Rubber and Artificial Resins as “Liquids with Fixed Structures”

1941 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-785
Author(s):  
Kurt Ueberreiter
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Artificial Materials ◽  
Theoretical Reasoning

Abstract Numerous investigations, particularly in recent years, have served to throw much light on the relation between the inner structure and mechanical properties of artificial substances. The rapidly developing, industrial production of artificial materials has given considerable impetus to these investigations, since, as has often been pointed out, the solid state of organic materials represents the practical and usable form of artificial products. Basing his opinion on the fundamental researches of Tammann, Jenckel has classified many artificial substances as glasses; Houwink and others have seen in colloidal structures certain fundamentally important principles; and Kuhn, starting from purely theoretical reasoning, has explained rubberlike elasticity on a basis of molecular kinetics. In renewing the study of the freezing of liquids, an idea was developed which proved to be very helpful in guiding further research, and represented a step toward a better understanding of earlier theories. This new point of view will be discussed in the following pages.

scholarly journals Microstructure and mechanical properties of solid state recycled 4Cr5MoSiV (H11) steel prepared by powder metallurgy

2021 ◽  
pp. 100184
Author(s):  
Gyanendra Bhatta ◽  
Luis De Los Santos Valladares ◽  
Xinggang Liu ◽  
Zhaojun Ma ◽  
A. Bustamante Domínguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties

scholarly journals Proton-conductive coordination polymer glass for solid-state anhydrous proton batteries

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 5818-5824
Author(s):  
Nattapol Ma ◽  
Soracha Kosasang ◽  
Atsushi Yoshida ◽  
Satoshi Horike
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Coordination Polymer ◽  
Proton Battery ◽  
Polymer Glass

Melt-quenched coordination polymer glass shows exclusive H+ conductivity (8.0 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 120 °C, anhydrous) and optimal mechanical properties (42.8 Pa s at 120 °C), enables the operation of an all-solid-state proton battery from RT to 110 °C.

scholarly journals Organotin(IV) selenate derivatives – Crystal structure of [{(Ph3Sn)2SeO4} ⋅ CH3OH] n

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
Waly Diallo ◽  
Hélène Cattey ◽  
Laurent Plasseraud
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds

Abstract Crystallization of [(Ph3Sn)2SeO4] ⋅ 1.5H2O in methanol leads to the formation of [{(Ph3Sn)2SeO4} ⋅ CH3OH] n (1) which constitutes a new specimen of organotin(IV) selenate derivatives. In the solid state, complex 1 is arranged in polymeric zig-zag chains, composed of alternating Ph3Sn and SeO4 groups. In addition, pendant Ph3Sn ⋅ CH3OH moieties are branched along chains according to a syndiotactic organization and via Sn-O-Se connections. From a supramolecular point of view, intermolecular hydrogen bonds established between the selenate groups (uncoordinated oxygen) and the hydroxyl functions (CH3OH) of the pendant groups link the chains together.

Rheology of hydrocarbon gels

1950 ◽  
Vol 200 (1061) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Measurement ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Continuous Media ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Testing Instrument ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Space And Time

Hydrocarbon gels contain a number of materials, such as rubber, greases, saponified mineral oils, etc., of great interest for various engineering purposes. Specific requirements in mechanical properties have been met by producing gels in appropriately chosen patterns of constituent components of visible, colloidal, molecular and atomic sizes, ranging from coarse-grained aggregates, represented by sponges, foams, emulsions, etc.; to fine-grained and apparently homogeneous ones, represented by optically clear compounds. The engineer who has to deal with the whole range of such materials will adopt a macroscopic point of view, based on an apparent continuity of all the material structures and of the distributions in space and time of the displacements and forces occurring under mechanical actions. It has been possible to determine these distributions in the framework of a comprehensive scheme in which the fundamental principles of the mechanics of continuous media provide the theoretical basis, and a testing instrument of new design, termed Rheogoniometer, the means of experimental measurement (Weissenberg 1931, 1934, 1946, 1947, 1948).

Mechanical Properties of Thixoformed 7075 Feedstock Produced via the Direct Thermal Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 1569-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asnul Hadi Ahmad ◽  
Sumsun Naher ◽  
Dermot Brabazon
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Thermal Method ◽  
Test Unit ◽  
Pouring Temperature ◽  
Injection Test ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Conventionally Cast

Abstracts: This paper presents an overview of measured mechanical properties of thixoformed aluminium 7075 feedstock produced by the direct thermal method (DTM). The DTM feedstock billets were processed with a pouring temperature of 685 °C and holding periods of 20 s, 40 s and 60 s before being quenched and subsequently thixoformed. A conventionally cast feedstock billet was produced with a pouring temperature of 685 °C and was allowed to solidify without quenching. The feedstock billets were later formed by an injection test unit in the semi-solid state. Tensile testing was then conducted on the thixoformed feedstock billets. Tensile properties for 7075 DTM thixoformed feedstock billets were found significantly influenced by the thixoformed component density. Samples with longer holding times were found to have higher density and higher tensile strength.

The Fabricated Collagen-Based Nano-Hydroxyapatite/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds

2012 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ebrahimi ◽  
Naruporn Monmaturapoj ◽  
S. Suttapreyasri ◽  
P. Pripatnanont
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
Collagen Coating ◽  
Dimensional Shrinkage

The biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) concept was introduced to overcome disadvantages of single phase biomaterials. In this study, we prepared BCP from nanoHA and β-TCP that were synthesized via a solid state reaction. Three different ratios of pure BCP and collagen-based BCP scaffolds (%HA/%β-TCP; 30/70, 40/60 and 50/50) were produced using a polymeric sponge method. Physical and mechanical properties of all materials and scaffolds were investigated. XRD pattern proved the purity of each HA, β-TCP and BCP. SEM showed overall distribution of macropores (80-200 µm) with appropriate interconnected porosities. Total porosity of pure BCP (93% ± 2) was found to be higher than collagen-based BCP (85%± 3). It was observed that dimensional shrinkage of larger scaffold (39% ± 4) is lower than smaller one (42% ± 5) and scaffolds with higher HA (50%) ratio experienced greater shrinkage than those with higher β-TCP (70%) ratio (45% ±3 and 36% ±1 respectively). Mechanical properties of both groups tend to be very low and collagen coating had no influence on mechanical behavior. Further studies may improve the physical properties of these composite BCP.

Creep and Anisotropy of Free-Standing Lithium Metal Foils in an Industrial Dry Room

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Lara Dienemann ◽  
Anil Saigal ◽  
Michael A Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solid State ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Metal Anode ◽  
Lithium Metal Batteries ◽  
Lithium Metal Anode ◽  
Solid State Batteries

Abstract Commercialization of energy-dense lithium metal batteries relies on stable and uniform plating and stripping on the lithium metal anode. In electrochemical-mechanical modeling of solid-state batteries, there is a lack of consideration of specific mechanical properties of battery-grade lithium metal. Defining these characteristics is crucial for understanding how lithium ions plate on the lithium metal anode, how plating and stripping affect deformation of the anode and its interfacing material, and whether dendrites are suppressed. Recent experiments show that the dominant mode of deformation of lithium metal is creep. This study measures the time and temperature dependent mechanics of two thicknesses of commercial lithium anodes inside an industrial dry room, where battery cells are manufactured at high volume. Furthermore, a directional study examines the anisotropic microstructure of 100 µm thick lithium anodes and its effect on bulk creep mechanics. It is shown that these lithium anodes undergo plastic creep as soon as a coin cell is manufactured at a pressure of 0.30 MPa, and achieving thinner lithium foils, a critical goal for solid-state lithium batteries, is correlated to anisotropy in both lithium's microstructure and mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Bioaccessibility of Marine Carotenoids

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Viera ◽  
Antonio Pérez-Gálvez ◽  
María Roca
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Market Area ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Determination Methods ◽  
Nutraceutical Properties

The benefit of carotenoids to human health is undeniable and consequently, their use for this purpose is growing rapidly. Additionally, the nutraceutical properties of carotenoids have attracted attention of the food industry, especially in a new market area, the ‘cosmeceuticals.’ Marine organisms (microalgae, seaweeds, animals, etc.) are a rich source of carotenoids, with optimal properties for industrial production and biotechnological manipulation. Consequently, several papers have reviewed the analysis, characterization, extraction and determination methods, biological functions and industrial applications. But, now, the bioaccessibility and bioactivity of marine carotenoids has not been focused of any review, although important achievements have been published. The specific and diverse characteristic of the marine matrix determines the bioavailability of carotenoids, some of them unique in the nature. Considering the importance of the bioavailability not just from the health and nutritional point of view but also to the food and pharmaceutical industry, we consider that the present review responds to an actual demand.

Influence of Heat Treatment on Microstrudture and Mechanical Properties of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Prepared by Solid-State Recycling

2012 ◽  
Vol 271-272 ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Shu Yan Wu ◽  
Ze Sheng Ji ◽  
Chun Ying Tian ◽  
Ming Zhong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Static Recrystallization ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Az31b Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Elongation To Failure ◽  
Strength And Ductility

This work is to study the influence of heat treatment on microstrudture and mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy prepared by solid -state recycling. AZ31B magnesium alloy chips were recycled by hot extruding. Three different heat treatments were conducted for recycled alloy. Mechanical properties and microstructure of the recycled specimen and heat treated specimen were investigated. 300°C×2h annealing specimen exhibits finer grain due to static recrystallization, and microstructure of 400°C×2h annealing specimen becomes more coarse. 300°C×2h annealing treatment improves obviously strength and ductility of recycled alloy. Ultimate tensile strength of alloy decreases and elongation to failure increases after 400°C×2h annealing. Grain size, dislocation density and bonding of chips have an effect on the elongation of recycled materials. 190°C×8h ageing has no influence on microstructure and mechanical properties of recycled alloy.

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