Elastomer-Resin Blends. Acrylonitrile Type Synthetic Rubber and Polyvinyl Chloride Resins

1949 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-755
Author(s):  
D. W. Young ◽  
D. J. Buckley ◽  
R. G. Newberg ◽  
L. B. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Blocking Temperature ◽  
Acrylonitrile Copolymer ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Acrylonitrile Copolymers

Abstract 1. 1,3-Butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers were mill-mixed with benzothiazoyl disulfide, sulfur, litharge, and vinyl resins, such as Vinylite (VYNW), and Saran and cured to compounds with good tensile strength, modulus, hardness, solvent resistance, and blocking temperature. 2. Results show that higher acrylonitrile type of copolymers give cured Vinylite-rubber blends with higher tensile strength, higher 100 per cent modulus, and greater ultimate elongation to break than low acrylonitrile copolymers. 3. The low temperature properties of the cured blends improve as the acrylonitrile content of the synthetic rubber is reduced. 4. An effective cure at 287° F is obtained in 15 to 30 minutes by using 2 parts of accelerator and 2 parts of sulfur per hundred parts of 1,3-butadieneacrylonitrile type copolymer-Vinylite blends. Added amounts of sulfur, and accelerator did not improve the properties or decrease the cure time at 287° F. 5. Some of the cured blends studied are free of tackiness at temperatures as high as 230° F. 6. Some stabilizers for vinyls tested as well as sodium acetate can be used to activate sulfur cures in 1,3-butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer-Vinylite blends to formulate light-colored transparent products.

Accelerated aging behavior and life prediction of low-temperature vulcanizable CR–BIIR blend based encapsulant material for undersea sensors

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112110070
Author(s):  
PN Mohanadas ◽  
T Santhanakrishnan ◽  
NR Manoj ◽  
T Mukundan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Lead Oxide ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Aging Period ◽  
Polymeric Blends ◽  
Lead And Zinc

Blends of chloroprene rubber (CR) and bromobutyl rubber (BIIR) with low-temperature vulcanization (LTV) technology were found suitable for the encapsulation of temperature-sensitive undersea sensors. Polymeric blends are susceptible to the aging process due to external environments such as heat, oxygen, ozone, light, and mechanical stresses, etc. Hence, the longevity of these blends for hostile seawater applications is a great concern. The marine aging of rubber blends was not investigated much. In this study, the LTV blends with a curing system based on lead and zinc oxides were subjected to accelerated aging in a 3.5% aqueous solution of NaCl from 40°C to 70°C. The retention of tensile strength, % elongation and modulus properties were estimated. It was observed that aging could lead to an initial increase in the modulus and a considerable decrease in ultimate tensile strength and elongation values with an increase in the aging period. Reduction in elongation at break showed a gradual decrease with an increase in both temperature and exposure time. It was observed that the blends with lead oxide cure system were prone to more degradation than ZnO-based blend. A life of 6.5 years and 5.3 years at 25°C for blends based on ZnO and lead oxide cure systems was estimated. The water diffusion coefficient was found to be of the order of 10−12 mm2 s−1 for both blends.

Influence of Silanized-Silica and Carbon Black on the Cure and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber/Recycled Chloroprene Rubber (NR/rCR) Blends

2016 ◽  
Vol 1133 ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
Siti Zuliana Salleh ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Zulkifli Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber ◽  
Silanized Silica

The loadings effect of carbon black and silanized-silica filled 75/25 phr/phr of natural rubber/recycled chloroprene rubber (NR/rCR) blends were compared with the unfilled NR/rCR blends. Different filler loading between in the range of 10- 40 phr was used. The rubber blends were prepared by using a laboratory two-roll mill and rheometric characteristics were studied using the Monsanto moving die rheometer (MDR 2000) at 150 °C. The addition of CB and silanized-silica showed different trend in scorch and cure time but showed similar trend in torques. The incorporation of both fillers caused higher tensile strength than that unfilled rubber blends. By comparison, the silanized-silica filled NR/rCR blends showed higher tensile strength than CB filled NR/rCR blends. Morphological characterization as observed from SEM justified these results.

CRUCIBLE D6

Alloy Digest ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Strength Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Ultra High Strength Steel ◽  
Crucible Steel

Abstract Crucible D6 is a low alloy ultra-high strength steel developed for aircraft-missile applications and primarily designed for use in the 260,000-290,000 psi tensile strength range. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness, creep, and fatigue. It also includes information on low temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-129. Producer or source: Crucible Steel Company of America.

Optimizing the tensile strength of polyvinyl chloride with a benzidine additive

1980 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 664-668
Author(s):  
K. Oprea ◽  
S. Petrovan ◽  
M. Popa
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride

scholarly journals Influence of Bitumen Type and Asphalt Mixture Composition on Low-Temperature Strength Properties According to Various Test Methods

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Pszczola ◽  
Cezary Szydlowski
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Mixture Composition ◽  
Tension Stress ◽  
Strength Reserve

In regions with low-temperatures, action transverse cracks can appear in asphalt pavements as a result of thermal stresses that exceed the fracture strength of materials used in asphalt layers. To better understand thermal cracking phenomenon, strength properties of different asphalt mixtures were investigated. Four test methods were used to assess the influence of bitumen type and mixture composition on tensile strength properties of asphalt mixtures: tensile strength was measured using the thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST) and the uniaxial tension stress test (UTST), flexural strength was measured using the bending beam test (BBT), and fracture toughness was measured using the semi-circular bending test (SCB). The strength reserve behavior of tested asphalt mixtures was assessed as well. The influence of cooling rate on the strength reserve was investigated and correlations between results from different test methods were also analyzed and discussed. It was observed that the type of bitumen was a factor of crucial importance to low-temperature properties of the tested asphalt concretes. This conclusion was valid for all test methods that were used. It was also observed that the level of cooling rate influenced the strength reserve and, in consequence, resistance to low-temperature cracking. It was concluded that reasonably good correlations were observed between strength results for the UTST, BBT, and SCB test methods.

scholarly journals Curing and mechanical properties of chlorosulphonated polyethylene rubber blends

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordana Markovic ◽  
Vojislav Jovanovic ◽  
Suzana Samarzija-Jovanovic ◽  
Milena Marinovic-Cincovic ◽  
Jaroslava Budinski-Simendic
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Tensile Tester ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Chlorosulphonated Polyethylene ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper the curing and mechanical properties of two series of prepared blends, i.e., chlorosulphonated polyethylene (CSM)/isobutylene-co-isoprene (IIR) rubber blends and chlorosulphonated polyethylene (CSM)/chlorinated isobutylene-co-isoprene (CIIR) rubber blends were carried out. Blends were prepared using a two roll-mill at a temperature of 40-50?C. The curing was assessed by using a Monsanto Oscillating Disc Rheometer R-100. The process of vulcanization accelerated sulfur of pure rubbers and their blends was carried out in an electrically heated laboratory hydraulic press under a pressure of about 4 MPa and 160?. The stress-strain experiments were performed using tensile tester machine (Zwick 1425). Results indicate that the scorch time, ts2 and optimum cure time, tc90 increase with increasing CSM content in both blends. The values of modulus at 100% and at 300% elongation and tensile strength increases with increasing CSM content, whereas elongation at break shows a decreasing trend. The enhancement in mechanical properties was supported by data of crosslink density in these samples obtained from swelling measurement and scanning electron microscopy studies of the rubber blends fractured surfaces.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Properties of a Novel Quaternary Sn-Bi-Sb-Ag Solder: Wettability, Interfacial Structure and Mechanical Properties

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaipeng Wang ◽  
Fengjiang Wang ◽  
Ying Huang ◽  
Kai Qi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Isothermal Aging ◽  
Solder Joints ◽  
Solder Matrix ◽  
Interfacial Structure ◽  
Solder Alloys ◽  
Cu Substrate

Sn-58Bi eutectic solder is the most recommended low temperature Pb-free solder but is also limited from the interfacial embrittlement of Bi segregation. Since the quaternary Sn-38Bi-1.5Sb-0.7Ag solder provides a similar melting point as Sn-58Bi eutectic, this paper systematically investigated the properties of this solder from wettability, bulk tensile properties, interfacial microstructure in solder joints with a Cu substrate, interfacial evolution in joints during isothermal aging and the shear strength on ball solder joints with effect of aging conditions. The results were also compared with Sn-58Bi solder. The wettability of solder alloys was evaluated with wetting balance testing, and the quaternary Sn-38Bi-1.5Sb-0.7Ag solder had a better wettability than Sn-58Bi solder on the wetting time. Tensile tests on bulk solder alloys indicated that the quaternary Sn-38Bi-1.5Sb-0.7Ag solder had a higher tensile strength and similar elongation compared with Sn-58Bi solder due to the finely distributed SnSb and Ag3Sn intermetallics in the solder matrix. The tensile strength of solder decreased with a decrease in the strain rate and with an increase in temperature, while the elongation of solder was independent of the temperature and strain rate. When soldering with a Cu substrate, a thin Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound (IMC) is produced at the interface in the solder joint. Measurement on IMC thickness showed that the quaternary Sn-38Bi-1.5Sb-0.7Ag had a lower IMC growth rate during the following isothermal aging. Ball shear test on solder joints illustrated that the quaternary Sn-38Bi-1.5Sb-0.7Ag solder joints had higher shear strength than Sn-58Bi solder joints. Compared with the serious deterioration on shear strength of Sn-58Bi joints from isothermal aging, the quaternary Sn-38Bi-1.5Sb-0.7Ag solder joints presented a superior high temperature stability. Therefore, the quaternary Sn-38Bi-1.5Sb-0.7Ag solder provides better performances and the possibility to replace Sn-58Bi solder to realize low temperature soldering.

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