A Review on Mucormycosis (Black Fungus) and its Recent Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 393-394
Author(s):  
Devkar Aniket ◽  
Aishwarya Patil ◽  
Kajal Dhole ◽  
Kute Pratik ◽  
Yogesh Dhandore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Overload ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Protein Calorie Malnutrition ◽  
Lower Airways

Mucormycosis is an infrequent fungal phycomycosis disease caused by species of molds called Mucormycetes and it proliferates over India. The infection is analogous to the upper or lower airways and clinical amelioration. Besides, use abundant surgical and medical remedies. The characteristics which are responsible for mucormycosis are neutropenia, diabetic ketoacidosis, protein-calorie malnutrition, iron overload. The various types of mucormycosis should mention in the article. Also, signs and symptoms, prevention, and diagnosis are granted in an object.

scholarly journals Reconhecendo os principais sinais e sintomas da cetoacidose diabética: uma revisão integrativa

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e75101220149
Author(s):  
Karine Souza Rodrigues ◽  
André Carvalho de Sousa ◽  
Andressa Nogueira Cardoso ◽  
Manoelise Linhares Ferreira Gomes ◽  
Vitória Ferreira do Amaral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Medical Database ◽  
On Line

Objetivo: identificar os principais sinais e sintomas da cetoacidose diabética evidenciados na literatura científica. Metodologia: trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura, desenvolvida no período de maio a junho de 2021. A busca foi realizada por meio do portal de periódicos Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoas de Nível Superior, nas seguintes bases de dados: Excerpta Medical dataBASE, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Sistem on-line e Literatura Latino-americana e Caribenha em Ciências da Saúde. A estratégia de busca consistiu no cruzamento dos descritores “Diabetic Ketoacidosis”, “Signs and Symptoms Diagnosis”, mediados pelo operador booleano “AND”. Foram incluídos artigos publicados de 2017 a 2021 nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Foram excluídos os estudos da literatura cinza e artigos duplicados. Resultados: averiguaram-se 423 estudos, e destes, apenas sete atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. Identificaram-se polidipsia, poliúria e perda de peso, como os sintomas mais frequentes, entre pacientes com diagnóstico de cetoacidose diabética. Quanto ao reconhecimento, observou-se baixo nível de identificação dos sinais e sintomas da cetoacidose diabética pelos pais de crianças com diabetes mellitus e profissionais da saúde. Bem como, se verificou a influência da idade e do nível socioeconômico frente à prevalência dessa emergência endócrina. Conclusão: percebeu-se reconhecimento reduzido sobre sinais e sintomas da cetoacidose diabética, além da baixa especificidade da sintomatologia dessa complicação, o que dificulta o diagnóstico, controle e monitoramento.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Children with Diabetic Ketoacidosis Treated in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: Two-Center Cross-Sectional Study in Croatia

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcul ◽  
Arambasic ◽  
Polic ◽  
Kovacevic ◽  
Bartulovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Cerebral Edema ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and objective: There is an increasing risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) among children in Croatia. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children with T1D, with cerebral edema as the most severe complication. Since early recognition of cerebral edema leads to a better outcome, it is important that patients with moderate or severe DKA are closely monitored and treated in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). The aim of this study is to investigate clinical and laboratory parameters, as well as complications in children treated in PICUs because of DKA. Materials and methods: Patients treated due to DKA in the PICU of the University Hospitals of Split and Osijek from 2013 to 2017 were included in this study. Retrospectively collected data included age, gender, clinical signs and symptoms, and various laboratory parameters. After dividing subjects into two groups: Newly diagnosed with T1D (NT1D) and previously diagnosed with T1D (PT1D), collected data were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 82 patients were enrolled. Those with NT1D were more often treated in the PICU, with two of them developing cerebral edema. Dehydration was the most frequent clinical sign, found in 95% of patients at admission. Decreased consciousness level was found in 41.5% of patients, with majority of them being somnolent. No difference was found between NT1D and PT1D. Additionally, there was no significant difference regarding laboratory data at admission. Conclusions: More children with NT1D required treatment in the PICU due to DKA with two of them developing cerebral edema. Since cerebral edema is a life-threatening condition, treatment of patients with moderate or severe DKA in PICUs will provide necessary monitoring enabling early recognition, treatment, and better treatment outcome. To minimize the incidence of DKA among patients with NT1D, it is important to continuously carry out public health education programs aimed at early identification of signs and symptoms of T1D.

scholarly journals Diabetic ketoacidosis at presentation of type 1 diabetes in children in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A C Sellers ◽  
Danièle Pacaud
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Initial Diagnosis ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Time Period

Abstract Type 1 diabetes is a common chronic illness in childhood. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children with type 1 diabetes. Early recognition of symptoms of diabetes and immediate initiation of treatment are important factors in preventing DKA at first presentation. We describe the numbers of children presenting with DKA at initial diagnosis across eight Canadian paediatric centres during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 15, 2020 to July 31, 2020) and compare this to the same time period in 2019. Comparing the pre-COVID to the COVID-19 time period, presentation in DKA increased from 36.4% to 55.0% (P<0.0001) and presentation in severe DKA from 37.0% to 48.3% (P=0.044). These findings are concerning and emphasize the importance of awareness of the signs and symptoms of diabetes. In addition, these findings raise concern about access to appropriate and timely care during the COVID-19 pandemic.

A fatal outcome of complicated severe diabetic ketoacidosis in a 11-year-old girl

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Srećko Severinski ◽  
Ivona Butorac Ahel ◽  
Aleksandar Ovuka ◽  
Arijan Verbić
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Cerebral Edema ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Hypovolemic Shock ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Type I ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type I ◽  
Evaluation And Monitoring

AbstractDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a complex metabolic state characterized by hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis and ketonuria. Cerebral edema is the most common rare complication of DKA in children. The objective of the study was to emphasize the importance of careful evaluation and monitoring for signs and symptoms of cerebral edema in all children undergoing treatment for DKA. We present a case of 11-year-old girl with a history of diabetes mellitus type I (T1DM) who presented with severe DKA complicated by hypovolemic shock, cerebral edema and hematemesis. Considering the fact that complications of DKA are rare and require a high index of clinical suspicion, early recognition and treatment are crucial for avoiding permanent damage.

scholarly journals An Effective Diabetic Ketoacidosis Prevention Intervention in Children With Type 1 Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 237796081880474
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Vitale ◽  
Casey E. Card ◽  
Judith H. Lichtman ◽  
Kate Weyman ◽  
Camille Michaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Flow Sheet ◽  
Outpatient Intervention

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief, office-based educational intervention to increase parent or patient recognition of the early warning signs and symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Forty-two patients aged > 13 years and 34 parents of children aged ≤ 13 years were given a pretest questionnaire about their knowledge of signs and symptoms of DKA and sick day management practices. They received a brief refresher course on sick day management specific to their treatment modality (pump vs. injection) and were given a take-home flow sheet of guidelines for diabetes sick day management. Subjects were retested with the same knowledge questionnaire after 6 to 12 months. Patients or parents scored higher on the posttest than the pretest and called the emergency line for assistance more frequently ( p = .032) following the intervention. Emergency department visits were significantly reduced in adolescents ( p = .024). A short educational intervention and printed management tool is effective in improving sick day and DKA knowledge and appears to be effective in reducing emergency department visits by increasing utilization of a diabetes emergency line for early outpatient intervention.

scholarly journals Differential diagnosis of atypical encephalopathy in critical care: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung Li ◽  
Ming-Yieh Peng ◽  
Chia-Hui Chang ◽  
Yuan-Yu Hsu ◽  
Min-Shiau Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Deep Coma ◽  
Septic Encephalopathy ◽  
Streptococcus Intermedius ◽  
Steroid Dependent ◽  
Level Of Consciousness

Abstract Background A lower level of consciousness is a common presentation in critical care, with many different causes and contributory factors, of which more than one may be present concurrently. Case presentation We described a woman with poorly controlled diabetes and steroid-dependent asthma who presented in a deep coma. She was found to have Streptococcus intermedius bacteremia and pyogenic ventriculitis that originated from right middle lobe pneumonia. Also, multiple small parenchymal lesions were observed on brain magnetic resonance imaging and increased protein concentration was noted in cerebral spinal fluid. Initially, her coma was thought to be due to diabetic ketoacidosis and septic encephalopathy. However, her lowered level of consciousness was disproportionate to either diabetic ketoacidosis or septic encephalopathy, and her clinical course was not as expected for these two conditions. Treatment with antibiotic, corticosteroid and antihelminthic drugs was administered resulting in improving consciousness. The Streptococcus intermedius pneumonia progressed to form a large cavity that needed an early surgical lobectomy and resulted in the unexpected diagnosis of chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosus. Conclusions In critical care, a lowered level of consciousness may have many etiologies, and critical care clinicians should be familiar with the signs and symptoms of all possible causes to enable prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Diabetic ketoacidosis in paediatrics: tools to assist in recognition of a sick child

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 275-279
Author(s):  
Grace Marrion
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Childhood Diabetes

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a complication of diabetes, is a medical emergency in children and is one of the main causes of childhood mortality. It is the first presentation of diabetes in 30–40% children with the condition, and is more common in younger children. However, it is commonly misdiagnosed as the signs and symptoms in children vary. Treatment should be given as soon as possible, and this is usually only possible in a hospital setting. Therefore, early recognition and transportation to hospital by paramedics ensures the best possible outcome. Children are far more likely to have type 1 than type 2 diabetes, and several factors are associated with childhood diabetes, including genetics, medication, viral infections and environmental issues. Several tools and guidelines can be used to assess children prehospitally. These should be used in conjunction with the clinician's knowledge and standard observations. Paramedics should take an appropriate history, as this could prove invaluable for hospital specialists.

Hereditary Hemochromatosis

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (11) ◽  
pp. 1053-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Press
Keyword(s):  
Iron Overload ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Hereditary Hemochromatosis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Systematic Screening ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective.—To review the current state-of-the-art regarding the role of iron- and DNA-based testing on the detection, treatment, and prevention of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), the most common single-gene disorder in white people. Sources.—Review of the medical literature, with particular emphasis on recent reports of the impact of DNA-based testing on the detection of symptomatic and presymptomatic patients with HH. Conclusions.—Hereditary hemochromatosis, a common autosomal recessive iron overload disorder (with a population prevalence of 0.3%–0.8%), is a common cause of preventable liver, heart, joint, and endocrine disease. Since the associated clinical signs and symptoms are nonspecific, an accurate HH diagnosis demands both a high index of suspicion and the direct laboratory demonstration of elevated iron parameters. The substantial public health burden of HH as a common, deadly, detectable, and treatable chronic disease has led the College of American Pathologists to recommend that “systematic screening for hemochromatosis is warranted for all persons over the age of 20 years.” The recent discovery that most HH cases are the result of a single well-conserved homozygous missense mutation (C282Y) within a novel transferrin-receptor binding protein (HFE) has given rise to diagnostic clinical tests for the DNA-based detection of this pathologic mutation. This direct HFE mutation test can now be used not only to confirm the diagnosis of HH in those with symptomatic disease, but also, perhaps more importantly, to detect those with presymptomatic iron overload in whom future disease manifestations may be prevented (with phlebotomy therapy).

scholarly journals To Assess the Knowledge Regarding Signs and Symptoms of Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Its Prevention among Diabetes Patients in Wardha District, Maharashtra, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 1413-1416
Author(s):  
Pratiksha Suresh Thakare ◽  
Ruchira Ankar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Acute Diabetes ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Diabetes Patients

BACKGROUND Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening condition of diabetes that is characterized by hyperglycaemia, ketoacidosis, and ketonuria. It happens when glucose's ability to enter cells for use as metabolic fuel is blocked by absolute or relative insulin deficiency. This causes liver to divide fat into ketones as a source of fuel. The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge regarding prevention of signs and symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis among diabetes patients in selected hospitals of Wardha district. METHODS A descriptive study was undertaken among 60 purposively selected patients of diabetes with diabetic ketoacidosis in Wardha district. Data was collected by using structured knowledge questionnaire during the month of May 2020. RESULTS The level of awareness among diabetes patients on how to avoid diabetic ketoacidosis was measured. The findings of study show that 49 (80 %) people had poor level of knowledge score and 11 (20 %) people had average level of knowledge score. Mean score was 4.38 ± 2.48 with mean percentage 24.35 ± 13.80. The association of knowledge score with educational status of diabetes patients from selected hospital. The tabulated ‘F’ values were 2.76 (df = 3, 56) which is much less than the calculated ‘F’ i.e., 8.73 at 5 % level of significance. Also, the calculated ‘P’=0.0001 which was much less than the acceptable level of significance i.e., ‘P’=0.05. Hence, it is interpreted that educational status of diabetes patients is statistically associated with their knowledge score. CONCLUSIONS Most patients with diabetes are poorly aware of the preventive measures of diabetic ketoacidosis. This study revealed several preventive gaps relating to an appropriate prevention strategy and acute diabetes complications. This research concluded that most patients with diabetes had insufficient knowledge of the signs and symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis and its management. KEY WORDS Knowledge, Prevention, Sign, Symptoms, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Diabetes Patients

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