impact of pandemic to Lithuania‘s Tour operators as well as present the overview of previous year numbers of tourism. Qantative research – a survey was conducted with the most active Lithuania‘s tour operators, working with inbound, outbound and domestic tourism in order to find out their opinion of previous year and currently happening change. Results are presented in a paper. Topic is extreemly relevant these days and the paper reveal the current situation in Lithuania‘s travel market.

Strategic Role of Zakat in Multidimensional Quality of Life in Sijunjung, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Herlin Hamimi ◽  
Abdul Ghafar Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Hasbi Zaenal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Impact

Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam which has a function of faith, social and economic functions. Muslims who can pay zakat are required to give at least 2.5 per cent of their wealth. The problem of poverty prevalent in disadvantaged regions because of the difficulty of access to information and communication led to a gap that is so high in wealth and resources. The instrument of zakat provides a paradigm in the achievement of equitable wealth distribution and healthy circulation. Zakat potentially offers a better life and improves the quality of human being. There is a human quality improvement not only in economic terms but also in spiritual terms such as improving religiousity. This study aims to examine the role of zakat to alleviate humanitarian issues in disadvantaged regions such as Sijunjung, one of zakat beneficiaries and impoverished areas in Indonesia. The researcher attempted a Cibest method to capture the impact of zakat beneficiaries before and after becoming a member of Zakat Community Development (ZCD) Program in material and spiritual value. The overall analysis shows that zakat has a positive impact on disadvantaged regions development and enhance the quality of life of the community. There is an improvement in the average of mustahik household incomes after becoming a member of ZCD Program. Cibest model demonstrates that material, spiritual, and absolute poverty index decreased by 10, 5, and 6 per cent. Meanwhile, the welfare index is increased by 21 per cent. These findings have significant implications for developing the quality of life in disadvantaged regions in Sijunjung. Therefore, zakat is one of the instruments to change the status of disadvantaged areas to be equivalent to other areas.

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