scholarly journals STUDY ON ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITIONS OF SAGE (SALVIA NEMOROSA L.) COLLECTED FROM THE NORTH WEST OF IRAN AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (35) ◽  
pp. 934-947
Author(s):  
Elham GHAFIYEHSANJ ◽  
Kamaladdin DILMAGHANI ◽  
Nader CHAPARZADEH ◽  
Sara SAADATMAND
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Antioxidant Metabolites ◽  
Northwest Of Iran ◽  
Primary Habitat

Salvia nemorosa L. or wood sage is a rich source of antimicrobial and antioxidant metabolites. Considering the importance of this medicinal plant and phytochemical diversity among its populations for local consumption and breeding porpuses this study was performed to determine and compare essential oil (EO) compositions of sage plants collected from four regions in the northwest of Iran including Ahar, Zonouz, Urmia, and Ardabil at two growth stages (vegetative and flowering) to finally demonstrate the effects of growth and location on EO features. The results showed the EO content of flowers in the studied regions were the highest in comparison with vegetative and flowering stages leaves. The percentage and the number of volatile compositions in the OE of flowers were those that presented the highest quantity. In Zonouz, 87.13% and 12 compositions while in Aahar, 80.20%, and 19 compositions. The lowest percentage and the number of volatile compositions in the OE of the flowers were seen in Urmia, 78.56%, and 13 compositions, while in Ardabil, these numbers were 68.61% and 10 compositions, respectively. Caryophyllene oxide had the highest content in all essential oils extracted, being the highest in the flowering stage leaves of the regions of Zonouz, Ardabil, and Urmia, respectively. In Ahar, unlike other areas, the most significant percentage of this compound was in the leaves of the vegetative stage. The oxygenated sesquiterpenes increased in the EO content of the flowers of the Urmia (46.31%), Ardabil (45.60%) and Zonouz (42.59%) regions. In contrast to other areas, for the Ahar region, the highest amount (36.18%) of oxygenated sesquiterpenes was observed in the EO of the leaves of the flowering stage. It can be concluded that different plant growth stages, plant harvest time, environmental conditions, primary habitat, and differences in climatic conditions can contribute to the concentration, type, and percentage of volatile compounds in the salvia EO.

scholarly journals Composition and provenance reconstruction of terrigenous deposits in the North-West of South Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-149
Author(s):  
Б.Л. Пхарое ◽  
А.Н. Евдокимов
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Manganese Nodules ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
North West ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
The North ◽  
Manganese Mineralization ◽  
Petrographic Study

Северо-западный регион ЮАР до недавнего времени не являлся промышленно марганценосным. Однако результаты изучения последних лет дают основание думать, что здесь могут быть залежи марганцевых руд. Марганцевое оруденение в этом регионе встречается в виде марганцевых конкреций, порошкообразного марганцевого вада и марганцевых корок в коре выветривания. Марганцевые конкреции приурочены к аллювиальной части «Westwits alluvium» рудного разреза и марганцевый вад накоплялся в карстовых структурах, образовавшихся в результате приповерхностного выветривания, выщелачивания и растворения подстилающих марганценосных неоархейских доломитов. Предполагается два потенциальных источника марганца: первый расположен непосредственно под рудным телом, а второй – на существенном удалении от него. Если первый источник рудного вещества поставлял марганец из подстилающих доломитов в процессе их выветривания, то второй вариант подразумевает существенный перенос металла из неизвестных коренных источников, расположенных на значительном удалении от области рудонакопления. Таким образом, для решения этого вопроса, необходимо провести экспериментальные исследования, изучающие природу, минералогию и источник сноса терригенных отложений «вмещающих материалов» верхнего рудного разреза. Цель работы – уточнить природу марганценосных терригенных залежей «Westwits alluvium» и, что самое важное, определить их коренной источник поступления и собственно минеральный состав. Методики исследования включали: петрографическое описание пород, геохимические анализы методами XRF и SEM, подсчеты объемного состава детритовых минералов и анализ дискриминационных диаграмм. Результаты. В результате проведенных исследований было установлено, что терригенные зёрна в основном представлены кварцем. Содержание полевых шпатов, минералов цемента и глинистых минералов не более 20 %. Использована классификация составов терригенного материала, основанная на подсчете в объемных процентах зерен кварца, полевого шпата, обломочных зерен других пород (вулканических, магматических и метаморфических пород), слюды и др. По этим данным были определены вероятные источники сноса, которыми являются породы Рэнд-Антиклинального хребта, расположенного к югу от изучаемого региона, а также архейские граниты, гнейсы и мафические-ультрамафические породы Каапваальского кратона. Осадконакопление происходило в низменной равнине с тропическим умеренно влажным и субгумидным климатом. Здесь, при повышенном рН воды происходило интенсивное выщелачивание пород и замещение детритовых зерен разного минерального состава диоксидом марганца. Ключевые слова: марганцовистый аллювий, третичный, терригенные отложения, Каапваальский кратон, Южная Африка The North-West region of the Republic of South Africa was previously not considered to constitute of manganese mineralization of industrial value. However, recently published articles indicated the presence of secondary manganese mineralization in the weathering crust, underlain by the manganiferous Neoarchean dolomites. Manganese mineralization in this region occurs in the form of manganese nodules, powdered manganese wad, and manganese crusts. Manganese nodules are confined to the alluvial part of the ore section known as the «Westwits alluvium» and manganese wad is accumulated in karstic structures formed as a result of near-surface weathering, leaching, and dissolution of underlying manganese-bearing Neoarchean dolomites. Two potential sources of manganese are assumed: the first relates to the dolomites which are located directly under the ore body, and the second relates to the source areas of terrigenous deposits. If the first hypothesis suggests that manganese ore substances were supplied from the underlying dolomites during their weathering, the second option then implies a significant transfer of metal from unknown root sources located at a considerable distance from the area of ore accumulation. Thus, it is necessary to conduct petrographic study to reconstruct their source regions and understand the close relations with Mn mineralization. Aim is to clarify the nature of the manganese-bearing terrigenous deposits «Westwits alluvium» and, most importantly, to determine their root source of supply and the actual mineral composition. Methodology of study includes mainly: petrographic study of rocks, geochemical analyses with the use of XRF and SEM methods, modal compositional analysis of the detrital minerals, and analysis of discrimination diagrams. Results. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that terrigenous grains consist mainly of detrital quartz grains. The content of feldspars, cement minerals and clay minerals seldom exceeds 20 %. The classification of terrigenous material based on the calculation of the volumetric percentage of the detrital framework grains: quartz, feldspar, clastic grains of other rocks types (volcanic, igneous and metamorphic rocks), mica, indicated probable source areas of the terrigenous sediments. These include metasedimentary rocks of the Rand Anticline Ridge which is located south of the studied region, and Archean granites, gneisses, and mafic-ultramafic rocks of the Kaapvaal Craton. In the basin of deposition, sedimentation occurred in a lowland plain within tropical region, characterized by moderately humid and sub-humid climatic conditions. These conditions, combined with oxidation and increased pH of the basin waters, contributed to the replacement of detrital grains with manganese dioxide

THE RESULTS OF NARROW LEAVED LUPINE VARIETIES EVALUATING FOR ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE TRAITS AND ADAPTABILITY TO THE BRYANSK REGION CONDITIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
P. А. Ageeva ◽  
М. V. Matyukhina ◽  
N. А. Pochutina ◽  
O. M. Gromova
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Kaliningrad Region

The narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is a valuable legumes crop used as forage and green manure which is adapted to wide spectrum of soil-and climatic conditions; the crop has short domestication history. The protein content in its seeds and in dry matter of green mass varies from 30.0 to 37.0% and from 16.0 to 22.0 % respectively and depends on ecotype and soil-and-climatic conditions. This lupin specie can accumulate to 300 kg/ha symbiotic nitrogen in biomass and assimilates phosphorus and potassium of heavy available soil layers. It is very technological suitable for common used machinery systems. The State List of breeding achievements of Russia recommends the following regions for lupin cultivation: the North, the North-West, the Central, the Volga-Vyatka, the Middle-Volga, the Central Chernozem, the Ural, the West Siberia and the East Siberia. The tests were carried out in 2017-2020 in the All-Russian Lupin Scientific Research Institute which is located in the South-West of the Central region. Ten varieties and breeding lines bred in the Institute are tested. The samples differ by early ripeness and anthracnose tolerance. The average experimental variety grain yield was 2.38 t/ha. The vars. Uzkolistny 53-02, USN 53-236, Bryanskiy kormovoy and SBS 56-15 have the highest yield and adaptivity (103-113 %). The index of year conditions was revealed; 2017 with the index 0.56 was the most favorable for implementation of grain productivity of the tested narrow-leafed lupin varieties. In the ecological varieties testing the soil-and-climatic conditions of Shatilovskaya experimental station (Orel region) were the most favorable for implementation of variety grain productivity (4.0-4.5 t/ha). Grain yield was 3.0-4.0 t/ha in ecological locations which differ in soil-and-climatic conditions: there are Kaliningrad region, Mordovia Republic, Krasnoyarsk region etc.

On Heptaphyllum, a New Genus of Carboniferous Coral

1924 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 416-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur E. Clark
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way ◽  
West Of Ireland

A few years ago Mr. Carruthers described an aberrant coral, Cryptophyllum hibernicum, from the Lower Carboniferous of Bundoran, Donegal. Cryptophyllum occurred in the Lower Calp shales, which are considered to be about at the horizon of Vaughan's C2 to S1 beds. Another aberrant genus, Heptaphyllum, also from the north-west of Ireland—Lower Carboniferous shales, Sligo—forms the subject of this paper. Cryptophyllum is remarkable, first for the manner in which the earlier major septa appear—irregularly, and nearly simultaneously, instead of regularly, and in consecutive pairs, as is typical for Rugose Corals; and also in the development of only five septa instead of the normal six in the earliest growth stages. Heptaphyllum, as its name implies, develops seven septa in the young corallum. It resembles Cryptophyllum in having an early aseptate corallum, and in the way in which the earlier septa appear.

scholarly journals Essential oil composition of the coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) herb depending on the development stage

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Nurzyńska-Wierdak
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Aliphatic Aldehydes ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Generative Phase

The herbal material of <em>Coriandrum sativum </em>is the fruit. Fresh herb is also used as an aromatic spice. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the content and chemical composition of coriander herb obtained at different plant growth stages. Coriander plants were grown in a glasshouse, the herb was harvested at the initial stage of flowering and from regrowing shoots. Essential oil extraction from the herb was performed by the hydrodistillation method, whereas the assessment of the chemical composition – using GC-MS method. The examined material contained 0.17–0.29 ml × 100g<sup>-1</sup> of essential oil, depending on the stage of plant development when the harvest was done. 61 (generative phase) and 65 (vegetative phase) compounds were found in the examined coriander oil. The essential oil from the coriander herb contained the highest amount of aliphatic aldehydes, among which was decanal, <em>E</em>-2-dodecanol and <em>E</em>-2-decenol had the highest percentages. The contents of most aliphatic aldehydes decreased with each subsequent harvest of the herb. In addition to the above-mentioned aliphatic aldehydes, the presence of linalool, phytol, and oleic acid was found in the essential oil extracted from the coriander herb.

A Biogeographical Analysis of the Tasmanian Endemic Ptunarra Brown Butterfly, Oreixenica ptunarra Couchman (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae : Satyrinae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. McQuillan ◽  
C. J. Ek
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
North West ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
The North ◽  
Tasmanian Endemic

Considerable geographic variation occurs in the Tasmanian endemic butterfly, Oreixenica ptunarra, and there is a high correlation between clusters of morphological characters and ecological factors, especially climate and elevation. Evidence is presented for the existence of a longitudinal cline in phenotypic characters of wing pattern and size, which is unrelated to the modest amount of variation in the male genitalia (a possible surrogate for genetic variability). Butterflies from warmer, less cloudy eastern Tasmania are larger and less dark in colour than those from the west, culminating in the small dark populations of the north-west. This suggests selection for efficiency in thermoregulation as climatic conditions become more marginal for adult activity from east to west. The prevailing subspecies classification does not fully reflect the range of variation in this species. Conservation strategies that aim to guarantee the survival of the collective phenotype of O. ptunarra based on this taxonomy are therefore misinformed. The north-west populations are disjunct geographically and in features of phenotype, but are not especially discrete in the morphology of the male genitalia. We propose that the subspecies angeli Couchman and roonina Couchman be reduced to synonymy with nominotypical ptunarra Couchman, and a new subspecies should be recognised to incorporate populations from the montane grasslands of north-western Tasmania.

scholarly journals On the impact of local natural and climatic conditions of the North-West Caucasus on the vital activities of the population in the context of the observations of I.N. Klingen

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Людмила Васильевна Бурыкина ◽  
Лариса Дмитриевна Федосеева
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

В статье предпринят анализ сведений о климате Северо-Западного Кавказа на базе монографии И.Н. Клингена, основанной на материалах комиссии И.С. Хатисова - А.Д. Ротиньянца и других исследователей Причерноморья и содержавшей компетентную и ценную информацию по истории сельского хозяйства шапсугов и убыхов. Несмотря на благоприятные природно-климатические условия, данная территория очень специфична, но это была естественная среда обитания адыгских племен, разработавших самобытные приемы агротехники и особые орудия труда, позволившие им возделывать землю, как на склонах гор, так и в низинах, и собирать значительные урожаи. Адыгскими племенами были выработаны собственные формы адаптации к среде обитания, представлены оригинальные способы жизнедеятельности в сложных климатических условиях, позволившие поддерживать региональную модель стабильного социально-экономического развития со своей этнокультурной спецификой. Проблема воздействия локальных природно-климатических условий на антропогенную деятельность и его отражение на процесс формирования традиции природопользования, земледельческий опыт адыгских племен, изложенный в отчете И.С. Хатисова и монографии И.Н. Клингена, не утратили актуальности и в современных условиях, поскольку сходы селевых потоков, водная эрозия с разрушительными последствиями стали настоящим бичом для хозяйств, курортов и простых граждан. Культура земледелия причерноморских адыгов была и остается самой разумной для этой территории и имеет не только научно-познавательное, но и практическое значение. The paper undertakes an attempt to analyze information about the climate of the North-West Caucasus basing on a monograph by I.N. Klingen. This monograph was based on the materials of the Commission of I.S. Khatisov-A.D. Rotinyants and other researchers of the Black Sea region. It contains competent and valuable information on the history of agriculture of the Shapsugs and Ubykhs. Despite favorable natural and climatic conditions, this territory is very specific. In this natural habitat, the Adyghe tribes developed original techniques of agricultural machinery and special tools that allowed them to cultivate land both on the slopes of the mountains and in the lowlands, and take significant crops. The Adyghe tribes developed their own forms of adaptation to the habitat, presented original ways of living in difficult climatic conditions, which made it possible to maintain a regional model of stable socio-economic development with its ethnocultural specificity. The problem of the impact of local natural and climatic conditions on anthropogenic activity and its reflection on the process of forming the tradition of nature management, the agricultural experience of the Adyghe tribes, set out in the report of I.S. Khatisov and the monograph by I.N. Klingen, have not lost their relevance in modern conditions. Rural mudflows, water erosion with destructive consequences have become a real scourge for farms, resorts and simple citizens. The culture of agriculture of the Adyghes living in the Black Sea region was and remains the most reasonable for this territory and has not only scientific and cognitive, but also practical significance.

scholarly journals Comparative Preservative Potential of Essential Oils of Ocimum gratissimum from Bambili of the North West and Mbonge of the South West Regions of Cameroon on Scomber scombrus

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Ngwasiri Pride Ndasi ◽  
Tsi Celestine Angu ◽  
Wilson Agwanande Ambindei ◽  
Nantia Akono Edouard ◽  
Diane Youmbi Yimta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
West Region ◽  
South West

Essential oils serve as a natural alternative to chemical or synthetic antimicrobials and antioxidants to fight against food borne pathogens or spoilage organisms, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and extending the shelf life of fish and other seafood. This study examines the antibacterial properties of essential oils from leaves of Ocimum gratissimum L. from two localities of the North West and South West of Cameroon on some pathogenic spoilage gram negative and positive bacteria isolated from mackerel, and their antimicrobial and antioxidant effectiveness on the fish quality during preservation for one month at -18oC. The plant materials were harvested from Bambili, the North West Region of Cameroon and from Mbonge, the South West Region of Cameroon and the essential oils extracted by hydro-distillation using Clevenger-type apparatus. Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aereus were isolated from mackerel by culture techniques and their susceptibility to the essential oils determined by well diffusion method. Psychrophilic bacteria and Enterobacteraceae counts were used to evaluate the microbiological quality of the fish during storage. Total volatile basic nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assays were used as indices to assess the biochemical quality of the fish during storage. Antibacterial susceptibility test showed that essential oils of O. gratissimum from the North West and South West Regions were active on all the tested microorganisms with different degree.The inhibitory diameters for essential oil from the South West Region were 28.0 mm, 27.2 mm and 26.0 mm while that for essential oil from the Bambili were 24.1 mm, 20.4mm and 21.9 mm for Staphylococcus aereus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi respectively. At the end of storage periods, the values of Psychrotrophs plate counts, total volatile base nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances for fish samples treated with essential oil from the Mbonge were 2.71log10cfu/g, 12.88 mgN/100g and 0.88 mgMDA/Kg, while that treated with North West essential oil were 3.00 log10cfu/g, 16.24 mgN/100g and 1.26 mgMDA/Kg respectively. From the obtained results, essential oil of O. gratissimum from the Mbonge was the most effective in preserving Atlantic mackerel.

scholarly journals Biological basis of sorghum cultivation in the North-West of the Non-Chernozem zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-541
Author(s):  
Elena P. Shkodina
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
North West ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
The North ◽  
The One

The need to restore the dairy cattle population and the feed base in the North-West region of the Russian Federation requires new sources of feed with high yield and nutritional values. The purpose of the research is to study the possibility of sugar sorghum introduction into the region for forage use. The research was conducted in 2017-2020 in the conditions of the Novgorod region. On plots with an area of 10 m2 in the third decade of May sugar sorghum was sown: a hybrid of the first generation Silosnoe 88, the Galia variety, the Laretz line. The predecessors were potato (2017, 2018, 2020) and vetch and oat mix (2019). The ability of sugar sorghum to stop developing and hibernate in unfavorable weather conditions, resuming vegetation when the weather improves, has been established. Intensive plant growth was observed at the end of July-August with the average daily growth of 1.9-5.0 cm. By the end of August, the plant height reached 245-280 cm, the yield of green mass was 110 t/ha (hybrid Silosnoe 88), 139.2 t/ha (variety Galia), 136 t/ha (Laretz line). In the extreme conditions of 2017, the yield of sorghum green mass was 21 t/ha. The yield of dry matter (DM) from 1 ha reached 6.8-13.4 t/ha. The protein content in the DM was 8.4-11.5 %, the yield of feed units was 0.76-0.82 kg/kg, the output of exchange energy was 9.7-10.1 MJ/kg. Sugar sorghum has an ability to grow back after mowing; in the conditions of the Novgorod region, the yield of green mass from two mowing (end of July, August-September) was lower (23.3-46.7 t/ha) than from the one at the end of August-September (44.3-139.2 t/ha). The Laretz line vegetation phases began 5-27 days later than those of the Silosnoe 88 hybrid and Galiya variety. The growing season of sugar sorghum ended in the phase of “heading of panicles - flowering”. Thus, a high plasticity and adaptability of sorghum varieties to unfavorable climatic conditions of the zone and their prospects for use in forage production have been established.

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