Different Methods of Preparation, Evaluation and Comparison of One Traditional Oral Liquid Formulation for Potential Antihyperlipidemic Activity in Hyperlipidemic Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 2426-2433
Author(s):  
Subhajit Ghosh ◽  
Padala Narasimha Murthy ◽  
Hanumanthachar Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Pharmacological Studies

Kashayam are unique Ayurvedic Formulation, most of them Polyherbal oral dosage form, used as a medicinal rationale. One of them Kokilaksha Kashayam, Quality of Kokilaksha Kashayam depends only on quality of starting materials, processing of ingredients, meticulous crushing, heating cycle.In traditional system of medicine like Ayurveda, Kokilaksha Kashayam is one of the traditional Indian medicine which is a polyherbal preparation treated with plant extract. It is generally used in the treatments of disorders related to Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic,heart, cancer etc. however detailed characterization studies after preparation & comparison with marketed formulation are significant which can express authenticity of the product. Here the research work deals with the preparation of Kokilaksha Kashayam as per the procedure mentioned in the Ayurvedic text and modern method of preparation. Prepared Kokilaksha Kashayam was characterized and identified by different Analytical techniques, then evaluate preclinical pharmacological studies and also compared with Marketed formulations. Special steps concerned in the preparation of Kokilaksha Kashayam include Upakara (Preparation), Jaran (Heating & Stirring), Shoshan (Purification), Dravyaguna parlksa (Pharmacological experiments), tulana parlksa (comparison Study) by traditional or conventional as well as modern methods of preparation. These products obtained from Jaran (Heating & Stirring), Shoshan (Purification) by water extraction (Decoction process) and marketable sample were analyzed for quality control checks, the parameters mentioned in Ayurvedic texts as well as in modern techniques of evaluation, and pre-clinical pharmacological studies such as Assay of lipid per- oxidation, Hypolipidemic Activity etc were done to find out nature and form of the prepared formulation. Analyzed the in-vitro with in-vivo Anti-hyperlipidemic activity, bio-accessibility of Kokilaksha Kashayam were also determined. The Study reveals that the prepared Kokilaksha Kashayam-T and Kokilaksha Kashayam-M was shown the antioxidant activity was expanded in focus subordinate way. Kokilaksha Kashayam -T and Kokilaksha Kashayam-M repressed the ferrous sulfate prompted lipid per-oxidation in a measurements subordinate way and demonstrated inhibitory focus (IC50) esteem 166.173 and 170.284 µg/ml individually observed from graphical representation. By Oral Administration of Kokilaksha Kashayam-T and Kokilaksha Kashayam-M for nine weeks at the measurement of 2 ml/kg fundamentally decreased serum cholesterol, serum LDL and serum triglycerides while indicated critical ascent in serum HDL when contrasted with high fat eating routine encouraged control gathering. Marketed Kokilaksha Kashayam additionally demonstrated critical decline in serum cholesterol, serum LDL, serum triglycerides and indicated noteworthy ascent in serum HDL. Atorvastatin (1.2 mg/kg, p.o.) was utilized as standard antihyperlipidemic drug.The Study confirmed prepared two kinds of Kokilaksha Kashayam as Kokilaksha Kashayam-T and Kokilaksha Kashayam-M and Compared with Marketed Formulation indicated noteworthy decrease in atherogenic record when contrasted with high fat eating routine bolstered control amass which emphatically underpins antiatherosclerotic property of Kokilaksha Kashayam. Hence, it is concluded that Kokilaksha Kashayam can be very useful as cardiac disorder and extending the freshly prepared more active than Marketed formulation.

scholarly journals Anti-obesity effect of Tamarindus indicus seed extract against a high-fat diet-induced obese model in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 2083-2089
Author(s):  
Nabeel K ◽  
Asra Fathima ◽  
Farhath Khanum ◽  
Manjula S N ◽  
Mruthunjaya K ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Serum Triglycerides

The present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-obesity property of Tamarindus indica seed extract (TSE) on high fat-fed obese rats. TSE was prepared by cold maceration method and qualitative phytochemical studies had been carried out. In vitro cell viability assay (MTT assay) was and oil red staining for evaluating the lipid accumulation in cells was carried out using 3T3-L1 cells, and leptin levels was evaluated by ELISA. In-vivo Obesity was induced in experimental rats by administration of a high-fat diet for 04 weeks. The anti-obesity effect was screened by oral administration of TSE at two different dose levels i.e., 250 and 500mg/kg b. Wt. Along with a high-fat diet for a period of 04 weeks. The anti-obesity activity is estimated in terms of body weight gain, serum triglycerides (TG), Total cholesterol (TC). In -vitro studies revealed that the TSE has no cytotoxic effect, Administration of a high-fat diet for 04 weeks significantly increased the body weight, serum triglycerides, cholesterol. Upon treatment with TSE, a significant dose-dependent alteration in body weight, triglycerides, cholesterol levels were observed, inferring the anti-obesity property of Tamarindus seed extract.

scholarly journals PARENT CHILD RELATIONSHIP OF SECONDARY SCHOOL GIRL CHILDREN IN THE CONTEXT OF LOCALITY AND DIFFERENT SCHOOL BACKGROUND

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Shakila
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Parent Child Relationship

Objective: The objective of this research work was to develop and evaluate the floating– pulsatile drug delivery system (FPDDS) of meloxicam intended for Chrono pharmacotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: The system consisting of drug containing core, coated with hydrophilic erodible polymer, which is responsible for a lag phase for pulsatile release, top cover buoyant layer was prepared with HPMC K4M and sodium bicarbonate, provides buoyancy to increase retention of the oral dosage form in the stomach. Meloxicam is a COX-2 inhibitor used to treat joint diseases such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. For rheumatoid arthritis Chrono pharmacotherapy has been recommended to ensure that the highest blood levels of the drug coincide with peak pain and stiffness. Result and discussion: The prepared tablets were characterized and found to exhibit satisfactory physico-chemical characteristics. Hence, the main objective of present work is to formulate FPDDS of meloxicam in order to achieve drug release after pre-determined lag phase. Developed formulations were evaluated for in vitro drug release studies, water uptake and erosion studies, floating behaviour and in vivo radiology studies. Results showed that a certain lag time before drug release which was due to the erosion of the hydrophilic erodible polymer. The lag time clearly depends on the type and amount of hydrophilic polymer which was applied on the inner cores. Floating time and floating lag time was controlled by quantity and composition of buoyant layer. In vivo radiology studies point out the capability of the system of longer residence time of the tablets in the gastric region and releasing the drug after a programmed lag time. Conclusion: The optimized formulation of the developed system provided a lag phase while showing the gastroretension followed by pulsatile drug release that would be beneficial for chronotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.

scholarly journals 398 Effects of Insecticidal Controlled Atmospheres at High Temperature on the Quality of Mango Fruit

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 512D-512
Author(s):  
Elhadi M. Yahia ◽  
Dora Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Anastrepha Ludens ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Heat Injury ◽  
Controlled Atmospheres ◽  
Insect Mortality

We have shown in research work also presented in this meeting that insecticidal controlled atmospheres at high temperatures are very efficient in causing in vitro mortality of eggs and third instar larvas, and in vivo mortality of third instar larvas of Anastrepha ludens and A. obliqua. In this work we are reporting on their effect on the quality of mango fruit. Fruit of the cultivar `Manila' were exposed to 0% O2 + 50% CO2 at 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, and 49°C and 50% relative humidity for 160 min, after which they were stored at 10 °C for 20 days and evaluated at different intervals. Fruit exposed at 44°C or more had heat injury, while those exposed at 43°C or less did not show any injury and had similar or better quality than the control. On the basis of our previous results on insect mortality and on the resulted fruit quality reported here (heat injury, color, texture, weight loss), we conclude that 0% O2 + 50% CO2 at 43°C or less for 160 min can be used for the control of A. ludens and A. obliqua in mangoes.

Ferula hermonis: A Review of Current Use and Pharmacological Studies of its Sesquiterpene Ester Ferutinin

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Safi ◽  
Marwan El-Sabban ◽  
Fadia Najjar
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Sexual Impotence ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Sesquiterpene Ester

Ferula hermonis Boiss, is an endemic plant of Lebanon, locally known as “shilsh Elzallouh”. It has been extensively used in the traditional medicine as an aphrodisiac and for the treatment of sexual impotence. Crude extracts and isolated compounds of ferula hermonis contain phytoestrogenic substances having a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties including anti-osteoporosis, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-fungal, anti-cancer and as sexual activity enhancer. The aim of this mini-review is to highlight the traditional and novel applications of this plant’s extracts and its major sesquiterpene ester, ferutinin. The phytochemical constituents and the pharmacological uses of ferula hermonis crude extract and ferutinin specifically will be discussed.

Nyctanthes Arbor-Tristis and its Role in the Alleviation of Arthritic Pain: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1147-1156
Author(s):  
Ruchi Singh ◽  
Syed M. Hasan ◽  
Amit Verma ◽  
Sanjay K. Panda
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Modern Drug ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Drug Synthesis ◽  
New Compounds

Background: A plant is a reservoir of potentially useful active chemical entities which act as drugs as well as intermediates for the discovery of newer molecules and provide newer leads for modern drug synthesis. The demand for new compounds in the field of medicine and biotechnology is centuries old and with a rise in chronic diseases and resistance to existing drugs in the field of anti-infective agents, the chemicals obtained from plant sources have been an area of attraction. The whole plant has possessed multiple pharmacological activities. This is scientifically established by in-vivo and in-vitro studies. Methods: Various electronic databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google were searched to collect the data of the present review. All the collected information is categorized into different sections as per the aim of the paper. Results: Fifty-six research and review papers have been studied and were included in this review article. After a detailed study, we provide a significant description of various phytochemicals present in Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn., which is responsible for various pharmacological activities. Twenty of studied articles gives a general introduction and ethnobotanical information about the plant, two papers contained microscopic detail of leaf and fruit. Twenty papers contained information about the phytoconstituents present in different parts of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis plant and fourteen articles reported pharmacological activities like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, antimicrobial and immunobiotic activity. Conclusion: This review explores the published research work comprising the ethnobotanical description of the subjected plant, distribution, phytochemical profile, and arthritis-related pharmacological activities.

Animal Models and Alternatives in the Quality Control of Vaccines: Are In Vitro Methods or In Vivo Methods the Scientific Equivalent of the Emperor's New Clothes?

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
Coenraad Hendriksen ◽  
Johan van der Gun
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Vitro Test

In the quality control of vaccine batches, the potency testing of inactivated vaccines is one of the areas requiring very large numbers of animals, which usually suffer significant distress as a result of the experimental procedures employed. This article deals with the potency testing of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, two vaccines which are used extensively throughout the world. The relevance of the potency test prescribed by the European Pharmacopoeia monographs is questioned. The validity of the potency test as a model for the human response, the ability of the test to be standardised, and the relevance of the test in relation to the quality of the product are discussed. It is concluded that the potency test has only limited predictive value for the antitoxin responses to be expected in recipients of these toxoids. An alternative approach for estimating the potency of toxoid batches is discussed, in which a distinction is made between estimation of the immunogenic potency of the first few batches obtained from a seed lot and monitoring the consistency of the quality of subsequent batches. The use of animals is limited to the first few batches. Monitoring the consistency of the quality of subsequent batches is based on in vitro test methods. Factors which hamper the introduction and acceptance of the alternative approach are considered. Finally, proposals are made for replacement, reduction and/or refinement (the Three Rs) in the use of animals in the routine potency testing of toxoids.

scholarly journals Tyrosol-Enriched Tomatoes by Diffusion across the Fruit Peel from a Chitosan Coating: A Proposal of Functional Food

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Silvia Tampucci ◽  
Antonella Castagna ◽  
Daniela Monti ◽  
Clementina Manera ◽  
Giuseppe Saccomanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Food Matrix ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Fresh Food ◽  
In Vitro Permeation ◽  
Active Transfer

Chitosan is receiving increasing attention from the food industry for being a biodegradable, non-toxic, antimicrobial biopolymer able to extend the shelf life of, and preserve the quality of, fresh food. However, few studies have investigated the ability of chitosan-based coatings to allow the diffusion of bioactive compounds into the food matrix to improve its nutraceutical quality. This research is aimed at testing whether a hydrophilic molecule (tyrosol) could diffuse from the chitosan-tyrosol coating and cross the tomato peel. To this end, in vitro permeation tests using excised tomato peel and an in vivo application of chitosan-tyrosol coating on tomato fruit, followed by tyrosol quantification in intact fruit, peel and flesh during a seven-day storage at room temperature, were performed. Both approaches demonstrated the ability of tyrosol to permeate across the fruit peel. Along with a decreased tyrosol content in the peel, its concentration within the flesh was increased, indicating an active transfer of tyrosol into this tissue. This finding, together with the maintenance of constant tyrosol levels during the seven-day storage period, is very promising for the use of chitosan formulations to produce functional tomato fruit.

scholarly journals Stamina-Enhancing Effects of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 096368972110354
Author(s):  
Eun-Jung Yoon ◽  
Hye Rim Seong ◽  
Jangbeen Kyung ◽  
Dajeong Kim ◽  
Sangryong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Serum Triglycerides

Stamina-enhancing effects of human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) were investigated in young Sprague-Dawley rats. Ten-day-old male rats were transplanted intravenously (IV) or intracerebroventricularly (ICV) with hADSCs (1 × 106 cells/rat), and physical activity was measured by locomotor activity and rota-rod performance at post-natal day (PND) 14, 20, 30, and 40, as well as a forced swimming test at PND 41. hADSCs injection increased the moving time in locomotor activity, the latency in rota-rod performance, and the maximum swimming time. For the improvement of physical activity, ICV transplantation was superior to IV injection. In biochemical analyses, ICV transplantation of hADSCs markedly reduced serum creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine transaminase, and muscular lipid peroxidation, the markers for muscular and hepatic injuries, despite the reduction in muscular glycogen and serum triglycerides as energy sources. Notably, hADSCs secreted brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor in vitro, and increased the level of BDNF in the brain and muscles in vivo. The results indicate that hADSCs enhance physical activity including stamina not only by attenuating tissue injury, but also by strengthening the muscles via production of BDNF.

scholarly journals In vitro characteristics and in vivo platelet quality of whole blood treated with riboflavin and UVA / UVB light and stored for 24 hours at room temperature

Transfusion ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Turid Helen Felli Lunde ◽  
Lindsay Hartson ◽  
Shawn Lawrence Bailey ◽  
Tor Audun Hervig
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Room Temperature
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