scholarly journals Optimality Theoretical Approach in Resolving Vocalic Hiatus in Tiv Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Francis I.A. ◽  
Elizabeth U.
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Hiatus Resolution ◽  
The World ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Resolution Strategies

This paper investigates vocalic hiatus resolution strategies in Tiv language. Hiatus is a phonological phenomenon whereby two vowel sounds occur in adjacent syllables with no intervening consonant. It is a dispreferred configuration in many languages but when it inevitably occurs, it is resolved through some of these strategies: epenthesis, vowel assimilation, vowel elision, secondary articulation, vowel coalescence, glide formation and diphthongization. Though there are other hiatus resolution strategies in Tiv, for want of time and space, this paper examines the most common ones: vowel assimilation and vowel elision, as hiatus resolution/repair strategies in Tiv, through the lenses of the Optimality Theory. It adopts a descriptive and analytical research design. The intuitive phonological ability of the researcher and oral interview through purposive sampling were used for eliciting data. Data were presented and analysed in tables. The study establishes the occurrence of vowel hiatus in Tiv. It demonstrates that vocalic hiatus is dispreferred in Tiv as it is in many other languages of the world. The study has shown that Tiv utilises inter-alia vowel assimilation and vowel elision to resolve vowel hiatus. The resolution is meant to ease articulation of Tiv words. Well-formedness of vowel configurations in Tiv was found to be constraint based in which case optimality of a candidate that undergoes repairs through either vowel assimilation or elision is determined by the ranking of the universal constraints that interact in the selection of candidates.

New Models of Religious Understanding

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
New Models ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
Recent Debate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Religious Understanding ◽  
Selection Of

What does it mean to understand the world religiously? How is such understanding to be distinguished from scientific understanding? And what does it have to do with religious practice, transfiguring love, and spiritual well-being? These are just some of the fascinating questions to be explored in this volume by a selection of the most distinguished and accessible writers in the field. The radical suggestion is that we require a new model of religious understanding—one that poses a challenge to the narrowly theoretical approach which has predominated in recent debate by giving due weight to its moral, spiritual, and practical dimensions. New Models of Religious Understanding sets a new and exciting agenda for philosophy of religion. It cuts across the supposed divide between analytic and continental approaches to the subject, and will engage the interest of a broad range of philosophical and theological readers.

Narcissism, Personality Traits and Conspicuous Consumption of Brand in Youth

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Sabeen Khan ◽  
Ruhi Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Conspicuous Consumption ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship among Narcissism, personality traits and conspicuous consumption of brands in youth. This used quantitative research design with a sample consisting of 50 Men and 50 Women. The age ranged between 18 – 22 years. A purposive sampling technique was used to select participants. The findings revealed that there was a relationship among conspicuous consumption and traits of personality. It was also uncovered that there are gender differences in conspicuous consumption of brands, narcissism and personality traits. Further it was concluded that narcissism is positively associated with conspicuous consumption of brands. Narcissism was likely to be a positive predictor of conspicuous consumption of brands and personality traits are likely to be a predictor of conspicuous consumption of brands.

“To Corrupt a Man in the Midst of a Verse”: Ben Jonson and the Prose of the World

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-72
Author(s):  
Jacob Tootalian
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Ben Jonson ◽  
Digital Analysis ◽  
Interactive Engagement ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
Linguistic Patterns ◽  
The World ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Bartholomew Fair

Ben Jonson's early plays show a marked interest in prose as a counterpoint to the blank verse norm of the Renaissance stage. This essay presents a digital analysis of Jonson's early mixed-mode plays and his two later full-prose comedies. It examines this selection of the Jonsonian corpus using DocuScope, a piece of software that catalogs sentence-level features of texts according to a series of rhetorical categories, highlighting the distinctive linguistic patterns associated with Jonson's verse and prose. Verse tends to employ abstract, morally and emotionally charged language, while prose is more often characterized by expressions that are socially explicit, interrogative, and interactive. In the satirical economy of these plays, Jonson's characters usually adopt verse when they articulate censorious judgements, descending into prose when they wade into the intractable banter of the vicious world. Surprisingly, the prosaic signature that Jonson fashioned in his earlier drama persisted in the two later full-prose comedies. The essay presents readings of Every Man Out of his Humour and Bartholomew Fair, illustrating how the tension between verse and prose that motivated the satirical dynamics of the mixed-mode plays was released in the full-prose comedies. Jonson's final experiments with theatrical prose dramatize the exhaustion of the satirical impulse by submerging his characters almost entirely in the prosaic world of interactive engagement.

Delving into Horror

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 135-150
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Definition Of

The springboard for this essay is the author’s encounter with the feeling of horror and her attempts to understand what place horror has in philosophy. The inquiry relies upon Leonid Lipavsky’s “Investigation of Horror” and on various textual plunges into the fanged and clawed (and possibly noumenal) abyss of Nick Land’s work. Various experiences of horror are examined in order to build something of a typology, while also distilling the elements characteristic of the experience of horror in general. The essay’s overall hypothesis is that horror arises from a disruption of the usual ways of determining the boundaries between external things and the self, and this leads to a distinction between three subtypes of horror. In the first subtype, horror begins with the indeterminacy at the boundaries of things, a confrontation with something that defeats attempts to define it and thereby calls into question the definition of the self. In the second subtype, horror springs from the inability to determine one’s own boundaries, a process opposed by the crushing determinacy of the world. In the third subtype, horror unfolds by means of a substitution of one determinacy by another which is unexpected and ungrounded. In all three subtypes of horror, the disturbance of determinacy deprives the subject, the thinking entity, of its customary foundation for thought, and even of an explanation of how that foundation was lost; at times this can lead to impairment of the perception of time and space. Understood this way, horror comes within a hair’s breadth of madness - and may well cross over into it.

I Know

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Wierzbicka
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Independent Source ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Philosophical Account ◽  
The World ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Analytical Research

This chapter argues that a philosophical account of human epistemology needs to be complemented by a linguistic one, informed by analytical and empirical experience of cross-linguistic semantics. The author outlines such a complementary account, based on many decades of empirical and analytical research undertaken within the NSM (Natural Semantic Metalanguage) approach. The main conclusion is that KNOW is an indefinable and universal human concept, and that there are four “canonical” frames in which this concept occurs across languages, the most basic one being the “dialogical” frame: “I know,” “I don’t know.” The author contends that both the questions and the answers concerning the “epistemology for the rest of the world” need to be anchored in some conceptual givens, derived neither from historically shaped Anglo English, nor from the European philosophical tradition, but from a more reliable, language- and culture-independent source; and the author shows how this can be done.

Presence, Environment, and Sound and the Role of Imagination

2019 ◽  
pp. 667-681
Author(s):  
Mark Grimshaw-Aagaard
Keyword(s):  
Computer Games ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Actual World ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
The World ◽  
Visual Dimension ◽  
The Creation ◽  
First Person Shooter ◽  
Selection Of

Mark Grimshaw-Aagaard addresses the role of sound in the creation of presence in virtual and actual worlds. He argues that imagination is a central part of the generation and selection of perceptual hypotheses—models of the world in which we can act—that emerge from what Grimshaw-Aagaard calls the “exo-environment” (the sensory input) and the “endo-environment” (the cognitive input). Grimshaw-Aagaard further divides the exo-environment into a primarily auditory and a primarily visual dimension and he deals with the actual world of his own apartment and the virtual world of first-person-shooter computer games in order to exemplify how we perceptually construct an environment that allows for the creation of presence.

Collective Decision-making: FIFA from the Perspective of Public Choice

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Follert ◽  
Lukas Richau ◽  
Eike Emrich ◽  
Christian Pierdzioch
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Choice ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Collective Decision ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Public Choice Theory ◽  
World Cup ◽  
The World ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractVarious scandals have shaken public confidence in football's global governing body, Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). It is evident that decision-making within such a collective provides incentives for corruption. We apply the Buchanan-Tullock model that is known from Public Choice theory to study collective decision-making within FIFA. On the basis of this theoretical model, we develop specific proposals that can contribute to combating corruption. Three core aspects are discussed: the selection of the World Cup host, transparency in the allocation of budgets, and clear guidelines for FIFA officials and bodies with regard to their rights and accountability. Our insights can contribute to a better understanding of collective decision making in heterogenous groups.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Empirical Characterization of Water as a Factor: Examples and Related Issues with the World Trade Model

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Ignacio Cazcarro ◽  
Albert E. Steenge
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Water Research ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Model ◽  
Selection Of

This article originates from the theoretical and empirical characterization of factors in the World Trade Model (WTM). It first illustrates the usefulness of this type of model for water research to address policy questions related to virtual water trade, water constraints and water scarcity. It also illustrates the importance of certain key decisions regarding the heterogeneity of water and its relation to the technologies being employed and the prices obtained. With regard to WTM, the global economic input–output model in which multiple technologies can produce a “homogeneous output”, it was recently shown that two different mechanisms should be distinguished by which multiple technologies can arise, i.e., from “technology-specific” or from “shared” factors, which implies a mechanism-specific set of prices, quantities and rents. We discuss and extend these characterizations, notably in relation to the real-world characterization of water as a factor (for which we use the terms technology specific, fully shared and “mixed”). We propose that the presence of these separate mechanisms results in the models being sensitive to relatively small variations in specific numerical values. To address this sensitivity, we suggest a specific role for specific (sub)models or key choices to counter unrealistic model outcomes. To support our proposal we present a selection of simulations for aggregated world regions, and show how key results concerning quantities, prices and rents can be subject to considerable change depending on the precise definitions of resource endowments and the technology-specificity of the factors. For instance, depending on the adopted water heterogeneity level, outcomes can vary from relatively low-cost solutions to higher cost ones and can even reach infeasibility. In the main model discussed here (WTM) factor prices are exogenous, which also contributes to the overall numerical sensitivity of the model. All this affects to a large extent our interpretation of the water challenges, which preferably need to be assessed in integrated frameworks, to account for the main socioeconomic variables, technologies and resources.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KINERJA PENYULUH PERTANIAN TERHADAP PERILAKU PETANI PADA PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI PTT DAN PRODUKTIVITAS PADI DI KABUPATEN BULELENG

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Putu Sugiarta ◽  
I GAA Ambarawati ◽  
I Gede Setiawan Adi Putra
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Purposive Sampling

Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (ICM) adalah paket teknologi penanaman padi di lokasi tertentu, yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan produksi dan produktivitas beras. Keberhasilan penerapan teknologi ICM oleh petani tidak lepas dari peran penyuluh. Hal itu dapat dilihat dari perilaku petani (pengetahuan, sikap, dan keterampilan) terhadap penerapan teknologi ICM yang berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas beras. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk mengetahui kinerja penyuluhan pertanian, (2) mengetahui pengaruh faktor penyuluhan pertanian terhadap kinerjanya, (3) mengetahui pengaruh kinerja penyuluhan pertanian terhadap perilaku petani. dan (4) dampak perilaku petani terhadap produktivitas padi di Kabupaten Buleleng. Penelitian ini menggunakan explanatory research design. Total responden 156 orang terdiri dari penyuluhan pertanian dan petani padi dan ditentukan oleh dua teknik, yaitu purposive sampling untuk sampel penyuluhan (39 orang) dan teknik simple random sampling untuk sampel petani (117 orang). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial (SEM-PLS). Studi ini menemukan bahwa (1) kinerja penyuluhan pertanian di Buleleng termasuk dalam kategori baik, (2) faktor penyuluhan pertanian berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja penyuluhan pertanian, (3) kinerja penyuluhan pertanian memiliki tingkat kepentingan positif dan tinggi secara signifikan terhadap perilaku petani dalam penerapan teknologi padi ICM dan (4) perilaku petani berpengaruh positif dan sangat signifikan terhadap produktivitas padi di Buleleng. Saran bagi pemerintah adalah untuk meningkatkan peran penyuluhan pertanian melalui mentoring petani dalam penerapan paket teknologi ICM dengan memilih metode dan teknik serta media yang tepat sesuai target dalam penyebaran teknologi. Pemerintah juga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan ketersediaan sarana, prasarana dan teknologi informasi untuk mendukung kegiatan penyuluhan.   Kata kunci: pengelolaan tanaman terpadu, penyuluhan pertanian, kinerja, produktivitas padi.  

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