scholarly journals The Preparation and Properties of a Shell Structure Ceramsite

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1009
Author(s):  
Wukui Zheng ◽  
Diyang He ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Yuxuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Shell Structure ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Special Structure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
New Method ◽  
Green Body ◽  
Low Level

In this paper, a shell structure ceramsite has been prepared and researched in order to attempt a new method of producing lightweight ceramsite. In the experiment, raw material was made into slurry and polypropylene balls were treated with the soak-and-pick process in the slurry to make the green body; later, the green body was dried and fired in the furnace to make the shell structure ceramsite. The result showed that the shell structure ceramsite has an appropriate cylindrical compressive strength (0.87 MPa) with a bulk density at a low level (0.375 × 103 kg/m3), which can be used for lightweight concrete preparation, and with its special structure, it can be used for many other purposes.

scholarly journals LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE AND ASHES SLAG BASED CONCRETE WITH HIGH RESIDUAL FUEL CONTENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (34) ◽  
pp. 678-688
Author(s):  
Maratbek T ZHUGINISSOV ◽  
Zhanar O ZHUMADILOVA
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Unburned Fuel ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Slag Waste

Ashes slag materials in the chemical and mineralogical composition are largely identical to natural mineral raw materials. They are a source of environmental pollution, pose a threat to public health, and a threat to the flora and fauna of the surrounding areas. Ashes slag waste contains a large amount of unburned fuel. In some ashes, the content of unburned fuel can reach 20-40%. In this case, it is advisable to use it as a raw material for the production of artificial porous aggregates. The paper presents the results of studies on the development of lightweight aggregate technology based on ashes slag with a high residual fuel content. To develop the technology of lightweight aggregate, ashes slag was used by Nova Zinc LLP (Karaganda region, Kazakhstan), in which the content of unburned coal is up to 75%. Based on ashes slag, lightweight aggregates were obtained using burning and non-burning technologies. By roasting (burning) technology, aggregates were obtained by burning at a temperature of 1000 and 1100 °C. The aggregates obtained have a bulk density of 395-687 kg/m3 and a compressive strength in the cylinder of 0.5-2.4 MPa. By non-burning technology Portland cement M400 was used as an astringent. After hardening, the aggregates have a bulk density of 400-600 kg/m3 and a 679 compressive strength of 0.65-1.5 MPa in the cylinder. Samples of light concrete with a density of 1200 and 1700 kg/m3, a compressive strength of 80 (B5) and 120 kg/cm2 (B7.5), and thermal conductivity coefficients of 0.43 and 0.67 W/mоС were obtained on the basis of the non-fired light aggregate, respectively. Lightweight aggregate and lightweight concrete in their functional properties meet the requirements of regulatory documents.

Use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as Raw Material in Production of Autoclaved Lightweight Concrete

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 1242-1246
Author(s):  
Arkarin Apiwaranuwat ◽  
Preung Kitratporn ◽  
Kannaree Chuangcham ◽  
Thantip Punmatharith
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Optimal Production ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse Ash ◽  
Total Composition ◽  
Maximum Compressive Strength ◽  
Production Conditions

Sugarcane bagasse ash (ScBA) obtained as a byproduct of sugar processing may be used as a raw material for producing autoclaved lightweight concrete (ALC). We examined the chemical composition and physical properties of ScBA and determined that the material is not hazardous as defined by the Thai Ministry of Industry. The optimal production conditions for ScBA-containing ALC were a cement/sand ratio of 65/36, a water/total composition ratio of 0.24, and a curing time of 16 h. Maximum compressive strength was obtained in samples containing 20 wt% ScBA.

scholarly journals Effects of Kaolin Additives in Fly Ash on Sintering and Properties of Mullite Ceramics

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 887
Author(s):  
Marta Valášková ◽  
Veronika Blahůšková ◽  
Jozef Vlček
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Porous Ceramics ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Sintering Properties ◽  
Mullite Ceramics

The effective utilization of fly ash (FA) as a raw material for ceramics production is performed on the FA-kaolin mixtures containing kaolins 10% by mass. The mixtures in comparison with FA and three raw kaolins were annealed to mullite ceramics at temperatures of 1000, 1100, 1200 and 1300 °C. The main aims were to contribute to the discussion on the effect of impurity of Na,K-feldspars in kaolins and Fe2O3 in FA on sintering procedure, porous ceramics properties and mullite structural properties. The phases were characterized using X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry DTA/TGA methods. Mercury intrusion porosimetry was used for characterization of porosity of ceramic samples. Results evidenced the influence of feldspars in kaolins and Fe2O3 in FA on the sintering temperatures and properties of mullite ceramics. The fully FA-based ceramic sintered at 1100 °C exhibited post-sintering properties of bulk density 2.1 g/cm3; compressive strength 77.5 MPa; and porosity, 2% in comparison with the FA/kaolin-based ceramics properties of bulk density 2.2 g/cm3; compressive strength, 60–65 MPa; and porosity from 9.3 to 16.4% influenced by Na,K-feldspars. The best structural and mechanical characteristics were found for the FAK3 sample, supported by the high content of kaolinite and orthoclase in the kaolin K3 additive. The FAK3 annealed at 1100 °C exhibited good compressive strength of 87.6 MPa at a porosity of 10.6% and density of 2.24 g/cm3 and annealed at 1300 °C the compressive strength of 41.3 MPa at a porosity of 19.2% and density of 1.93 g/cm3.

scholarly journals Olive Stone Ash as Secondary Raw Material for Fired Clay Bricks

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Eliche-Quesada ◽  
M. A. Felipe-Sesé ◽  
A. Infantes-Molina
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Olive Stone ◽  
Secondary Raw Material

This work evaluates the effect of incorporation of olive stone ash, as secondary raw material, on the properties of fired clay bricks. To this end, three compositions containing 10, 20, and 30 wt% olive stone ash in a mixture of clays (30 wt% red, 30 wt% yellow, and 40 wt% black clay) from Spain were prepared. The raw materials, clay and olive stone ash, were characterized by means of XRD, XRF, SEM-EDS, and TG-TDA analysis. The engineering properties of the press molded specimens fired at 900°C (4 h) such as linear shrinkage, bulk density, apparent porosity, water absorption, and compressive strength were evaluated. The results indicated that the incorporation of 10 wt% of olive stone ash produced bricks with suitable technological properties, with values of compressive strength of 41.9 MPa but with a reduced bulk density, by almost 4%. By contrast, the incorporation of 20 wt% and 30 wt% sharply increased the water absorption as a consequence of the large amount of open porosity and low mechanical strength presented by these formulations, which do not meet the standards for their use as face bricks. The bricks do not present environmental problems according to the leaching test.

Effect of Detergent on Concrete prepared with Periwinkle shell as Coarse Aggregate

2021 ◽  
Vol 1034 ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
Munachiso C. Ogbodo ◽  
Akpabot Ifiok Akpabot
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Periwinkle Shell

The use of the periwinkle shell in the production of lightweight concrete has been studied and accepted to be used for concrete works. Hard water containing detergent-like chemicals has been observed to be used in mixing locally produced concrete. This exploratory study is on the effect of water mixed with detergent in a concrete prepared with the periwinkle shell as a coarse aggregate. A total of 27 concrete cubes of size 150mmx150mmx150mm were prepared in the laboratory with a mix ratio of 1:2:4. A water-cement ratio of 0.4 was used with the addition of detergent at varying percentages (0%, 0.3% and 0.6). The cubes were cured in water and tested at 7days, 14days and 28days respectively. Laboratory tests, which includes bulk density, specific gravity, grain size analysis, slump and the compressive strength test was carried out on the aggregates and concrete. The periwinkle shell had a bulk density of 1440kg/m3and a specific gravity of 2.50. The workability tested revealed that the slump values increased with increase in the percentages of detergent. The compressive strength at 28days and at 0.3% and 0.6% were 12.58N/mm2 and 14.06N/mm2 respectively. It was observed that the compressive strength decreased with the addition of detergent because of the tiny air bubbles introduced into the concrete by the detergent. From the results of the study, it can safely be concluded that the use of detergent contaminated water in concrete production will reduce its compressive strength and increase its workability.

scholarly journals The effect of bagasse fibers material with pumice as a partial substitution of coarse aggregate to increase compressive strength and tensile strength on lightweight concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 878 (1) ◽  
pp. 012046
Author(s):  
F Samosir ◽  
L E Hutabarat ◽  
C C Purnomo ◽  
S P Tampubolon
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Fiber Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse Ash

Abstract Based on data from the Indonesian Sugar Plantation Research Center (P3GI) bagasse produced 32% of the weight of ground sugar cane. Data obtained from the Indonesian Sugar Expert Association (IKAGI) shows the number of sugar cane milled by 57 sugar mills in Indonesia reaches around 30 million tons, so the bagasse produced is estimated to reach 9,640,000 tons. However, as much as 60% of the sugarcane bagasse ash is used by sugar factories as fuel, raw material for paper and others. Therefore, it is estimated that 40% of the sugarcane bagasse ash has not been utilized. In this research sugarcane bagasse used as fiber material with using pumice partial substitutions for coarse aggregate to increase compressive strength and tensile strength of lightweight concrete. The test is conducted on specimens with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm at the age of 28 days. Result of test shows lightweight concrete with 0.25% sugarcane bagasse reach optimum compressive strength at 13.74 MPa, compare to 12.83 MPa without sugarcane bagasse; 13.40 MPa with 0.5% sugarcane bagasse, and 11.61 MPa with 1% sugarcane bagasse. Furthermore, the results of the tensile strength test show a significant increase up to 0.25% bagasse fibers reach 1.81 MPa, compare to 1.51 MPa without sugarcane bagasse; 1.72 MPa with 0.5%; and 1.56 MPa with 1% sugarcane bagasse.

scholarly journals Pembuatan Refraktori Dari Refraktori Bekas Pakai Kiln Dan Flyash Batubara Dengan Variasi Tekanan Greenbody [Recycling of Used Refractory of Kiln and Coal Fly Ash by Various of Greenbody Presure]

Metalurgi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Ayu Septriana ◽  
Azhar Azhar ◽  
Widi Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Green Body ◽  
Hot Plate

Refractory is one type of ceramic material which is thermostable (high temperature resistant) and has the ability to maintain a good physical and chemical condition at high temperature. Manufacture of refractory in this study using used kiln refractory from cement industry and 15% coal fly ash as additional. This research analyzed the effect of green body pressure produced by physical properties of refractory which made from mixture of used refractory and coal fly ash. Used refractory crushed into large aggregate size -40 +80 mesh and small aggregate size -80 mesh, while fly ash -100 mesh. Then, the two of material mixed. Raw material pressed by press hydrauliuc, with a cube-shaped mold in 5 x 5 x 5 cm size. The pressure of green body varied in 8, 9, 10, 12, and 13 tons. The product tested by archimedes methode to getting apparent porosity and bulk density, and guarded hot plate methode standard use ASTM (C 177-04) to getting the cold crushing strengh and thermal conductivity. Higher pressure molding green body product was obtained with higher compressive strength and bulk density, with lower value of the apparent thermal conductivity and porosity. The highest value for the compressive strength and bulk density was 4.48 MPa; 1.119 g / cm3; the lowest value of thermal conductivity and apparent porosity is 11.60 W / m.K; 22.034%. Those values obtained from green pressure body 13 tons.AbstrakRefraktori merupakan salah satu jenis bahan keramik yang tahan terhadap panas (temperatur tinggi) dan memiliki kemampuan untuk mempertahankan kondisinya baik secara fisik maupun kimia pada temperatur tinggi tersebut. Pembuatan refraktori pada penelitian ini menggunakan bahan baku refraktori bekas pakai kiln pabrik semen dengan tambahan 15% fly ash batu bara. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh tekanan green body dari campuran refraktori bekas pakai dan fly ash batu bara yang dihasilkan terhadap sifat fisik refraktori tersebut. Bahan baku refraktori bekas pakai dihaluskan dengan distribusi ukuran agregat besar -40+80 mesh dan ukuran agregat kecil -80 mesh, sedangkan fly ash batu bara berukuran -100 mesh. Pemadatan bahan baku dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat press hydraulic, dengan cetakan berbentuk kubus dengan ukuran 5 x 5 x 5 cm. Dilakukan variasi tekanan campuran green body sebesar 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, dan 13 ton. Pengujian produk dilakukan dengan uji porositas (apparent porosity) dan densitas (bulk density) dengan metode archimedes, kuat tekan (cold crushing strenght), dan uji konduktivitas termal bahan dilakukan dengan metode guarded hot plate menggunakan standarASTM (C 177-04). Pengaruh tekanan green body dari campuran fly ash batu bara dan refraktori bekas pakai kiln terhadap sifat fisik refraktori adalah semakin tinggi tekanan pencetakan green body, maka semakin tinggi nilai kuat tekan dan densitasnya, sedangkan nilai konduktivitas termal dan porositas akan semakin rendah. Nilai tertinggi untuk kuat tekan dan densitas adalah 4,48MPa; 1,119 gr/cm3; nilai terendah konduktivitas termal dan porositas adalah 11,60 W/m.K; 22,034 %. Nilai-nilai tersebut didapatkan dari tekanan green body 13 ton.  

Effect of Calcium Carbonate on Compressive Strength and Physical Properties of Alkali-Activated Lightweight Concrete

2017 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
pp. 550-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Watcharapong Wongkeo
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Alkali Activated

This study presents the compressive strength and physical properties of alkali-activated lightweight concrete. Alkali-activated lightweight concrete was synthesized with fly ash, calcium carbonate and sodium hydroxide solution. Calcium carbonate was designed to replace part of fly ash at 5 and 10 wt.%. Sodium hydroxide solution at 5, 7.5 and 10 M was used as a liquid solution. Liquid to ash ratio (L/A ratio) at 0.45 was designed and aluminium powder was used as a foaming agent. The results showed that, the compressive strength of alkali-activated lightweight concrete made with fly ash was increased with NaOH concentration increased. The maximum compressive strength at 6.0 MPa was obtained from 10M NaOH mixture. For fly ash-calcium carbonate system, the compressive strength of lightweight concrete was improved when containing calcium carbonated, especially at 5 and 7.5 M NaOH mixtures. The maximum of compressive strength at 8.1 MPa and bulk density were obtained from the 5 wt.% calcium carbonated with 10M NaOH mixture. Water absorption and voids of all mixtures trend to decrease with increased NaOH concentration. XRD showed the sodium aluminum silicate hydrated as an alkali-activated product and composed of Si/Al atomic ratio at 2.1 and Na/Al atomic ratio at 1.4, respectively. Bulk density and compressive strength of alkali-activated lightweight concrete made with both fly ash and fly ash-calcium carbonated were acceptable in accordance with the specified criteria of TIS 2601. The well pore structure distribution of alkali-activated lightweight concrete was acceptable.

Green Lightweight Concrete Made from Natural Para Rubber Product

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 460-464
Author(s):  
Duangden Raksritong ◽  
Danupon Tonnayopas ◽  
Wirach Taweepreda ◽  
Manoon Masniyom
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
Minimal Environmental Impact

Para Rubber Seed Shell (PRSS) as a coarse aggregate and coated by vulcanization and mixing epoxy natural rubber (ENR) was investigated. Natural rubber latex (60% DRC) was applied in two stages. Firstly stage, synthetic natural latex (ENR-35) solution was coated on the first layer of PRSS. After that, PRSS was coated by vulcanization in second layer. Then, pre-wetting was performed before mixing or casting the concrete for 5 days. Finally, CPRSS (Coated Para Rubber Seed Shell) was produced. The CPRSS aggregate was cast as self consolidation concrete (SCC) with different ratios of ordinary Portland cement: sand: CPRSS for 0.8-1: 0.6-0.85: 0.04-0.12 by weight, respectively and constant water/binder ratio at 0.45 throughtout this study. The ENR-35 was also used about 5% of the water content. However, the concrete was wrapped with polyvinyl sheet to prevent moisture loss during setting and curing in ambient temperature (29°C, 84%RH) for 28 days. The fresh concrete to slump test, harden concrete with bulk density and compressive strength of whole formulations was carried out to determine. The test result A8 indicted that the most ingredient suitable mixture of SCC involed cement: sand: CPRSS of 1:0.94:0.046. The SCC contained the slump as 120 mm, bulk density about 1916 kg/m3 and compressive strength was 37 MPa. Its was met specification of structural lightweight concrete. This beneficiation of SCC is also product as the green innovation building in terms of construction materials and resources, leaving minimal environmental impact, and having energy saving and <em>eco-friendly materials</em>.

scholarly journals Effects of carbon nanotubes on expanded glass and silica aerogel based lightweight concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Kumar Adhikary ◽  
Žymantas Rudžionis ◽  
Simona Tučkutė ◽  
Deepankar Kumar Ashish
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Silica Aerogel ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Study Results

AbstractThis study is aimed to investigate the effect of carbon nanotubes on the properties of lightweight aggregate concrete containing expanded glass and silica aerogel. Combinations of expanded glass (55%) and hydrophobic silica aerogel particles (45%) were used as lightweight aggregates. Carbon nanotubes were sonicated in the water with polycarboxylate superplasticizer by ultrasonication energy for 3 min. Study results show that incorporating multi-wall carbon nanotubes significantly influences the compressive strength and microstructural performance of aerogel based lightweight concrete. The addition of carbon nanotubes gained almost 41% improvement in compressive strength. SEM image of lightweight concrete shows a homogeneous dispersal of carbon nanotubes within the concrete structure. SEM image of the composite shows presence of C–S–H gel surrounding the carbon nanotubes, which confirms the cites of nanotubes for the higher growth of C–S–H gel. Besides, agglomeration of carbon nanotubes and the presence of ettringites was observed in the transition zone between the silica aerogel and cementitious materials. Additionally, flowability, water absorption, microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and semi-adiabatic calorimetry results were analyzed in this study.

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