The Hardness of Very Soft Rubbers
Abstract Hardness determinations are frequently required on very soft rubbers in the range of 5 to 30 (Shore). It is usual to make such measurements in the shop with a pocket-type tester; however this is not entirely satisfactory for laboratory work where a more precise reading is usually required, calling for a hardness tester of the dead-load type. Such a tester, moreover, is useful to keep a check on the accuracy of pocket testers. The British Standard dead-load hardness tester is not calibrated below 30° BS, but a method of extending the range downwards has been proposed, whereby the standard indentor of this tester is replaced by one of 0.25 inch diam.; unfortunately this method has the disadvantage of involving more than one revolution of the dial gauge needle, and a directly calibrated scale would be out of the question. There is, however, an alternative method in use at BRPRA, which gives hardness readings down to 4° in one revolution; and which replaces the standard added load of 535 grams by one of 70 grams. At present, a calibration curve is provided to convert from scale reading to hardness degrees, but it is intended to add a second scale in due course.