scholarly journals The outstanding architect Alexander Iosifovich Bernardazzi (1831–1907)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ala Ceastina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
The Third ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Creative Contribution ◽  
Italian Origin ◽  
The City ◽  
City Park

This year marks the 190th birthday of the famous Swiss architect of Italian origin A.I. Bernardazzi, who is also known for creating various historic buildings in Ukraine, Bessarabia and Poland. Archival documents were an evidence of the beginning of architectural career of Bernardazzi, when the Bessarabian Road and Construction Commission appointed him as the technician for urban planning of Akkerman and Bendery in 1853 and also for building some bridges and causeways in those districts. He took part in the organization of the third market in the Forest Square in Kishinev in September of 1855. This was the first mission of his creativity in Kishinev. Alexander Bernardazzi executed his duty as municipal architect from 1856 to 1878 having taken the place of another architect Luca Zaushkevich. All his subsequent monumental buildings became the best examples of European architecture by their style, shape, and quality. . In Bessarabia, he participated in the design and construction of many buildings such as the temporal theatre, the Lutheran school, the railway station, the Greek Church, the Manuk-Bei’s palace, etc. As for Kishinev, the architect Bernardazzi performed the beautification of paving many streets, the construction of urban water supply and the cast-iron railing in the city park. Also, he participated in many architects’ meetings where he submitted interesting reports referring to the theater, some windows, fire safety of buildings and so on. After his arrival to Odessa in 1878, Alexander Bernardazzi continued to participate in designing social and civil buildings in Bessarabia. For his enormous creative contribution to urban development, he was appreciated with the title of honorable citizen of Kishinev and appointed member of the Bessarabian department of the Imperial Russian Technical Society.

scholarly journals Evaluation of transmissivity in a fractured aquifer—the Nyanzari wellfield, Burundi

Grundwasser ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Vassolo ◽  
Christian Tiberghien ◽  
Christoph Neukum ◽  
Désiré Baranyikwa ◽  
Melchior Ryumeko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Radial Flow ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Fractured Aquifer ◽  
Linear Flow ◽  
Fracture Systems ◽  
Water Supply Company ◽  
Observation Wells ◽  
The City

AbstractDue to population growth, the city of Gitega in the central part of Burundi is lacking drinking water. Therefore, the national urban water supply company decided to expand the Nyanzari wellfield by drilling additional wells.Two additional wells were drilled to 80 m (F7.2) and 85 m (F8bis) depths. Step tests followed by 72-hours aquifer tests were performed in each well. Results indicate bilinear flow followed by linear flow and radial flow in F7.2. No reaction was observed in observation wells. Fracture-matrix transmissivity was estimated at 3 · 10−4 m2/s. In the case of F8bis, linear flow in an infinite flow fracture followed by radial flow was visible. Reaction was measured in observation wells. Transmissivity was estimated at 3.3 · 10−3 m2/s.Both wells lie no more than 300 m apart, but no evidence of interference between them was depicted during the tests. It appears that two independent fracture systems prevail in the wellfield.

scholarly journals Controlling water infrastructure and codifying water knowledge: institutional responses to severe drought in Barcelona (1620–1650)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 913-927
Author(s):  
Santiago Gorostiza ◽  
Maria Antònia Martí Escayol ◽  
Mariano Barriendos
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
City Government ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Institutional Responses ◽  
The City

Abstract. Combining historical climatology and environmental history, this article examines the diverse range of strategies deployed by the city government of Barcelona (Catalonia, NE Spain) to confront the recurrent drought episodes experienced between 1626 and 1650. Our reconstruction of drought in Barcelona for the period 1525–1821, based on pro pluvia rogations as documentary proxy data, identifies the years 1626–1635 and the 1640s as the most significant drought events of the series (highest drought frequency weighted index and drought duration index). We then focus on the period 1601–1650, providing a timeline that visualises rain rogation levels in Barcelona at a monthly resolution. Against this backdrop, we examine institutional responses to drought and discuss how water scarcity was perceived and confronted by Barcelona city authorities. Among the several measures implemented, we present the ambitious water supply projects launched by the city government, together with the construction of windmills as an alternative to watermills, as a diversification strategy aimed at coping better with diminishing water flows. We pay special attention to the institutional efforts to codify the knowledge about Barcelona's water supply, which in 1650 resulted in the Book of Fountains of the City of Barcelona (Llibre de les Fonts de la Ciutat de Barcelona). This manual of urban water supply, written by the city water officer after 3 decades of experience in his post, constitutes a rare and valuable source to study water management history but also includes significant information to interpret historical climate. We analyse the production of this manual in the context of 3 decades marked by recurrent episodes of severe drought. We interpret the city government aspiration to codify knowledge about urban water supply as an attempt to systematise and store historical information on infrastructure to improve institutional capacities to cope with future water scarcities.

scholarly journals Rejuvenating The Face of Medan

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Syahirah Azura ◽  
Utami Wahyu
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Historic Building ◽  
The Third ◽  
Building Facade ◽  
The Face ◽  
The City ◽  
Economic Income

Medan is the third-largest city in Indonesia, and so do their heritage. The historic building in Medan City is a valuable asset. These buildings have infinite value and essential to people that ever lived there. Throughout more than five generations, these shophouses are stood still until today and waiting to be eaten by age. Therefore, this area should be conserved. Buildings that lived in Pasar Hindu slowly become extinct because of ignorance from people. Thus, an act of revitalization to this place should be done to conserve the story that ever recorded in this place, so that our next generations can learn and appreciate our history. This project is about how architecture can act as preservation in the historical area throughout the environmental design by the methodological approach. Heritage is a beautiful theme that keeps the scent and the scars of old stories that ever crouched at the shophouse. Compared to other countries that have successfully rejuvenate their historic buildings, their achievements developed much more than building façade but also increased the economic income of the community. These historical buildings had finally become a valuable asset for the owner, precious gems to the city, and pride to the nations.

scholarly journals Transformations récentes de l’agglomération québécoise : fonctions, population et organisation de l’espace

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 7-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Trotier
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Many ◽  
The City

Over the last ten years the Québec City agglomeration has been subject to numerous transformations despite the city's rather mediocre economic development and a rate of increase of population which is lower than that of most large cities of Canada. These transformations present differing characteristics in the various sectors of the city and of its suburbs. The central zone of the agglomeration, where the population is decreasing, has been the locale of rather extensive urban renewal despite the many problems posed by historic buildings and an outmoded lot structure. A second zone, termed « peripheral » by the writer, contains the areas exhibiting the greatest increase of population of the agglomeration ; this zone is characterised by a disorderly spatial structure, typical of recently urbanised areas. Finally, the third zone, termed sub-urban, gives the appearance of having been subjected to the minimum amount of change. Here, however, farms are rapidly disappearing as a result of land speculation and incipient urbanisation.

Introduction: The Power of Water

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Swyngedouw
Keyword(s):  
Durable Goods ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Hierarchical Systems ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
City Life ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The City

Water is indispensable ‘stuff’ for maintaining the metabolism, not only of our human bodies, but also of the wider social fabric. The very sustainability of cities and the practices of everyday life that constitute ‘the urban’ are predicated upon and conditioned by the supply, circulation, and elimination of water. The complex web of the ‘Metabolisms of Cities’ (Wolman 1965: 179) relies on the perpetual circulation of water into, through, and out of the city. Without an uninterrupted flow of water, the maelstrom of city life and the mesmerizing collage of interwoven practices that constitute the very essence of urbanity are hard to imagine. It is difficult, if not impossible, for most of us to even think about living without water for drinking, washing, bathing, cooking, or cleaning for more than a few hours. Indeed, like food, water is both a biological necessity and a key economic commodity, as well as being the source of an intricate and rich cultural and symbolic power (see Bachelard 1942). But while the supply of food, clothing, and durable goods can be handled through local, decentralized, individual initiative, the supply of water is routinely— although by no means necessarily or exclusively—organized by means of large bureaucratic and engineering control systems, collective intervention and action, and centralized decision-making systems (see Wittfogel 1957;Worster 1985; Lorrain 1997; Donahue and Johnston 1998). Such centralized and hierarchical systems, whether privately or publicly owned, enable monopoly control and, given the commodity character of water, permit the extraction of monopoly profits in addition to the powerful social and political control that goes with monopolistic control over vital goods. Contrary to the rural realm where—at least under non-arid conditions—water of a reasonable quality is easily and often readily available, urban water supply and access relies on the perpetual transformation, mastering, and harnessing of ‘natural’water. Urban water is necessarily transformed, ‘metabolized’ water, not only in terms of its physico-chemical characteristics, but also in terms of its social characteristics and its symbolic and cultural meanings.

scholarly journals The springs in the Barra Mansa Municipality and its uses: reflection for the development of environmental awareness and water governance

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e119119435
Author(s):  
Claudeci Martins da Silva ◽  
Danielle da Costa Rubim Messeder dos Santos ◽  
Ana Alice de Carli ◽  
Vera Lúcia Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
The Face ◽  
Surface Water Bodies ◽  
The City

Groundwater is an excellent alternative to meet public water supply demands, especially in the face of the water crisis and pollution of surface water bodies. Many municipalities throughout the national territory use water from springs for urban water supply. Barra Mansa, a city located in the southern Fluminense region, is an example of this. The aim of this study was to evaluate the water quality of three springs located in the city of Barra Mansa, in order to verify its water potential. The results obtained showed the water potential of the Municipality, revealing, however, the state of degradation and the risk of contamination of groundwater, imposing the need to develop measures to preserve, prevent and mitigate anthropic impacts on the water sources. In this way, the questions proposed here may contribute to a reflection about the exploration of the sources and the implications inherent to its use.

Measuring willingness to pay for improved urban water supply in Offa City, Kwara State, Nigeria

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 933-941
Author(s):  
B. F. Sule ◽  
O. G. Okeola
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The City ◽  
Private Sector Involvement

This paper is a study on financial sustainability of water supply service to the city of Offa, in Kwara State, Nigeria. The value consumers place on water supply and the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for improved service and the factors that influence their preferences were determined using an econometric model. The WTP was estimated using a double-bounded dichotomous model and the mean WTP was found to be 70% higher than the current tariff, while the expected monthly revenue from domestic customers alone was 21 million ($175,000)1. The study revealed that the consumers were not satisfied with the level of service but they were willing to pay for improved service and even support reforms that will bring about this change. The mean WTP in practical terms gives social benefit of a policy for the offered service for the affected population. The study outcome shows that the high WTP is a good incentive for private sector involvement in the management of urban water supply.

PENGARUH PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI TERHADAP KEPUASAN END USER COMPUTING DENGAN KETIDAKPASTIAN TUGAS SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herawati M
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
End User ◽  
Moderating Variables ◽  
The Third ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Task Uncertainty ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The City ◽  
End User Computing

This study aims to use information technology, uncertainty or moderation duties and interactions between task uncertainty with the use of information technology to end user computing satisfaction. In this study used 70 respondents who actively use computers and working with several companies banking on the city of Padang. The data used are the primary data obtained through questionnaires. The study used three types of variables, the first is the independent variable, namely the utilization of information technology, both moderating variables, namely the uncertainty of the task, the third is the dependent variable is satisfaction of end user computing. The stages of hypothesis testing is done by using a regression model of moderating and statistical t-test. Based on the results of testing the first hypothesis (HI) was found to significantly influence the utilization of information technology to the satisfaction of end user computing. The second hypothesis (H2) testing results found that task uncertainty did not significantly influence the end user computing satisfaction. The third hypothesis (H3) testing found that the interaction or moderation between the use of technology with task uncertainty no significant effect on end user computing satisfaction.

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