Legal and Ethical Concerns in Critical Care Nursing to Covid-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 367-369
Author(s):  
Sneha R. Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Critically Ill Patient ◽  
Critical Care Nursing ◽  
Normal Process ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Worldwide Population ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness ◽  
Care Nursing

The devasting pandemic covid 19 that has stricken the worldwide population induced an unprecedented influx of sever ARDS patient dramatically exceeding ICU bed capacities in several areas of many countries. the devasting pandemic covid 19 that has stricken the worldwide population induced an unprecedented influx of sever ARDS patient dramatically exceeding ICU bed capacities in several areas of many countries. A public health emergency, such as a surge of person seeking health care as Wall as critically ill patient with covid 19 or another severe respiratory illness, disrupts normal process for supporting ethically sound patient care.

scholarly journals 2019-nCoV: A Possible Progenitor for SARS-CoV with Bat Origin?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongchang Xu ◽  
Leyi Wang ◽  
Xu Jia ◽  
Youjun Feng
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Evolutionary Origin ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) that is initially found to trigger human severe respiratory illness in Wuhan City of China, 2019, has been recognized as a public health emergency of international concern. In the past two months, this deadly agent has caused 77,785 cases with 2,666 deaths via rapid person-to-person transmission and reached at least 25 countries. However, its evolutionary origin is poorly understood. Here we show integrative evidence that 2019-nCoV is a possible progenitor for SARS-CoV with bat origin. Our finding underscores the importance of tracing origin in the efficient monitoring, and effectively preventing the interspecies transmission of such emerging/re-emerging coronaviruses.

scholarly journals Public Health Dentist: An Untapped Potential during COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 296-299
Author(s):  
Gargi C. Nimbulkar ◽  
Kumar G. Chhabra ◽  
Shravani Deolia ◽  
B Unnikrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Capacity Development ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Skilled Workforce ◽  
Disproportionate Burden

To date, the 21st century has encountered various outbreaks, causing global disruption and highlighting our vulnerability to epidemics. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly infectious respiratory illness. Approximately 15% of the affected individuals show severe symptoms requiring oxygen, and of these, 5% require ventilation. This pandemic has affected more than 216 countries or territories (by 20th September 2020), infecting more than 30.6 million people; hitherto, 950000 deaths have been reported. This public health emergency has created a disproportionate burden on the health care system worldwide. Therefore, the management and resolution of this critical situations require the mobilisation of excessive human resources for rapid response, and time is essential in the management of this crisis. Together, these factors contribute to the rapid capacity development with the minimal investment of time and resources, which requires the deployment of an existing skilled workforce, such as public health dentists. These dentists have administrative capabilities and can work in coherence with the community and other health professionals. The present review aims to highlight the areas in which the untapped potential of Public Health Dentists can be explored to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ARTICLE ON: CORONA VIRUS A RAISING GAINT

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suraj G Malpani ◽  
Shraddha T Nemane ◽  
Vishweshwar M Dharashive ◽  
Nilesh N Shinde ◽  
Sushil S Kore
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

The 2019-nCoV has been identified as the reason of an outbreak of respiratory illness in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China beginning in December 2019. This outbreak had spread to 19 countries with 11,791 confirmed cases, including 213 deaths, as of January 31, 2020. The WHO declared it as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. This study analyzed and discussed 70 research articles published until January 31, 2020 for a better understanding of the virology, pathogenesis, mode of transmission, classification, genome structure of this virus. Studies thus far have shown origination in link to a seafood market in Wuhan, but specific animal association has not been confirmed. The reported symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, pneumonia, headache, diarrhea, hemoptysis, and dyspnea. Preventive measures like masks, hand hygiene practices, avoidance of public contact, case detection, contact tracing, and quarantines are being suggested for reducing the transmission. To date, no specific antiviral treatment is proven effective; hence, infected people primarily rely on symptomatic treatment and supportive care. Although these studies had relevance to control a public emergency, more research need to be conducted to provide valid and reliable ways to manage this kind of public health emergency in both short- and long- term. Coronaviruses (CoV) belong to the genus Coronavirus with its high mutation rate in the Corona viridae. The objective of this review article was to have a primary   opinion about the disease mode of transmission, virology in this early stage of COVID-19 outbreak. Keywords: 2019-nCoV, virology, pathogenesis, genome structure

scholarly journals A Literature Review of 2019 Novel Coronavirus During the Early Outbreak Period: Epidemiology, Causes, Clinical Manifestation and Diagnosis, Prevention and Control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasmita Poudel Adhikari ◽  
Sha Meng ◽  
Yuju Wu ◽  
Yuping Mao ◽  
Ruixue Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Infected People ◽  
And Control

The 2019-nCoV has been identified as the cause of an outbreak of respiratory illness in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China beginning in December 2019. This epidemic had spread to 19 countries with 11,791 confirmed cases, including 213 deaths, as of January 31, 2020. The World Health Organization declared it as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. This study analyzed and discussed 70 research articles published until January 31, 2020 for a better understanding of the epidemiology, causes, clinical diagnosis, prevention and control of this virus. Studies thus far have shown origination in connection to a seafood market in Wuhan, but specific animal association has not been confirmed. The reported symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, pneumonia, headache, diarrhea, hemoptysis, and dyspnea. Preventive measures such as masks, hand hygiene practices, avoidance of public contact, case detection, contact tracing, and quarantines are effective for reducing the transmission. To date, no specific antiviral treatment is proven effective, hence, infected people primarily rely on symptomatic treatment and supportive care. Although these studies had relevance to control a public emergency, more research need to be conducted to provide valid and reliable ways to manage this kind of public health emergency in both short- and long- term.

scholarly journals Adapting the Surveillance Platform for Enteric and Respiratory Infectious Organisms at United States Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (SUPERNOVA) for COVID-19 Among Hospitalized Adults: Surveillance Protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elissa Meites ◽  
Kristina L. Bajema ◽  
Anita Kambhampati ◽  
Mila Prill ◽  
Vincent C. Marconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Veterans Affairs Medical Centers

Introduction: Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) rapidly initiated COVID-19 surveillance by leveraging existing hospital networks to assess disease burden among hospitalized inpatients and inform prevention efforts.Materials and Methods: The Surveillance Platform for Enteric and Respiratory Infectious Organisms at Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (SUPERNOVA) is a network of five United States Veterans Affairs Medical Centers which serves nearly 400,000 Veterans annually and conducts laboratory-based passive and active monitoring for pathogens associated with acute gastroenteritis and acute respiratory illness among hospitalized Veterans. This paper presents surveillance methods for adapting the SUPERNOVA surveillance platform to prospectively evaluate COVID-19 epidemiology during a public health emergency, including detecting, characterizing, and monitoring patients with and without COVID-19 beginning in March 2020. To allow for case-control analyses, patients with COVID-19 and patients with non-COVID-19 acute respiratory illness were included.Results: SUPERNOVA included 1,235 participants with COVID-19 and 707 participants with other acute respiratory illnesses hospitalized during February through December 2020. Most participants were male (93.1%), with a median age of 70 years, and 45.8% non-Hispanic Black and 32.6% non-Hispanic White. Among those with COVID-19, 28.2% were transferred to an intensive care unit, 9.4% received invasive mechanical ventilation, and 13.9% died. Compared with controls, after adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity, COVID-19 case-patients had significantly higher risk of mortality, respiratory failure, and invasive mechanical ventilation, and longer hospital stays.Discussion: Strengths of the SUPERNOVA platform for COVID-19 surveillance include the ability to collect and integrate multiple types of data, including clinical and illness outcome information, and SARS-CoV-2 laboratory test results from respiratory and serum specimens. Analysis of data from this platform also enables formal comparisons of participants with and without COVID-19. Surveillance data collected during a public health emergency from this key U.S. population of Veterans will be useful for epidemiologic investigations of COVID-19 spectrum of disease, underlying medical conditions, virus variants, and vaccine effectiveness, according to public health priorities and needs.

scholarly journals Nurses Responsibilities on Providing Enteral Nutrition to the Critically Ill Patient—An European Federation of Critical Care Nursing Associations Position Paper

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
Andreas Schaefer ◽  
Julie Benbenishty ◽  
Aleksandra Gutysz-Wojnicka ◽  
Jelena Slijepcevic ◽  
Silvia Scelsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
Critically Ill Patient ◽  
European Federation ◽  
Critical Care Nursing ◽  
Nursing Associations ◽  
Care Nursing

In ICU, one of the nurse's roles is to ensure proper nutrition support to facilitate their recovery. However, few nutrition protocols for nurses are found. The European federation of Critical Care Nursing associations (EfCCNa) position statement provides ICU nurses with evidenced guidelines regarding caring for critically ill patients with enteral nutrition support.

Rights of the Critically Ill Patient: Position Statement of the World Federation of Critical Care Nurses

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Susan Yeager ◽  
Elizabeth Papathanassoglou ◽  
Laura Brooks ◽  
Lori Delaney ◽  
Sarah Livesay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Critical Care Nurses ◽  
Critically Ill Patient ◽  
World Federation ◽  
Critical Care Nursing ◽  
The World ◽  
Care Nursing

Critical care nursing involves the specialised nursing care of critically ill patients who are vulnerable and may be unable to voice their needs or have their human rights recognized or addressed. The World Federation of Critical Care Nurses (WFCCN) accepts and supports the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the need for critically ill patients to be cared for with humanity, and to advocate for the rights of their families and communities. In the above context, WFCCN determined the need to create a document that was focused more specifically on the rights of critically ill patients. To this end, in August 2007, the WFCCN released its first Position Statement on the Rights of the Critically Ill Patient - The Declaration of Manila (WFCCN, 2007). The fundamental aim of this Declaration was to inform and assist critical care nursing associations, health services, educational facilities, and other interested parties to realize the rights of critically ill patients. Due to changes in critical care worldwide, as well as increased global migration, the WFCCN Board of Directors commissioned a review of the 2007 Declaration. As a result of this review, revisions were undertaken. This document represents the 2019 revised WFCCN Position Statement on the Rights of the Critically Ill Patient.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 targets cortical neurons of 3D human brain organoids and shows neurodegeneration-like effects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Ramani ◽  
Lisa Müller ◽  
Philipp Niklas Ostermann ◽  
Elke Gabriel ◽  
Pranty Abida-Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Neuronal Death ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is a public health emergency. COVID-19 typically exhibits respiratory illness. Unexpectedly, emerging clinical reports indicate that neurological symptoms continue to rise, suggesting detrimental effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we show that a Düsseldorf isolate of SARS-CoV-2 enters 3D human brain organoids within two days of exposure. Using COVID-19 convalescent serum, we identified that SARS-CoV-2 preferably targets soma of cortical neurons but not neural stem cells, the target cell type of ZIKA virus. Imaging cortical neurons of organoids reveal that SARS-CoV-2 exposure is associated with missorted Tau from axons to soma, hyperphosphorylation, and apparent neuronal death. Surprisingly, SARS-CoV-2 co-localizes specifically with Tau phosphorylated at Threonine-231 in the soma, indicative of early neurodegeneration-like effects. Our studies, therefore, provide initial insights into the impact of SARS-CoV-2 as a neurotropic virus and emphasize that brain organoids could model CNS pathologies of COVID-19.One sentence summaryCOVID-19 modeling in human brain organoids

Attitudes Toward The Use Of Quarantine In A Public Health Emergency--Survey

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Blendon ◽  
Catherine M. DesRoches ◽  
Martin S. Cetron ◽  
John M. Benson ◽  
Theodore Meinhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Emergency
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