LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE AND ASHES SLAG BASED CONCRETE WITH HIGH RESIDUAL FUEL CONTENT

Ashes slag materials in the chemical and mineralogical composition are largely identical to natural mineral raw materials. They are a source of environmental pollution, pose a threat to public health, and a threat to the flora and fauna of the surrounding areas. Ashes slag waste contains a large amount of unburned fuel. In some ashes, the content of unburned fuel can reach 20-40%. In this case, it is advisable to use it as a raw material for the production of artificial porous aggregates. The paper presents the results of studies on the development of lightweight aggregate technology based on ashes slag with a high residual fuel content. To develop the technology of lightweight aggregate, ashes slag was used by Nova Zinc LLP (Karaganda region, Kazakhstan), in which the content of unburned coal is up to 75%. Based on ashes slag, lightweight aggregates were obtained using burning and non-burning technologies. By roasting (burning) technology, aggregates were obtained by burning at a temperature of 1000 and 1100 °C. The aggregates obtained have a bulk density of 395-687 kg/m3 and a compressive strength in the cylinder of 0.5-2.4 MPa. By non-burning technology Portland cement M400 was used as an astringent. After hardening, the aggregates have a bulk density of 400-600 kg/m3 and a 679 compressive strength of 0.65-1.5 MPa in the cylinder. Samples of light concrete with a density of 1200 and 1700 kg/m3, a compressive strength of 80 (B5) and 120 kg/cm2 (B7.5), and thermal conductivity coefficients of 0.43 and 0.67 W/mоС were obtained on the basis of the non-fired light aggregate, respectively. Lightweight aggregate and lightweight concrete in their functional properties meet the requirements of regulatory documents.

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Possibilities of Binding Recycled Glass in Production of Advanced Building Materials

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.865.255 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 865 ◽

pp. 255-260

Author(s):

Martina Reif ◽

Jiri Zach ◽

Vítězslav Novák

Keyword(s):

Thermal Insulation ◽

Building Materials ◽

Lightweight Concrete ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Lightweight Aggregate ◽

Waste Glass ◽

Raw Material ◽

Acoustic Properties ◽

Transportation Engineering ◽

Advanced Composite Materials

The use of secondary raw material resources for construction purposes currently has a great potential. Secondary raw materials obtained by recycling waste glass find use (among others) in the production of thermal and acoustic insulation, production of lightweight concrete mixes and also in transportation engineering e.g. in road reconstruction.The paper deals with the possibilities of binding lightweight aggregate based on waste glass powder and with the production of advanced composite materials with good thermal insulation and acoustic properties. This means cement, epoxy resin and bituminous matrix with the goal to develop advanced building materials that could find further use as, for example, thermal insulation materials.

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PENGARUH JENIS AGREGAT RINGAN BUATAN TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BETON RINGAN = EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE TYPE FOR COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE

Material Komponen dan Konstruksi ◽

10.29122/mkk.v13i1.1657 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Nurul Aini Sulistyowati ◽

Deden Suripto

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Specific Gravity ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Rice Husk Ash ◽

Lightweight Concrete ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Lightweight Aggregate ◽

Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽

Husk Rice ◽

Compressive Strength Of Concrete

The aim of the research was to know the mechanical and physical properties of lightweight aggregate and compressive strength of concrete with lightweight aggregate. The raw materials for manufacturing lightweight aggregate include the mix composition of shale + sawdust, shale + rice husk, shale + rice husk ash, and shale. Th structural lightweight concrete was designed to have a compressive strength of 25 MPa. The specimen was cylindrical of 10 diameter and 20 cm high. The compressive strength of concrete tested at ages of 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days. Specific gravity of lightweight aggregate was less than 1.5, the best water absorption was of the lightweight aggregate shale and the best hardness that of the lightweight aggregate shale+ rice husk ash. The compressive strength of concrete with lightweight aggregate shale + sawdust 265.04 kg/cm2 and shale + rice husk ash 264.73 kg/cm2, all of which were higher than compressive strength. The compressive strength of concrete with lightweight aggregate shale + rice was husk 234.82 kg/cm2 and that of the shale was 212.23 kg/cm2 , which were lower than the designed compressive strength.Keywords : artificial lightweight aggregate, lightweight concrete, shale, sawdust, rice husk, rice husk ash AbstrakPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisis dan mekanis agregat ringan serta kuat tekan beton yang menggunakan agregat ringan. Pembuatan agregat ringan menggunakan komposisi campuran shale + serbuk gergaji kayu, shale + abu sekam padi, shale + sekam padi, serta shale. Pembuatan beton ringan struktural menggunakan rancangan campuran dengan kuat tekan rencana sebesar 25 MPa. Benda uji berbentuk silinder dengan diameter 10 cm dan tinggi 20 cm. Pengujian kuat tekan beton dilakukan pada umur 14 hari, 21hari dan 28 hari. Berat jenis agregat ringan kurang dari 1,5 dengan penyerapan air terbaik pada agregat ringan shale dan kekerasan terbaik pada agregat ringan shale + abu sekam padi. Kuat tekan beton agregat ringan shale + serbuk gergaji sebesar 265,04 kg/cm2 dan agregat ringan shale + abu sekam padi 264,73 kg/cm2 lebih tinggi dari kuat tekan rencana. Kuat tekan beton agregat ringan shale + sekam padi sebesar 234,82 kg/cm2 dan agregat ringan shale sebesar 212,23 kg/cm2 lebih rendah dari kuat tekan rencana.Kata kunci : agregat ringan buatan,beton ringan, shale, serbuk gergaji kayu, sekam padi, abu sekam padi

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Application of Metakaoline in Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Technology

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1000.174 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1000 ◽

pp. 174-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ondřej Koutný ◽

Tomáš Opravil ◽

Jaromír Pořízka

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Portland Cement ◽

Heat Insulation ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Mineralogical Composition ◽

Raw Material ◽

Concrete Technology ◽

Autoclaved Aerated Concrete ◽

Volume Weight ◽

Aerated Concrete

In these days, autoclaved aerated concrete research points to the utilization of alternative raw materials such as metakaoline. An effort is made to improve the mechanical and related heat-insulation properties of the products without significant change of present technology and price. This work studies the effect of metakaoline, as an alternative raw material to Portland cement, on final properties of autoclaved aerated concrete, especially the effect on the volume weight and compressive strength. Quantitative and qualitative mineralogical composition, especially the presence and the amount of Tobermorite and Xonotlite were observed by XRD and TG-DTA-EGA methods.

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Olive Stone Ash as Secondary Raw Material for Fired Clay Bricks

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2016/8219437 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D. Eliche-Quesada ◽

M. A. Felipe-Sesé ◽

A. Infantes-Molina

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Linear Shrinkage ◽

Raw Material ◽

Engineering Properties ◽

Clay Bricks ◽

Olive Stone ◽

Secondary Raw Material

This work evaluates the effect of incorporation of olive stone ash, as secondary raw material, on the properties of fired clay bricks. To this end, three compositions containing 10, 20, and 30 wt% olive stone ash in a mixture of clays (30 wt% red, 30 wt% yellow, and 40 wt% black clay) from Spain were prepared. The raw materials, clay and olive stone ash, were characterized by means of XRD, XRF, SEM-EDS, and TG-TDA analysis. The engineering properties of the press molded specimens fired at 900°C (4 h) such as linear shrinkage, bulk density, apparent porosity, water absorption, and compressive strength were evaluated. The results indicated that the incorporation of 10 wt% of olive stone ash produced bricks with suitable technological properties, with values of compressive strength of 41.9 MPa but with a reduced bulk density, by almost 4%. By contrast, the incorporation of 20 wt% and 30 wt% sharply increased the water absorption as a consequence of the large amount of open porosity and low mechanical strength presented by these formulations, which do not meet the standards for their use as face bricks. The bricks do not present environmental problems according to the leaching test.

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The Preparation and Properties of a Shell Structure Ceramsite

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13041009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1009

Author(s):

Wukui Zheng ◽

Diyang He ◽

Hui Li ◽

Fei Wang ◽

Yuxuan Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Shell Structure ◽

Lightweight Concrete ◽

Special Structure ◽

Raw Material ◽

New Method ◽

Green Body ◽

Low Level

In this paper, a shell structure ceramsite has been prepared and researched in order to attempt a new method of producing lightweight ceramsite. In the experiment, raw material was made into slurry and polypropylene balls were treated with the soak-and-pick process in the slurry to make the green body; later, the green body was dried and fired in the furnace to make the shell structure ceramsite. The result showed that the shell structure ceramsite has an appropriate cylindrical compressive strength (0.87 MPa) with a bulk density at a low level (0.375 × 103 kg/m3), which can be used for lightweight concrete preparation, and with its special structure, it can be used for many other purposes.

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Effects of carbon nanotubes on expanded glass and silica aerogel based lightweight concrete

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81665-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Suman Kumar Adhikary ◽

Žymantas Rudžionis ◽

Simona Tučkutė ◽

Deepankar Kumar Ashish

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Silica Aerogel ◽

Lightweight Concrete ◽

Lightweight Aggregate ◽

Cementitious Materials ◽

Lightweight Aggregate Concrete ◽

Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Sem Image ◽

Study Results

AbstractThis study is aimed to investigate the effect of carbon nanotubes on the properties of lightweight aggregate concrete containing expanded glass and silica aerogel. Combinations of expanded glass (55%) and hydrophobic silica aerogel particles (45%) were used as lightweight aggregates. Carbon nanotubes were sonicated in the water with polycarboxylate superplasticizer by ultrasonication energy for 3 min. Study results show that incorporating multi-wall carbon nanotubes significantly influences the compressive strength and microstructural performance of aerogel based lightweight concrete. The addition of carbon nanotubes gained almost 41% improvement in compressive strength. SEM image of lightweight concrete shows a homogeneous dispersal of carbon nanotubes within the concrete structure. SEM image of the composite shows presence of C–S–H gel surrounding the carbon nanotubes, which confirms the cites of nanotubes for the higher growth of C–S–H gel. Besides, agglomeration of carbon nanotubes and the presence of ettringites was observed in the transition zone between the silica aerogel and cementitious materials. Additionally, flowability, water absorption, microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and semi-adiabatic calorimetry results were analyzed in this study.

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Efficiency factor and modulus of elasticity of lightweight concrete with expanded clay aggregate

Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais ◽

10.1590/s1983-41952010000200005 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 195-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

W.G Moravia ◽

A. G. Gumieri ◽

W. L. Vasconcelos

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Large Scale ◽

Lightweight Concrete ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Lightweight Aggregate ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Lightweight Aggregate Concrete ◽

Empirical Methods ◽

Normal Weight Concrete

Nowadays lightweight concrete is used on a large scale for structural purposes and to reduce the self-weight of structures. Specific grav- ity, compressive strength, strength/weight ratio and modulus of elasticity are important factors in the mechanical behavior of structures. This work studies these properties in lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) and normal-weight concrete (NWC), comparing them. Spe- cific gravity was evaluated in the fresh and hardened states. Four mixture proportions were adopted to evaluate compressive strength. For each proposed mixture proportion of the two concretes, cylindrical specimens were molded and tested at ages of 3, 7 and 28 days. The modulus of elasticity of the NWC and LWAC was analyzed by static, dynamic and empirical methods. The results show a larger strength/ weight ratio for LWAC, although this concrete presented lower compressive strength.

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Research on Simulation Test of Coal Similar Material

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.847 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 850-851 ◽

pp. 847-850 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lin Chao Dai

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Similarity Theory ◽

Design Method ◽

Uniform Design ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Raw Material ◽

Similar Material ◽

Cement Ratio ◽

Water Cement Ratio

In order to study the coal and gas outburst similar simulation experiment, coal similar material was made up based on the similarity theory. Based on the previous similar material study, the cement, sand, water, activated carbon and coal powder was selected as the raw material of similar material. Meanwhile similar material matching program with 5 factors and 6 levels was designed by using Uniform Design Method. And the physical and mechanical properties of the similar material compressive strength was measured under different proportions circumstances. The relationship between similar material and the raw materials was analyzed. The results show that choosing different materials can compound different similar materials with different requirements. And the water-cement ratio plays a decisive influence on the compressive strength of similar material. The compressive strength of similar material decreases linearly when the water-cement ratio increases.

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PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH FLY ASH DARI PEMBAKARAN BATUBARA PADA PEMBUATAN SEMEN PCC (PORTLAND COMPOSITE CEMENT) DI PT SEMEN XYZ LAMPUNG

Industrika: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri ◽

10.37090/indstrk.v4i2.233 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Dwi Septiyana Sari ◽

◽

Susanti Sundari

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Technical Aspect ◽

Raw Material ◽

Physical Test ◽

Composite Cement ◽

The Difference ◽

The Cost

Abstract This study discusses the use of fly ash waste from coal burning on the manufacture of PCC (Portland composite cement) at PT. XYZ Lampung. The purpose of this research is to look at the technical studies and the efficiency of raw materials in the use of fly ash in cement making, in this case PCC cement (Portland Composite Cement). The steps taken in analyzing the data in this study were viewed from a technical aspect by means of a physical test, namely the cement compressive strength test at the age of 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days using the Compression Testing Machine. This test was conducted to see the comparison of the compressive strength of PCC cement using limestone and fly ash as raw materials, then calculate the difference in raw material costs in the year before and after the replacement of limestone with fly ash. The results showed that cement with the addition of fly ash after 3 days, 7 days and 28 days had an increased compressive strength value, which increased 21.69%, 16.07% and 8.05% respectively of the compressive strength of cement using limestone. The use of fly ash as a substitute for limestone has an effect on the cost of raw materials, where the difference between the cost of raw materials in 2019 and the cost of raw materials in 2018 is Rp. 39,440,952,074.

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TLS and SfM Approach for Bulk Density Determination of Excavated Heterogeneous Raw Materials

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min10020174 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 174 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Peter Blistan ◽

Stanislav Jacko ◽

Ľudovít Kovanič ◽

Julián Kondela ◽

Katarína Pukanská ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bulk Density ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Large Scale ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽

Mineral Resources ◽

Point Clouds ◽

Raw Material

A frequently recurring problem in the extraction of mineral resources (especially heterogeneous mineral resources) is the rapid operative determination of the extracted quantity of raw material in a surface quarry. This paper deals with testing and analyzing the possibility of using unconventional methods such as digital close-range photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning in the process of determining the bulk density of raw material under in situ conditions. A model example of a heterogeneous deposit is the perlite deposit Lehôtka pod Brehmi (Slovakia). Classical laboratory methods for determining bulk density were used to verify the results of the in situ method of bulk density determination. Two large-scale samples (probes) with an approximate volume of 7 m3 and 9 m3 were realized in situ. 6 point samples (LITH) were taken for laboratory determination. By terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) measurement from 2 scanning stations, point clouds with approximately 163,000/143,000 points were obtained for each probe. For Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry, 49/55 images were acquired for both probes, with final point clouds containing approximately 155,000/141,000 points. Subsequently, the bulk densities of the bulk samples were determined by the calculation from in situ measurements by TLS and SfM photogrammetry. Comparison of results of the field in situ measurements (1841 kg∙m−3) and laboratory measurements (1756 kg∙m−3) showed only a 4.5% difference in results between the two methods for determining the density of heterogeneous raw materials, confirming the accuracy of the used in situ methods. For the determination of the loosening coefficient, the material from both large-scale samples was transferred on a horizontal surface. Their volumes were determined by TLS. The loosening coefficient for the raw material of 1.38 was calculated from the resulting values.

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