scholarly journals Pearson's Correlation Between Physico-chemical Aspects of Wheat Flour and Quality Attributes of Cookies

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ayesha Riaz ◽  
Imran Pasha ◽  
Mian Kamran Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Correlation Studies ◽  
Damaged Starch ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spread Factor

In this study, we investigated various physico-chemical properties of wheat and evaluated their correlation with cookie attributes. Results showed that damaged starch in wheat varieties ranged from 6.28 to 10.97%. SDS-sed. and AWRC values were recorded as 18.20-30.50 mL and 43.91-66.85%, respectively. WSRC, SOCSRC, SUCSRC and LASRC values varied over a wide range as 50.83-69.64%, 56.66-82.03%, 75.79-106.97% and 79.43-121.20%, respectively. Physical analyses of cookies made with wheat varieties indicated 25.20-26.60 cm width, 5.80-6.40 cm thickness and 39.38-45.86 spread factor and 2.17-3.91 kg hardness. Important correlations were reported between water absorption and SDS sedimentation (r= 0.912*). Likewise, a positive relationship was found between damaged starch and SUCSRC (r=  0.985**).Spread factor was found to be negatively correlated to ash (r= -0.977**), protein(r= -0.892*), SOCSRC (r= -0.952*), WSRC (r= -0.892*) and hardness (r= -0.990**).Correlation studies indicated that physico-chemical characteristics of flour are imperative in the evaluation of cookie making quality.

scholarly journals A review on conductometric studies of electrolytes in mixed solvent systems to understand ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5355-5360
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Solvent ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Molar Conductance ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solvent Systems

The study of ion- solvent interaction is of much importance to investigate the nature of different solutions. Measurement of electrical conductivity and evaluation of physico-chemical properties, such as molar conductance, limiting molar conductance, ion-pair association, Walden product etc. shade light on different intermolecular interactions present in electrolyte solutions. Solvation properties can be varied by mixing two or more solvents. An extensive literature survey on conductometric studies has been carried out on different electrolytes dissolved in a wide range of mixed solvent systems. The reported results show that strong solute-solute, solute-solvent and solvent-solvent interactions are responsible for the physico- chemical behavior of a solution in mixed solvents.

scholarly journals Controllable synthesis of pomelo peel-based aerogel and its application in adsorption of oil/organic pollutants

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 181823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangyu Shi ◽  
Yizhu Qian ◽  
Fengzhi Tan ◽  
Weijie Cai ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water

Oil/water separation is a field of high significance as it might efficiently resolve the contamination of industrial oily wastewater and other oil/water pollution. In this paper, an environmentally-friendly hydrophobic aerogel with high porosity and low density was successfully synthesized with renewable pomelo peels (PPs) as precursors. Typically, a series of sponge aerogels (HPSA-0, HPSA-1 and HPSA-2) were facilely prepared via high-speed dispersion, freeze-drying and silanization with methyltrimethoxysilane. Indeed, the physical properties of aerogel such as density and pore diameter could be tailored by different additives (filter paper fibre and polyvinyl alcohol). Hence, their physico-chemical properties including internal morphology and chemical structure were characterized in detail by Fourier transform infrared, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Thermal gravimetric analyzer (TG) etc. Moreover, the adsorption capacity was further determined and the results revealed that the PP-based aerogels presented excellent adsorption performance for a wide range of oil products and/or organic solvents (crude oil 49.8 g g −1 , soya bean oil 62.3 g g −1 , chloroform 71.3 g g −1 etc.). The corresponding cyclic tests showed the absorption capacity decreased slightly from 94.66% to 93.82% after 10 consecutive cycles, indicating a high recyclability.

Acute Inhalation Toxicity of Some Halogenated and Non-halogenated Hydrocarbons

1982 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Clark ◽  
D.J. Tinston
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Halogenated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Inhalation Toxicity ◽  
Saturated Vapour Pressure ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Thermodynamic Scale ◽  
Rat Cns

1 The relative potency of effect of a wide range of halogenated and unsubstituted hydrocarbons on the central nervous system (CNS) and the heart of experimental animals have been determined. 2 The chemicals used caused either stimulation or depression of the rat CNS after 10 minutes' inhalation of concentrations ranging from 0.24% to > 80% (v/v), and cardiac sensitization in dogs after 5 minutes' inhalation of 0.12% to approximately 80% (v/v). 3 The toxicity could not be correlated with chemical structure, molecular weight, the presence or absence of various halogen atoms or the degree of saturation, but it was inversely related to the saturated vapour pressure. When the results were expressed on a thermodynamic scale the chemicals had similar potencies at relative saturations of 0.004 to 0.04 4 It is suggested that the effects of these chemicals on the CNS and the heart are probably structurally non-specific, and the chemicals may be regarded as physical toxicants whose effects are predictable from their physico-chemical properties.

scholarly journals Lactoperoxidase: physico-chemical properties, occurrence, mechanism of action and applications

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (S1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaas D. Kussendrager ◽  
A. C. M. van Hooijdonk
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Lactoperoxidase System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Occurrence Mechanism ◽  
Micro Organisms

Lactoperoxidase (LP) is one of the most prominent enzymes in bovine milk and catalyses the inactivation of a wide range of micro-organisms in the lactoperoxidase system (LP-s). LP-systems are also identified as natural antimicrobial systems in human secretions such as saliva, tear-fluid and milk and are found to be harmless to mammalian cells. The detailed molecular structure of LP is identified and the major products generated by the LP-s and their antimicrobial action have been elucidated for the greater part. In this paper several aspects of bovine LP and LP-s are discussed, including physico-chemical properties, occurrence in milk and colostrum and mechanisms of action. Since the introduction of industrial processes for the isolation of LP from milk and whey the interest in this enzyme has increased considerably and attention will be paid to potential and actual applications of LP-systems as biopreservatives in food and other products.

A comparative study on the physico–chemical properties of sol–gel electrospun cobalt oxide nanofibres from two different polymeric binders

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (99) ◽  
pp. 81429-81437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gibin George ◽  
S. Anandhan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Cobalt Oxide ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Polymeric Binder ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Polymeric Binders

Physico–chemical characteristics of cobalt oxide nanofibres were tailored by varying the sacrificial polymeric binder in sol–gel electrospinning.

scholarly journals Effect of Potassium Carbonate (K2CO3) on the Viscosity and Related Physico – Chemical Properties of Genger (Bombax costatum) Powder during Storage

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Gernah ◽  
P Gbakaan
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Potassium Carbonate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Water Absorption Capacity ◽  
Fresh Sample ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Gelation Concentration

Effect of storage and concentration of potassium carbonate (K2CO3) on the viscosity and related physico – chemical properties of genger (Bombax costatum) powder was determined. Genger powder was stored for a period of four (4) months (May-August) at 30oc ± 5oc under varying concentrations of K2CO3: 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% in two containers (plastic, giving samples A – D and metal tins, giving samples A1 – D1). Thereafter, the moisture and crude fat contents, water absorption capacity, least gelation concentration, effect of K2CO3 concentration on gel strength and viscosity of the stored powders were determined, using standard methods of analysis, with fresh powder (analyzed before storage) as control. Moisture content decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 8.37% to 3.04% and 2.00% in samples D and D1 respectively, while crude fat content increased significantly (p < 0.05) from 2.50% to 7.50% and 10.05% in the same samples. Water absorption capacity also increased significantly (p < 0.05) from 6.4g/g to 6.40g/g in the fresh sample to 7.30g/g and 8.30g/g in samples D and D1 respectively. Gelation capacity increased considerably, with 15% K2CO3 giving very strong gels at 1.50% concentration. The overall viscosity increased significantly (p < 0.05) with increase in concentration of (K2CO3) from 64.00FN to 110.00FN after storage. Generally, samples stored in metal tin gave better results than those in the plastic container.

scholarly journals DIVERSITY AND SIMILARITY AMONG CYANOBACTERIA ASSEMBLAGES FROM SELECTED AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS IN SARAWAK USING β –INDICES

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Mohd Nasarudin Harith ◽  
Ruhana Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Artificial Lake ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aquaculture Ponds

A study was carried out to evaluate the diversity and similarity of cyanobacterial populations in selected Sarawak aquatic ecosystem using β-indices. Eight stations including aquaculture ponds, cage cultures, waterfall and artificial lake located in Serian, Bau and Batang Ai areas were selected. A total of 43 species belonging to 30 genera of cyanobacteria were recorded. The most distributed pattern among all sampling stations belongs to the genera Chroococcus, Lyngbya, Nostoc and Oscillatoria. The highest β diversity values were found among non-contiguous stations. Besides, no identical or totally different cyanobacteria diversity values were obtained among those non-contiguous stations. The highest β diversity value (0.84) was found among stations with contrasting environmental characteristics. The wide range of β-diversity and similarity suggested that different locations and types of aquatic ecosystems may have variations in physico-chemical properties of the water and eventually lead to the different composition of cyanobacteria.

scholarly journals Exploring New Synthetic Strategies for the Production of Advanced Complex Inorganic Nanocrystals

2015 ◽  
Vol 229 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neus G. Bastús ◽  
Edgar Gonzalez ◽  
Joan Esteve ◽  
Jordi Piella ◽  
Javier Patarroyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Colloidal Synthesis ◽  
Hollow Structures ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
New Generation

AbstractThe design of new protocols for the colloidal synthesis of complex nanocrystals (NCs) with advanced functionalities, comprising both hybrid and hollow structures, and the study of their fundamental properties is of paramount importance for the development of a new generation of nanostructured materials. The possibility of tailoring the dimensional regime of NCs, along with its composition and structure, represents a landmark achievement in the control of their unique physico-chemical properties. These properties, alongside with the ability to cheaply produce high quality NCs in fairly large amounts by wet-chemistry techniques, leads to their potential applicability from materials science to nanomedicine. Within this context, this review is focused on describing a successful framework for designing synthetic strategies for the production of advanced complex NCs, integrating the development of new synthetic methods with its structural characterization, monitoring of their properties, and study of its reactivity. As a result, it is expected to provide new routes to produce robust and easy-to-process NCs in a wide range of sizes, shapes and configurations that can be explored to achieve the combination of all degrees of control, aiming to produce a complete and diverse library of material combinations that will expand its applicability in a wide diversity of fields.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical properties of extruded aquafeed pellets containing black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae and adult cricket (Acheta domesticus) meals

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.G. Irungu ◽  
C.M. Mutungi ◽  
A.K. Faraj ◽  
H. Affognon ◽  
N. Kibet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Physico Chemical

Fish farming is faced with the challenge of high cost of feeds because of the cost of high quality protein needed for formulation of the feeds. Thus, there is urgent need for alternative protein sources. The effects of substituting freshwater shrimp meal (FWSM) with black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFM) or adult cricket meal (ACM) on physico-chemical properties of hot-extruded fish feed pellets were investigated. The FWSM protein in a 26 g/100 g protein fish feed formulation was substituted at 0, 25, 50 and 75%, and moisture content of the formulated blends adjusted to 10, 20 or 30 g/100 g prior to extrusion. Floatability, expansion rate, bulk density, durability index, water absorption index, water solubility index, and water stability of extruded pellets were determined. Sinking velocity and the total suspended and dissolved solids in water were determined for the optimal pellets. Pellet floatability was not influenced by the type of insect meal but the interaction between level of inclusion and moisture content of the feed at extrusion. Pellets with high floatability >90% were produced from all feed blends at 30 g/100 g moisture content. Expansion ratio, was not influenced by type of insect meal or the level of inclusion but by the moisture content whereby feed blends extruded at 30 g/100 g moisture gave pellets with high expansion ratio ~60%. Bulk density was influenced by the interaction of the three factors. Pellet durability and water absorption indices were not influenced by the investigated factors or their interactions. Processed pellets were generally highly durable (99%) out of water, but the stability in water was significantly influenced by the interaction of type of insect meal level of inclusion and moisture content at extrusion. Water solubility increased with increasing extrusion moisture. Overall, it was possible to process good quality extruded pellets with 75% BSFM or 75% ACM at 30 g/100 g feed moisture.

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