An alternative method of administering alkane markers for estimating intake in dairy cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 91-91
Author(s):  
Y. Unal ◽  
P.C. Garnsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Laboratory Work ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Hard Shell ◽  
Animal Handling ◽  
Basal Ration

Alkanes have been used for a number of years to estimate food intake in ruminants. The technique requires animals to be dosed with synthetic even-chained alkanes, usually C32 and C36; faecal concentrations of these are then compared with naturally-occurring alkanes, e.g. C33, to estimate intake. Mayes et al. (1986) prepared capsules containing alkanes on shredded paper; Dove et al. (1988) used hard-shell gelatine capsules to administer dosed alkanes. Both methods required animal handling, extra material, like gelatine capsules or paper, and also some laboratory work for preparing alkane solutions, papers and capsules. We report here a less time-consuming method that can be used with dairy cows or other animals offered concentrates separately from a basal ration. The objective of the study was to see how accurately food intake in dairy cows could be estimated when dosed alkanes are administered via a compound feed.

Plasma leptin in transition dairy cows. Effects of body fatness, ambient temperature and dietary factors

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 92-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kokkonen ◽  
J. Taponen ◽  
S. Alasuutari ◽  
M. Nousiainen ◽  
T. Anttila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Increase Energy Expenditure ◽  
Transition Dairy Cows ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Plasma Leptin

In ruminants plasma leptin is increased with increasing body fatness. Leptin acts on hypothalamus to decrease food intake and increase energy expenditure. It is possible that leptin has a key role in transition from pregnancy to lactation of dairy cows. The objective of the present work was to investigate the pattern of plasma leptin concentration, as well as its relationship with other hormones and metabolites and dairy cow performance.

scholarly journals Behavioral changes in freestall-housed dairy cows with naturally occurring clinical mastitis

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 1730-1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.K. Fogsgaard ◽  
T.W. Bennedsgaard ◽  
M.S. Herskin
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Naturally Occurring

scholarly journals Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Culture on Ruminal Fermentation, Blood Metabolism, and Performance of High-Yield Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2401
Author(s):  
Xiaoge Sun ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Erdan Wang ◽  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Qianqian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Control Group ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Basal Ration

High-yield dairy cows with high-concentrate diets are more prone to experiencing health problems associated with rumen microbial imbalance. This study assessed the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture (SC), a food supplement, on ruminal pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA), inflammatory cytokines, and performance of high-yield dairy cows. Forty Holstein cows with similar characteristics (e.g., milk yield, days of milk, and parity) were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group fed the basal ration supplemented with the SC of 100 g of SC per cow per day (hour, SC group), and a control group fed the same basal ration diet without SC (i.e., CON group). On average, the supplementation of SC started at 73 days of lactation. The experimental period lasted approximately 70 days (from 18 January to 27 March 2020), including 10 days for dietary adaptation. Milk yield was recorded daily. Rumen fluid and milk samples were collected after 2 h of feeding in the morning of day 0, 15, 30, and 60. The data showed that rumen pH increased (p < 0.05) when cows were provided with SC. On average, the cows in the SC group produced 1.36 kg (p < 0.05) more milk per day than those in the CON group. Milk fat content of cows in the SC group was also higher (4.11% vs. 3.96%) (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the concentration of acetic acid in the rumen fluid of dairy cows in the SC group was significantly higher (p < 0.05). There were no differences (p > 0.05) found in milk protein content and propionic acid between groups. The SC group had a tendency increase in butyric acid (p = 0.062) and total VFA (p = 0.058). The result showed that SC supplementation also enhanced the ratio between acetic and propionic. Most of the mean inflammatory cytokine (IL-2, IL-6, γ-IFN, and TNF-α) concentrations (p < 0.05) of the SC group were lower than CON group. This study demonstrated that high-yield cows receiving supplemental SC could produce more milk with higher fat content, have higher rumen acetate, and potentially less inflammatory cytokines.

scholarly journals Proteolytische Aktivitäten der lysosomalen Enzyme bei Milchrindern* – 3. Mitteilung: Beziehungen der Energie- und Eiweißversorgung zur lysosomalen Enzymaktivität im Blutplasma beim Milchrind

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
L. Panicke ◽  
J. Weingärtner ◽  
M. Schmidt ◽  
T. Król
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Lysosomal Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Food Ration ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract. Title of the paper: Relationship between lysosomal blood activity and milk content» of urea and protein in different phases of milk production in dairy cows Relationship of lysosomal enzyme activities in blood and supply of energy and protein in dairy cattle were investigated. Closed correlation coefficients were calculated for lysosomal enzyme activity and content of protein and urea in milk. Especially a high or a low content of protein in the food ration affects the lysosomal enzyme activities considerably. A different lysosomal response to equal food supply was gained after deviding the cow stock into different groups regarding performance at a different lactation status. Growth, breed, age, capacity of food intake and milk performance might be influencing factors.

Relationships between nutrition and fertility in dairy cattle

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O'Callaghan ◽  
J.M. Lozano ◽  
J. Fahey ◽  
V. Gath ◽  
S. Snijders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Metabolic State ◽  
Developmental Capacity

AbstractThe reduced fertility that is becoming more evident in high yielding dairy cows may be related to many factors including changes in milk production, food intake and fluctuations in body condition. Metabolic and production markers have been studied as a way of predicting success to a particular artificial insemination. Successful conception to a particular service was not associated with milk production, body condition or plasma concentrations of several indicators of metabolic state around the time if insemination. This highlights the importance of time of information collection in fertility management programmes. Increased food intake may reduce systemic progesterone concentrations. This is more evident in sheep than cattle, but a positive relationship between systemic progesterone early post mating and establishment of pregnancy in cattle has been reported. However, progesterone concentrations in the ovarian vein and endometrium are not strongly correlated with systemic progesterone. Thus, the significance of modest changes in systemic progesterone in affecting oocyte and embryo development must be questioned. Blood urea concentrations can be altered by diet, and reduced pregnancy rates have been reported in cows with high urea concentrations. However, in other recent studies, no difference was reported in serum urea in cows that conceived and those that failed to conceive. Pregnancy rate was equally high in heifers when in-vitro produced embryos were transferred to heifers on high and low urea diets. When embryos were produced in sheep on high and low dietary urea, the effects on embryo development appear to occur early in the developmental process, suggesting a substantial effect on the development of the oocyte. The developmental capacity of oocytes and quality of embryos is reduced in cattle maintained on extremely high dietary intakes. Oocyte developmental capacity is reduced in cows of higher genetic merit and embryo quality can be substantially reduced in the early postpartum period. Collectively, these results suggest that high dietary intake or high metabolic load is deleterious to normal oocyte development and establishment of pregnancy. This highlights the importance of further studies on the effect of dietary intake on metabolic state and follicle, oocyte and embryo development. In a practical context, these results highlight the importance of nutritional management and avoiding changes in the amount or type of diet around the time of mating in high-production dairy cows.

Estimation of intake and digestibility of forage-based diets in group-fed dairy cows using alkanes as markers

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. UNAL ◽  
P. C. GARNSWORTHY
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Filter Papers ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Basal Ration ◽  
Food Consumed

Dry matter intake is one of the major factors limiting milk production in dairy cows, although the quantity of food consumed by an individual cow when housed and fed as part of a group is rarely known. Such information would permit more precise ration formulation, concentrate allocation and selection of cows according to efficiency of milk production. Alkanes have been used with sheep and cattle to estimate feed intake under grazing conditions and could provide a technique for measuring intake in housed dairy cows. The purpose of this study was to examine alkanes C32 and C36, in combination with alkane C33, as indigestible markers for estimating intake of housed dairy cows fed on different diets under experimental and commercial conditions. Three experiments were conducted with hay-based diets (Expt 1), silage only diets (Expt 2) and a diet consisting of a silage-based basal ration plus concentrates (Expt 3). Animals were dosed once daily with C32 and C36, either on filter papers (Expts 1 and 2) or as part of a specially prepared concentrate (Expt 3). Faecal recoveries of alkanes ranged from 0·88 to 0·99. Over the range of intakes found in the three experiments (6–24 kg DM/d), the r2 values for estimated versus actual dry matter intakes ranged from 0·81 to 0·99. It is concluded that alkanes could provide a useful technique for estimating intake in dairy cows housed and fed in groups.

An examination of the effect of concentrate energy source on milk production of dairy cows offered grass silages with differing intake characteristics

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 63-63
Author(s):  
T.W.J. Keady ◽  
C.S. Mayne ◽  
M. Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Concentrate Energy ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Accuracy Of Prediction ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle ◽  
Concentrate Energy Source ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

Considerable progress has been made recently at this Institute in improving the accuracy of prediction of silage intake when offered as the sole diet. However in most farm situations, silage is usually supplemented with varying levels and types of concentrate when offered to dairy cattle. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of concentrate energy source on the voluntary food intake and milk yield and composition of lactating dairy cattle when offered a diverse range of grass silages.A total of five grass silages were used in the study, silages A, B and D were produced from primary regrowths, while silages C and E were produced from second regrowths of perennial ryegrass swards. Silages A, B, C, D and E were ensiled after 48, 24, 0, 0 and 24 hour wilting periods. Silages A and C were ensiled untreated, B and D treated with an inoculant, and silage E treated with a formic acid based additive.

The effect of delaying the introduction of concentrates on the summer milk production of hay-fed dairy cows

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (36) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
JC Radcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Basal Ration ◽  
Friesian Cows

From November 23, 1965, concentrates were introduced successively at two-week intervals to five treatment groups of grade Friesian cows that were being fed a basal ration of cereal hay in the paddock. The yield of milk, butterfat, solids-not-fat, and protein rose significantly as the supplements were introduced but almost no significant effect of concentrate feeding was observed on the weekly percentage composition tests of the milk. A comparison of the total covariance corrected yield results for the experimental period from November 23, 1965, to March 15, 1966, showed that the group of cows receiving concentrates throughout produced 30 per cent more milk, and 29 per cent more solids-not-fat, but only 24 per cent more protein and butterfat than the group receiving concentrates from January 18, 1966. However, the additional milk production would be uneconomic where milk is purchased on a butterfat basis.

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