Koni as one of the founders of deontology in Russia

The subject of research is the concept of practical ethics by Anatoly F. Koni who was an outstanding Russian lawyer in the late 19th – beginning of 20th centuries. Particular attention is paid to his ethical research in the article. The interest in this area is not accidental. The principles of professional ethics formulated by Koni have become largely a model for Russian lawyers.The purpose of the article is to identify the stages of the formation of Koni’s ethical theory, its main elements and sources, which made it possible to reconstruct the ideas of the famous lawyer.As the main research methods the authors applied the problem-chronological approach and the systemic approach, considering Koni's ethics as an emerging theory, which turned into a complete concept in the 1920s. The structure of the ethical concept was outlined by Koni in 1919 in the Program "Ethics of Cohabitation".The main results, scope of application. It was revealed that for Koni issues of legal ethics were only part of his colossal work on ethics. He has been developing ethical themes since the 1880s. He formed the foundations of the theory, developed the main types of ethics at the beginning of the twentieth century, and the idea crystallized in the 1920s. In particular, he formulated the types of ethics: public order, financial, literary, public events, medical, conscience, national, personal behavior, etc. After going through three successive stages in the course of the study Koni developed the foundations of practical ethics, which could serve as a model for creating relations in a new society as he assumed. Koni chose ethics as the object of his scientific research. He made great efforts to develop his deontology, which we will not find any analogues of. He contributed to the philosophy and philosophy of law. He summarized all his works on deontology in the work "Ethics of the Cohabitation", which was prepared in 1927, but have never been published.Conclusions. Koni not only collected moments of crisis in contemporary ethical manifestations, analyzed the works of the main deontologists, analyzed in detail the types of ethics (some of which he formulated for the first time in science), but also formed a harmonious practical ethics of human personal behavior. At the same time Koni assumed such a development of a sensitive personality that would be able to take into account the smallest men-tal characteristics of other people and behave tactfully as much as possible. He returned to ethical issues in numerous works over and over again whether he wrote about social ills, about psychology, about expertise. He saw the main causes of deformations in the destruction of ethical principles. "Moral perversions" threatened the very existence of the state. He perceived the fall of Russia in 1917 as a logical completion of the disintegration of ethics. Koni saw a future salvation in the revival of Russia. His ethical ideal was Christian in nature in many ways, although Koni himself almost never connected ethics with religion in his works. Here he acted as a Kantian, as a supporter of the categorical imperative.

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On Being a Punk and a Scholar: A Reflexive Account of Researching a Punk Scene in Russia

Sociological Research Online ◽

10.5153/sro.3486 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 135-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ivan Gololobov

Keyword(s):

Ethical Issues ◽

Academic Career ◽

Social World ◽

Ethnographic Research ◽

Methodological Framework ◽

Main Research ◽

Research Paradigms ◽

Ethnographic Studies ◽

Youth Subcultures ◽

The University

Ethnographic studies of youth subcultures, scenes and urban tribes often rely on insiders’ accounts, where researchers investigate a social environment of which they are presently or formerly members. This approach raises important questions about the positionality of the researcher, and the reflexivity, epistemology and ethics of an ethnographic investigation, as different roles and engagement with the field, as well as the very identity of the ‘field’ itself, no longer fit into the methodological framework of traditional ethnography. This article explores the difficulties that arise during ethnographic research on one's own social world. I was actively involved in the Russian punk scene before pursuing my academic career in England, and in the framework of a research project on post-socialist punk at the University of Warwick, I went back to study this milieu as a ‘field’ in two different sites in 2009 and in 2010. The article shows the complexity of researching one's own subculture and demonstrates that active discentring of the ‘knowing authority’ in studying one's own ‘tribe’ necessarily involves a transformation of its main research paradigms, where epistemological and ethical issues appear to be rearranged in a new way which radically affects the methodological foundations of such an investigation.

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How Important is Gambling in National GDP: Case Study from Austria, Croatia, Italy and Slovenia

ECONOMICS ◽

10.2478/eoik-2019-0004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 31-49

Author(s):

Andrej Raspor ◽

Iva Bulatović ◽

Ana Stranjančević ◽

Darko Lacmanović

Keyword(s):

Research Question ◽

The State ◽

State Budget ◽

Significant Information ◽

Main Research ◽

Benchmark Analysis ◽

The World ◽

State Budgets ◽

The Given ◽

First Time

Abstract Purpose – The situation in the field of gambling is changing due to the rise of Internet and Mobile gambling. In general gambling consumption is increasing every year, but the distribution of consumption has radically changed from Land Based gambling to Remote gambling. The purpose of this article is to present an overview of the world gambling industry and a specific overview in Austria, Croatia, Italy and Slovenia in order to find some main similarities and differences in observed period. Design/Methodology/Approach – The main research question is How important is gambling for the involved countries and what proportion of the national GDP does the gambling revenue account for? This paper presents the analysis of five statistical databases for the last sixteen years in order to find out some patterns, cyclical or seasonal features or other significant information that allows us to do forecasting of the future revenue with a certain degree of accuracy. We have systematically searched and collected data from the World Bank and the National Statistical Offices websites of the given countries. Statistical methods were used for benchmark analysis, while Box and Jenkins approach and ARIMA modelling were used for forecasting. Findings – The smallest increase was recorded in Slovenia and the largest in Italy. The same effects were also observed in the GDP of these countries. Thus, the state budgets of Croatia and Italy are increasingly dependent on gambling taxes. It also has negative wages. The gambling addictions among the locals have become more frequent as well. Originality of the research – The article shows the forecasts of the gambling revenue and its share in the GDP by 2027. We want to alert decision makers to adopt appropriate policies. States need to rethink their views on gambling and the excessive dependence of the state budget on gambling taxes. This is the first time a single comparative analysis of these countries and the above mentioned forecast has been conducted.

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Gravidographics: A Health Lifestyle Segmentation of Pregnant Women in Transition to First Time Motherhood

10.26686/wgtn.17008555 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Jayne Krisjanous

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Health Behaviour ◽

Survey Design ◽

Life Stage ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Main Research ◽

Health Lifestyle ◽

Novel Approach ◽

First Time ◽

The Way

<p>The purpose of this thesis is to contribute a new health psychographic/ lifestyle segmentation of pregnant women in New Zealand who are in transition to first time motherhood. It provides a better understanding of the make up of the market and the way it aggregates into health lifestyle segments. By using a wide selection of pre-existing and pregnancy related health and attitude dimensions, it complements existing understanding and classifications of pregnancy health lifestyle. First, the study richly describes pregnancy health behaviour within a representative cohort of pregnant women in a transitional lifestyle using a holistic framework. It takes into account lifestyle as made up of a combination of factors and underlying motivations. Furthermore, it establishes the application of 'lifestyle' as it is used in marketing as legitimate for the study of a transitional health lifestyle. The research is cross disciplinary, and for that reason, integrates two perhaps seemingly disparate (marketing and health) understandings of lifestyle, using a somewhat novel approach. It is inclusive of high risk pregnant women and a much less oft studied group, normal, healthy or low risk women. Second, a key component of this study is the seminal development of a segmentation typology that classifies women's health in pregnancy through a situation specific psychographic approach. This typology has been termed 'Gravidographics', and identifies segments of pregnant women, who have distinct or unique identifiers in regard to their pregnancy health lifestyle. This knowledge will be useful for health behaviour change through social marketing and also the design and targeting of products and services to specific groups of pregnant consumers. A third focus of the study is the examination of health lifestyle within the concept of life stage transition. As pregnancy marks the transit into a new life stage, there are many adaptations that need to be made, and several underlying factors influence the way such a journey is approached and achieved. The study is exploratory and the conceptual framework, derived predominantly from the marketing and health literature, guides the study and informs development of the data collection tools. Eight main research questions are explored. The study uses a survey design and is cross sectional, with quantitative enquiry the dominant logic. A survey using a self administered health psychographic questionnaire was distributed by Lead Maternity Carers to pregnant women in their care. A sample of 478 women was obtained for this stage of the study. Quantitative analysis was undertaken through descriptive statistics and bi-variate analyses. Secondly, two step clustering was undertaken to develop pregnancy health lifestyle clusters. Four health lifestyle segments were identified. These segments were then profiled against additional variables and data that led to rich descriptions of each segment. Several managerial recommendations are made that will assist in the delivery and positioning of maternity health goods and services particularly in regard to healthcare marketing and segmentation. Secondly, recommendations for future marketing communication strategies targeting pregnant women are made. Through this work, the study's ultimate aim; making an academic contribution to knowledge that will lead to improved health outcomes for mother and baby, has been achieved.</p>

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“OBJEKTFORMEL” – EVENTUAL ACTS OF DAMAGE TO HUMAN DIGNITY

Agora International Journal of Juridical Sciences ◽

10.15837/aijjs.v8i4.1595 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 19-26

Author(s):

Izabela Bratiloveanu

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Human Dignity ◽

Constitutional Law ◽

Categorical Imperative ◽

Constitutional Court ◽

European Court ◽

Federal Constitutional ◽

German Constitutional Law ◽

First Time

The Object formula („Objecktformel”) has been designed and developed in the mid century XX by Günter Dürig, starting from the second formula of Kant's categorical imperative. The Federal Constitutional Court of Germany took the formula and applied it for the first time in the case of the telephone conversations of December 15, 1970. The Object formula („Objecktformel”) was taken from the German constitutional law and applied in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights.

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USE OF ORGANIZATION AND ENGINEERING IN EVENT TOURISM

GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM ◽

10.17721/2308-135x.2020.59.22-28 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 22-28

Author(s):

Svitlana Tyshchenko ◽

Taisiіa Chernyshova ◽

Snizhana Mutasova

Keyword(s):

System Analysis ◽

Technical Support ◽

Point Of View ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Wide Audience ◽

Main Research ◽

Goal Development ◽

Effective System ◽

Event Tourism ◽

First Time

The article discusses the main problems of the implementation of event tourism in certain territories, which primarily include: short-term event; the scale of the event; placement in a natural area; lack of sufficient means of accommodation and services for tourists; style of events and the like. Goal. Development of an effective system of organizational and technical support for event tourism events. Methodology. The main research methods, in order to achieve the goal, are the analysis of engineering support, the classification of mobile homes for event tourism and the modeling of requirements for them based on the system analysis of event tourism technologies. Results. The organizational and technical support of event tourism activities proposed in the article will reduce the technogenic load on the local natural landscapes of natural areas in the places where event events are held. This will contribute to the formation of a higher culture, the style of their conduct, which will make it possible to undertake events of event tourism in regions that are even more attractive to a wide audience of tourists not only in our country, but also abroad. This method of organizational and technical support can also be used for holding rallies, forums, conferences and other events. Important for the success of the development of event tourism and the correct organization of organizational and engineering support is the formation of a calendar of events, which makes it possible to approach all future events in a planned manner, from the point of view of engineering and technical support, later will give its positive results. Scientific novelty. The current state of the use of mobile houses in event tourism on the territory of Ukraine is analyzed for the first time. For the first time, the calendar of the territory of the Stanishovskaya OTG of the Zhytomyr region was compiled for 2020-2021. Practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the compiled calendar of event tourism will be used by OTG "Stanishovskaya" in full and taking into account our recommendations regarding the holding of mass events.

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To Kill a Mockingbird and Legal Ethics: On the Role of Atticus Finch’s Attic Rhetoric in Fulfillment of Duties to Client, to Court, to Society, and to Self

British Journal of American Legal Studies ◽

10.2478/bjals-2019-0011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 289-325

Author(s):

Michelle Kundmueller

Keyword(s):

Ethical Conduct ◽

Professional Conduct ◽

Legal Ethics ◽

To Kill A Mockingbird ◽

Public Citizen ◽

First Time ◽

Special Responsibility

Abstract Atticus Finch, protagonist of Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird and longtime hero of the American bar, is well known, but he is not well understood. This article unlocks the secret to his status as the most admired of fictional attorneys by demonstrating the role that his rhetoric plays in his exemplary fulfillment of the duties of an attorney to zealously represent clients, to serve as an officer of the court, and to act as a public citizen with a special responsibility for the quality of justice. Always using the simplest accurate wording, focusing on reason over emotion, and speaking in the same manner whether in private or in public, Atticus’s rhetoric exemplifies the ancient Roman style known by students of rhetoric as “Attic.” Using this style to navigate the potential for conflict among his duties, Atticus reveals the power, the elegance, and the ethical necessity of Attic rhetoric. Connecting Atticus’s name to the Attic style of rhetoric for the first time, this article advances several scholarly debates by demonstrating the mutual compatibility of the duties imposed by the Model Rules of Professional Conduct and proffering a powerful tool to attorneys seeking to practice or to teach improved ethical conduct.

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Legal ethics

Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy ◽

10.4324/9780415249126-l139-1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Richard Tur

Keyword(s):

Conflict Of Interest ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Applied Ethics ◽

Legal Ethics ◽

Role Morality ◽

The Third ◽

Integral Element ◽

Principles And Standards ◽

Set Up

Legal ethics can be considered from at least three related viewpoints. First, as ‘professional ethics’, it is a corpus of rules, principles and standards, often embodied in a written code and disseminated, applied and enforced by appropriate governing bodies as a guide to the professional conduct of lawyers. Legal professions set up specific institutions and officers to monitor and assist practitioners and to accumulate experience and expertise in applying detailed provisions in morally complex situations. For some commentators this is primarily regulation or administration and not ethics at all, but for others it is ethics in action or ‘applied ethics’. ‘Applied ethics’ is the second aspect of legal ethics, distinguished from ethics in general by the focus on ethical issues in the context of legal practice, including confidentiality, conflict of interest or acting for a morally disreputable client. Interesting though such questions may be in themselves, some writers do not acknowledge that they are truly questions of ethics, because the duties and privileges of specialist functional groups generally and lawyers in particular are not universalizable. For others, including some feminist ethicists, the ‘agent as such’ does not exist and we all encounter moral difficulties and problems, if we encounter them at all, only in the context of some specific relationship or role, for example in the role of a lawyer. Legal ethics thus requires an analysis of role morality. The third aspect of legal ethics is as an integral element in general philosophical and legal education.

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Food label design – exploring the literature

British Food Journal ◽

10.1108/bfj-06-2019-0452 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 122 (3) ◽

pp. 766-778

Author(s):

Maria Elena Latino ◽

Marta Menegoli ◽

Angelo Corallo

Keyword(s):

Best Practices ◽

Child Nutrition ◽

Product Evaluation ◽

Food Labelling ◽

Food Label ◽

Content Type ◽

Main Research ◽

Research Fields ◽

New Policies ◽

First Time

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the main research fields concerning food label designs and build a topic overview. To this end, the literature review method was chosen.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 121 papers was identified and analyzed using bibliometric analysis. Journals, articles, authors of the sample and the term co-occurrence map, which represents the recurring themes and organizes them in clusters, were defined. To recognize the main research fields, starting from analyzing the terms that compose each cluster, the results were discussed in a focus group composed of five experts.FindingsFood labelling theories are distinctly related to eight research fields: consumer behaviour analysis, consumer willingness evaluation, consumer product evaluation, nutrition and health, daily foodstuff and meal effects, food industry and related products, impacts on market and society and child nutrition.Research limitations/implicationsSeveral stakeholders could be interested in the results of this paper. Food companies could identify the best practices in food labelling theories to improve their products and labels. Governments could understand how social policies are acknowledged by consumers and how to create new policies. Researchers could identify new issues to investigate. The results could also facilitate bibliographical referencing for those who approach this topic for the first time.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, studies on food label theories explore the themes from the consumer’s perspective. The authors’ study, in contrast, focused on recognizing the research fields where food label designs are addressed.

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The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Archaeology

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199987870.001.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Material Culture ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Global Scale ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Islamic Art ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

And Migration ◽

Islamic Archaeology ◽

First Time

Born from the fields of Islamic art and architectural history, the archaeological study of the Islamic societies is a relatively young discipline. With its roots in the colonial periods of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, its rapid development since the 1980s warrants a reevaluation of where the field stands today. This Handbook represents for the first time a survey of Islamic archaeology on a global scale, describing its disciplinary development and offering candid critiques of the state of the field today in the Central Islamic Lands, the Islamic West, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia. The international contributors to the volume address such themes as the timing and process of Islamization, the problems of periodization and regionalism in material culture, cities and countryside, cultural hybridity, cultural and religious diversity, natural resource management, international trade in the later historical periods, and migration. Critical assessments of the ways in which archaeologists today engage with Islamic cultural heritage and local communities closes the volume, highlighting the ethical issues related to studying living cultures and religions.

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Extending XCS with Cyclic Graphs for Scalability on Complex Boolean Problems

Evolutionary Computation ◽

10.1162/evco_a_00167 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 173-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Muhammad Iqbal ◽

Will N. Browne ◽

Mengjie Zhang

Keyword(s):

Building Blocks ◽

Digital Design ◽

Computational Time ◽

High Dimensional ◽

Classifier Systems ◽

Problem Size ◽

Main Research ◽

Classifier System ◽

Cyclic Representation ◽

First Time

A main research direction in the field of evolutionary machine learning is to develop a scalable classifier system to solve high-dimensional problems. Recently work has begun on autonomously reusing learned building blocks of knowledge to scale from low-dimensional problems to high-dimensional ones. An XCS-based classifier system, known as XCSCFC, has been shown to be scalable, through the addition of expression tree–like code fragments, to a limit beyond standard learning classifier systems. XCSCFC is especially beneficial if the target problem can be divided into a hierarchy of subproblems and each of them is solvable in a bottom-up fashion. However, if the hierarchy of subproblems is too deep, then XCSCFC becomes impractical because of the needed computational time and thus eventually hits a limit in problem size. A limitation in this technique is the lack of a cyclic representation, which is inherent in finite state machines (FSMs). However, the evolution of FSMs is a hard task owing to the combinatorially large number of possible states, connections, and interaction. Usually this requires supervised learning to minimize inappropriate FSMs, which for high-dimensional problems necessitates subsampling or incremental testing. To avoid these constraints, this work introduces a state-machine-based encoding scheme into XCS for the first time, termed XCSSMA. The proposed system has been tested on six complex Boolean problem domains: multiplexer, majority-on, carry, even-parity, count ones, and digital design verification problems. The proposed approach outperforms XCSCFA (an XCS that computes actions) and XCSF (an XCS that computes predictions) in three of the six problem domains, while the performance in others is similar. In addition, XCSSMA evolved, for the first time, compact and human readable general classifiers (i.e., solving any n-bit problems) for the even-parity and carry problem domains, demonstrating its ability to produce scalable solutions using a cyclic representation.

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