Detection of β-lactamase in Clinical samples of Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 2995-2998
Author(s):  
Venkateswarlu Dasari ◽  
Arjun Pandian ◽  
Samiraj Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
The Public ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Confirmatory Analysis ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

The public health complexity globally the pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae are particularly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, from the hospital samples isolates of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. 520 samples were obtained from patients in prakasam (DT), Coastal Andhra, Andhra Pradesh, India. Identified under clinical laboratory condition, for microbial culture Blood agar and MacConkey agar used and identified for selected pathogens, different biochemical test was tested against microbes. Results are in urine sample examined for this study screened (520), among them culture +ve (250), β-lactamase (33), E. coli (15), Klebsiella (18) and others (217), in blood samples was collected and analyzed (250) culture +ve are (25), β-lactamase (13), E. coli (6), Klebsiella (4) and others (15). Pleural fluids (10) are evaluated among them culture +ve (3), β-lactamase (2), E. coli didn’t observed, Klebsiella (2) and others (1) also obtained (Fig. 6). In synovial fluid samples (10) screened and evaluated among them culture +ve (3), β-lactamase (3), E. coli didn’t observed, Klebsiella (3) and others also didn’t find out. In antibiotic sensitivity test, observed that sensitive to Piperacillin tazobactum and Sensitive to imepenam. Concluded that the urine samples collected and examined in different methods β-lactamase, E. coli didn’t observed, Klebsiella identified and characterized in different confirmatory analysis, use of these antibiotics is compulsory to decrease the extend of these challenging strains.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE PRODUCING ENTEROBACTERIACEAE MEMBERS ISOLATED FROM CLINICALLY SUSPECTED PATIENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moorthy Kannaiyan ◽  
Gedif Meseret Abebe ◽  
Chinnasamy Kanimozhi ◽  
Punitha Thambidurai ◽  
Saranya Ashokapuram Selvam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Genotypic Identification ◽  
Esbl Producers

 Objective: Emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) production poses another clinical problem with Gram-negative bacterial infections. The present study was aimed to evaluate the ESBL producers among various clinical samples of clinically suspected patients.Methods: A total of 1279 samples (urine [918], pus [207] and stool [154]) were collected and 465 isolates (Escherichia coli [320], Enterobacter aerogenes [119] and Klebsiella pneumoniae [26]) were isolated and screened for the presence of ESBL producers using combination disc method and double disc synergy test.Results: Of the 465 culture positive isolates, 130 (E. coli 93 [29.06%], E. aerogenes 35 [29.41%] and K. pneumoniae 2 [7.69%]) were identified as ESBL producers. Among the three Enterobacteriaceae members, E. coli 93 (29.06%) was found to be predominant ESBL producer next in order E. aerogenes 35 (29.41%) and K. pneumoniae 2 (7.69%). Maximum number of ESBL producers were recovered from urine (n=111) followed by pus (n=14) and stool (n=5). All the ESBL-producing isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test using 10 different antibiotics. ESBL producers were chiefly resistance to ceftriaxone followed by ceftazidime and cefotaxime. Of 130 ESBL producers, 15 (E. coli (8), E. aerogenes (6) and K. pneumoniae (1)] strains were selected for genotypic identification. Among, only two strains of E. aerogenes were positive isolates for CTX-M type ESBL in polymerase chain reaction.Conclusion: This study concluded that among Enterobacteriaceae members, E. coli was the predominant ESBL producers and urine was noted as the prime source for the ESBL positive isolates when compared to other source. Genotypic identification was the best method to differentiate ESBL types which were essential to provide proper treatment.

scholarly journals Pathogenic and Drug Resistant Bacteria in Raw Milk of Jessore City: A Potential Food Safety Threat

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
UT Tasnim ◽  
MT Islam
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Milk is such a food which can meet almost all nutritional needs of human lives. Raw or unprocessed milk supports the growth of wide variety of microorganisms. The major interests of this study were examining the microbial quality of raw milk collected from different locations of Jessore city in Bangladesh and determining antibiotic susceptibility pattern of some isolated bacteria. To do so, 12 raw milk samples were collected from different areas of Jessore city. Microbial analysis comprised of enumeration of TVC (total viable count), TCC (total coliform count) and TSC (total staphylococcal count). The highest TVC, TCC and TSC were 1.95x109 CFU/ml, 2.5x107 CFU/ml and 1.02x107 CFU/ml respectively. Prevalent bacterial populations were Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Shigella spp. Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli and Citrobacter spp. In order to observe the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, the antibiotic sensitivity test was performed for some randomly selected isolates of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. More than 90% isolates of Klebsiella spp. were found to be resistant against Erythromycin whereas more than 90% isolates were sensitive against Imipenem. On the other hand, 100% E. coli isolates were observed as resistant against Erythromycin and in case of Trimethopreme 100% isolates were sensitive. Multidrug resistance pattern was also found. These results suggest the necessity of hygienic practices during handling, processing and post-processing of raw milk to improve the microbiological quality and safety of raw milk.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23723Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2015). 13 (1): 71-78

scholarly journals Biofilm Formation by Uropathogens and Their Susceptibility Towards Antimicrobial Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Prakash Bhatta ◽  
Asmita Sapkota ◽  
Pushpa Subedi ◽  
Sunita Baniya Chhetri ◽  
Dhaka Raj Pant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Exopolymeric Substances ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Health Care Associated Infection ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common health care associated infection caused by various pathogenic bacteria. Biofilms are communities of bacteria that are held together by exopolymeric substances that protect against the antimicrobial therapy and other environmental assaults. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of biofilm forming bacteria in Nepalese population and to study the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among biofilm producing bacteria in comparison to non-biofilm producing bacteria. Methods: A total of 785 clean-caught-mid-stream urine samples were collected. After isolation and identification of uropathogens, they were further processed for detection of biofilm formation by two methods (Congo Red Agar method and Tissue Culture Plate method) as well as for antibiotic sensitivity test. Results: Out of total collected samples, 12.74% were found to be associated with UTI, among them 67% were Escherichia coli, 10% were Klebsiella spp, 7% were Pseudomonas spp, 6% were Staphyloccous aureus, 4% were Enterobacter spp, 3% were Proteus spp, 2% were Citrobacter spp and remaining 1% was Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Among isolated organisms, the ratio of bioflim positive organism to bioflim negative organism was found to be 9:11. Nitrofurantoin, Tobramycin, Chloramphenicol, Amikacin and Imipenem were found to be significantly more sensitive in biofilm negative bacteria as compared to biofilm positive bacteria with p values of 0.000, 0.001, 0.000, 0.000 and 0.001. Conclusions: The prevalence rate of multidrug resistance in bacterial uropathogens was higher in biofilm producers as compared to non-biofilm producers. Biofilm forming characteristic of bacteria make them more resistant to antibiotics.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Escherichia coli from Various Clinical Samples

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. IDRT.S13820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Amit Kumar Singh ◽  
Mohammad Rashid Ali ◽  
Yogesh Chander
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli has tremendously increased worldwide and it is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality associated with hospital-acquired infections. This could be attributed to association of multi drug resistance in ESBL producing isolates. The present study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial sensitivity profile of ESBL producing E. coli isolates from various clinical samples. Materials and Methods Clinical samples, which consist of pus, urine, blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), stool, sputum, swabs, and different body fluids, are included in the study. Samples were processed and identified as per routine laboratory protocol. ESBL screening and confirmation along with antimicrobial susceptibility test was done according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results Out of 180 third generation cephalosporins resistant E. coli, 100 (55.55%) isolates were ESBL producers showing a greater degree of resistance to antibiotics. Conclusion The prevalence of ESBL is increasing day by day in nearly every center of different countries and necessary steps to prevent the spread and emergence of resistance should be taken.

scholarly journals The effect of environmental factors on the abundance of cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli in Sunter River

2021 ◽  
Vol 909 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
Efadeswarni ◽  
F Y Amandita ◽  
N Puspandari ◽  
N Aini
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test

Abstract The water quality of the Sunter River in Jakarta was classified as heavily polluted due to activities around the river, both domestic and non-domestic. As one of the environmental parameters for water quality, the presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) is normally found any natural environment, and under certain conditions it can become resistant to antimicrobials due to genetic mutations. The mutated E. coli produces Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) enzymes and has a higher survival ability in antibiotic-contaminated river water, thus potentially endangering public health. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on the abundance of ESBL producing E. coli and their resistance to antibiotic cefotaxime. Sampling was conducted in six locations representing the upstreams and the downstreams of Sunter River, following the Global Surveillance guidelines. E. coli strains were isolated using Tryptone Bile X-glucuronide (TBX) agar medium (with and without the addition of cefotaxime 4μg/ml) and the antibiotic sensitivity test of ESBL E. coli was conducted by performing a double-disk test. The results showed that the highest average abundance of ESBL E. coli was found in the sample taken from Sindang Station (904.24 x 104 colony per unit (CFU) / 100 mL) and the lowest was from Sunter Station (1,58 x 104 CFU / 100 mL). The results of the Bivariate Pearson correlation analysis showed that temperature, pH, and salinity were negatively correlated with the abundance of ESBL-producing E. coli bacteria.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic detection of metallo-β-lactamases in A. baumanii isolates obtained from clinical samples in Shahrekord, southwest Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansoor Khaledi ◽  
Milad Shahini Shams Abadi ◽  
Majid Validi ◽  
Behnam Zamanzad ◽  
Rezvan Vafapour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Gene Detection ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Phenotypic Tests ◽  
Southwest Iran

Abstract Objective: Acinetobacter baumanii is a pathogenic bacterium that is the cause of many nosocomial infections. This study aimed to determine metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) produced by the A . baumanii isolated obtained from clinical samples in Shahrekord, southwest Iran . Results: A total of 100 A . baumanii isolates were isolated from 250 clinical samples between June 2013 and June 2014. Then, the isolates were identified by biochemical tests and MBL screening conducted by the phenotypic tests modified Hodge, EDTA-disk synergy (EDS), combined disk (CD) and AmpC disc after antibiotic sensitivity test, and the bla genes detected by PCR. Eighty-five (85%) isolates were resistant to meropenem and imipenem. Phenotypic tests showed that out of the 100 isolates, 46, 59, 50, 65 and 65 isolates were positive: AmpC disk, CD, EDS, Modified Hodge and Etest MBL, suggesting MBL production, respectively. Gene detection by PCR showed that 23 isolates carried the VIM-1 gene and only three isolates carried the IMP-1 gene. The prevalence of metallo-β-lactamases-containing A . baumanii isolates is increasing, and the coexistence of various carbapenemases is a problem. Continuous monitoring of the infections due to these bacteria should be taken into account in planning for alternative and new therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic detection of metallo-β-lactamases in A. baumanii isolates obtained from clinical samples in Shahrekord, southwest Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansoor Khaledi ◽  
Milad Shahini Shams Abadi ◽  
Majid Validi ◽  
Behnam Zamanzad ◽  
Rezvan Vafapour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Gene Detection ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Phenotypic Tests ◽  
Southwest Iran

Abstract Objective Acinetobacter baumanii is a pathogenic bacterium that is the cause of many nosocomial infections. This study aimed to determine metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) produced by the A. baumanii isolates obtained from clinical samples in Shahrekord, southwest Iran. Results A total of 100 A. baumanii were isolated from 250 clinical samples between June 2013 and June 2014. Then, the isolates were identified by biochemical tests, and MBL screening was conducted by the phenotypic tests modified Hodge, EDTA-disk synergy (EDS), combined disk (CD) and AmpC disc after antibiotic sensitivity test. Using PCR technique the bla genes were detected. Eighty-five (85%) isolates were resistant to meropenem and imipenem. Phenotypic tests showed that out of the 100 isolates, 46, 59, 50, 65 and 65 isolates were positive: AmpC disk, CD, EDS, Modified Hodge and E-test MBL respectively. Gene detection by PCR showed that 23 isolates carried the VIM-1 gene and only three isolates carried the IMP-1 gene. The prevalence of metallo-β-lactamases isolates containing A. baumanii is increasing. Furthermore, the coexistence of various carbapenemases is dominantly act as a major problem. Continuous monitoring of the infections related to these bacteria should be considered to plan an alternative and new therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Granulomatous colitis in two French bulldogs unresponsive to fluoroquinolone antimicrobials: a case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 292-294
Author(s):  
R. Lucena ◽  
M. Novales ◽  
PJ Ginel
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Granulomatous Colitis ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Agar Media

Two cases of granulomatous colitis in two French bulldogs were found to be unresponsive to fluoroquinolones. The granulomatous colitis diagnosis was made on the basis of PAS-positive histiocytes in the lamina propria of the colonic mucosa in biopsy samples taken at colonoscopy. Remission of granulomatous colitis has been reported using fluoroquinolones leading to the idea that invasive Escherichia coli strains in the colonic mucosa are involved. Oral enrofloxacin (Baytril 150 mg, Bayer, Spain) at 10 mg/kg per day for eight weeks was prescribed to both dogs in this study. A first course of therapy resolved the problem in dog No. 1, which, however, was followed by relapse three months later without enrofloxacin response. No clinical remission was seen in dog No. 2 and 4.4 mg/kg marbofloxacin (Marbocyl P 20 mg, Vetoquinol, Spain) per day for 10 weeks was administered but without any response. From both dogs, biopsy samples from the colonic mucosa were taken during colonoscopy. Samples were homogenised for microbial culture in different agar media to identify invasive microbes. Escherichia coli were largely isolated and antibiotic sensitivity testing (MIC of E. coli to selected antimicrobials, CLSI 2013) was carried out. In both cases, E. coli was resistant to fluoroquinolones. In dog No. 1 E. coli was susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefazolin, amikacin and gentamicin whereas in dog No. 2 it was susceptible to doxycycline and amoxicillin-clavulanate. Clinical remission was achieved in dog No. 1 with amoxicillin-clavulanate (Synulox 250 mg, Pfizer, Spain) therapy for eight weeks. No response was found in dog No. 2 with any of the antimicrobials alone or combined with metronidazole.

DETECTION OF BACTERIOPHAGES AGAINST ESKAPE GROUP OF NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS FROM GANGA RIVER WATER DURING COMMUNITY BATH AT VARIOUS RITUALS: SINCE 2013–2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Raghvendra Raman Mishra ◽  
Gopal Nath
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Bacteriophage Therapy ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacterial Lawn ◽  
Phage Sensitivity ◽  
Ganga Water

Introduction: Several species of bacterial contaminants are at the high level in river Ganga water but question arises that, why Ganga water is not spoiled even left for long time and answer is a presence of biological components including bacteriophage and bioactive component such as nanoparticles. Objective: In the present study our aim was to detect bacteriophages of resistant microbes such as ESKAPE group of nosocomial and S. Typhi. from different Ganga water samples collected on different rituals. Material & Methods: This study started since 2013 and completed in 2020. As per study design water sample from different places (Prayagraj, Mirzapur and Varanasi) and sites were collected. A total 210 strains (30 each) of Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), Acinetobacter baumanii (A. baumannii), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Escherichia coli (E. coli) ( Called as ESKAPE group) and additionally S. Typhi were identified from the in 500 clinical samples. These identified strains were processed for their biochemical test microscopy and antibiotic sensitivity for its conformation. Confirmed ESKAPE and S. Typhi strains were used for lawn culture. The bacteriophages were isolated from the collected Ganga water samples by using the double layer agar assay method. Results and Discussion: Bacteriophages were observed in the form of plaques on the bacterial lawn culture. Among 210 strains (30 each) of E. faecium, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and S. Typhi  total 52 phages were detected in the form of plaques on the bacterial lawn culture. Maximum no of phage sensitivity were identified with E. coli (13) then in S. aureus (11). Eight phages of ware specific to S. Typhi and seven were specific to P. aeruginosa and how ever in six phages are specific to K. pneumoniae and E. faecium. Minimum no of phage sensitivity were identified with A. baumanii (1). Conclusion:  Our study concludes that Ganga water is a huge source of above detected bacteriophages among all possible natural sources with full of diversity. This is development of a phage bank, which will be useful for bacteriophage therapy in near future.

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