scholarly journals Breaking the dry ice: A case of accidental carbon dioxide poisoning due to dry ice inhalation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanjali Pulipati ◽  
◽  
Cecilia Cosma ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Accidental Poisoning ◽  
Inhalation Toxicity ◽  
Dry Ice ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hypoxic Respiratory Failure ◽  
Food Center

Background: Solid dry ice undergoes sublimation to gaseous carbondioxide (CO2 ) at room temperature. Symptoms of exposure include headache, dizziness, unconsciousness, seizures, even coma and death based on concentrations of CO2 inhaled. We present a case of accidental poisoning due to dry ice inhalation. Case: 35-year-old Caucasian male with a history of depression and tobacco use was brought into the emergency department after he was found unconscious in the walk-in freezer at the fast-food center he was working at. On contacting his coworkers, we were told that the walk-in freezer was out of order, and they had packed it with dry ice. On examination, the patient was tachypneic, tachycardic and was saturating at 89% on room air. Physical examination was normal. Blood work showed acute hypoxic respiratory failure with metabolic acidosis with lactic acid 13.1 mmol/l. Carboxyhemoglobin level was elevated at 5.3% (normal level and smokers 3 to 5%). The patient significantly improved with supplemental oxygen and fluid boluses and was discharged in the next 24 hours. Conclusion: Exposure to dry ice in confined spaces and warm temperatures can lead to carbon dioxide poisoning. Accurate and detailed history taking helps recognize this potentially fatal medical emergency Keywords: dry ice poisoning; carbon dioxide poisoning; accidental poisoning; inhalation toxicity.

Insect control with CO2 in a small stack of bagged grain in a plastic film enclosure

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (96) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
HJ Banks ◽  
AK Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Pvc Membrane ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Dry Ice ◽  
Anisopteromalus Calandrae ◽  
Stored Product Pest ◽  
Natural Infestation ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels ◽  
Additional Charges

The use of carbon dioxide, added as dry ice, was demonstrated as a means of disinfestation of bagged wheat and rye enclosed in a PVC membrane. The bag stack was dosed with dry ice giving an atmosphere of about 60% CO2. Carbon dioxide levels were maintained over 22 days with additional charges of dry ice added directly on top of the stack or enclosed within a polystyrene box to regulate the CO2 release rate. A natural infestation of Rhyzopertha dominica with small numbers of other stored product pest species was controlled, with complete mortality of adult insects, but slight survival of some early stages of R. dominica. Some of the hymenopterous parasitoids, Anisopteromalus calandrae and Choetospila elegans, survived the treatment, apparently as pupae. The treatment was successful under conditions where many other methods of pest control were inapplicable because of difficulty or expense of application, as in a small bulk (2.8 tonnes), at low temperature (11-13�C), when the commodity is close to working areas and when there is a requirement for freedom from pesticide residues.

Reflections on the HIFI Trial

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-567
Author(s):  
A. CHARLES BRYAN ◽  
ALISON B. FROESE
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
History Of ◽  
Closing Pressure

Mechanical ventilators have only two functions: to provide a flux to eliminate carbon dioxide from those who will not or cannot breathe and to establish an adequate gas-exchanging volume to reduce shunting. The concept of volume recruitment to reduce shunting goes back at least to Mead and Collier in 1959,1 who showed that without periodic inflations there was a progressive fall in compliance during prolonged mechanical ventilation. Much of the subsequent history of mechanical ventilation in acute lung disease has really been the search for better methods of volume recruitment. The lung has to be inflated past the pressure at which atelectatic lung begins to open and be maintained above its closing pressure (that pressure below which alveoli and airways start to close again).

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Mosquito and Sand Fly (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) Sampling Using Dry Ice and Chemically Generated Carbon Dioxide From Three Different Prototype CO2 Generators

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Paul Benante ◽  
James Fox ◽  
Kendra Lawrence ◽  
Thanyalak Fansiri ◽  
Arissara Pongsiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Dry Ice

scholarly journals The premorbid background and the most significant predictors of the development chronic gastroduodenal pathology in children

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Sh. T. Turdieva
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
School Age ◽  
Spicy Food ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
History Of ◽  
Confidence Interval Limit

The study features of premorbid background and the most significant predictors of the development of chronic gastroduodenal pathology in children and adolescents of school age. Materials and methods. The results of screening questioning of schoolchildren with chronic gastroduodenal pathology (CGDP) - n=286, and practically healthy schoolchildren - n=1023, from 6 to 15 years agо. The survey conducted according to the questionnaire developed by us, which includes 24 questions. The relative risk (RR) calculated using traditional statistical formulas with a confidence interval limit 95% CI (confidence interval). Results. In this study, it was found that the main nutritional reason for the development of СGDP in schoolchildren is a malnutrition - 69.2%, RR=2.25 (CI=1.81-2.79), and food for fast food - 65.0%, RR=4.19 (CI=3.45-5.09). The least observed was the abuse of spicy food - 4.9%, RR=1.24 (CI=0.80-1.91). The 42.7% of patients were constantly in a state of heightened psychoemotional stress - RR=1.6 (CI=1.32-1.93). Helicobacter pylori (HP) - infection was diagnosed in 57.7% of patients - RR=4.84 (CI=4.04-5.79), 29.0% of patients underwent acute intestinal infections - RR=2.74 (CI=2.29-3.27), and 62.3% had a history of hereditary burden of chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract - RR=1.65 (CI=1.34-2.02) Conclusion. The most significant predictors and premorbid backgrounds for the development of СGDP in schoolchildren are HP-infection (RR=4.84; CI=4.04-5.79; RRR=3.84), food for fast food (RR=4.19; CI=3.45-5,09; RRR=3.20) with the development of overweight and obesity (RR=3.64; CI=2.97-4.47; RRR=2.64), the presence of chronic foci of infection (RR=2.58; CI=2.05-3.23; RRR=1.58).

scholarly journals Supplemental Oxygen Use in Ischemic Stroke Patients, Does Utilization Correspond to Need for Oxygen Therapy?

Stroke ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 382-382
Author(s):  
Arthur M Pancioli ◽  
Mark J Bullard ◽  
Mary E Grulee ◽  
Edward C Jauch ◽  
David F Perkis
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Explicit Criteria

P236 Background: In 1994, the American Heart Association Stroke Council stated that there is no data to support routine use of supplemental oxygen in stroke patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of supplemental oxygen use in ischemic stroke and whether patients receiving oxygen met criteria for therapy. Methods: An extensive literature search was performed to generate a comprehensive list of explicit criteria for supplemental oxygen use. When the literature disagreed, criteria were included in the list to overestimate rather than underestimate the justification for oxygen use. A retrospective chart review of 169 consecutive, non-intubated, ischemic stroke patients admitted to a university hospital during calendar year 1998 was performed. Two patients were excluded due to missing data yielding a sample of 167 patients. Data included demographic and co-morbidity information as well as a check of each inpatient day for documentation of any of the explicit criteria for supplemental oxygen use. Results: A total of 167 patient charts were reviewed yielding a total of 600 inpatient days abstracted. Of the 167 patients, 102 (61.1%) received oxygen accounting for 322 patient days. Of the 322 inpatient days that patients received oxygen, 147 (45.6%) met at least one criteria for oxygen utilization. Of the 278 inpatient days that patients did not receive oxygen 69 (24.8%) would have met at least one of the criteria for oxygen use. For the entire population, statistically significant factors associated with patients receiving oxygen included: presence of at least one justifying criteria, increasing age, white race, male gender, history of atrial fibrillation, and a history of hypertension. Conclusion: We developed a comprehensive, literature-based list of criteria for supplemental oxygen therapy that was designed to overestimate rather than underestimate the justification of oxygen utilization. Using this explicit list, only 45.6% of days of oxygen therapy were justified in our ischemic stroke population. This study demonstrates that oxygen therapy is commonly given to ischemic stroke victims without clear indication.

scholarly journals A Carbon Dioxide Fatality from Dry Ice

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smith Srisont ◽  
Thamrong Chirachariyavej ◽  
A. V. M. Vichan Peonim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Dry Ice

STUDYING THE SUBLIMATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (37) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Evgeniy N. NEVEROV ◽  
Igor A. KOROTKIY ◽  
Elena V. KOROTKAYA ◽  
Aleksandr N. RASSHCHEPKIN
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Sublimation Rate ◽  
Temperature Relation ◽  
Dry Ice ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Ice Surface ◽  
The Difference

Background: The utilization of dry ice in cooling and storage units requires adjusting the intensity of sublimation due to the requirements of prudently using CO2 to maintain preset thermal conditions. Aim: When designing a carbon dioxide cycle, it is essential to consider the influence of thermal gradients on the adsorption and desorption of carbon dioxide. Methods: tests were conducted to study the production and sublimation of carbon dioxide. The testes were aimed to define the temperature relation of the dry ice sublimation period, the density of pressed СО2, and the humidity of the environment and concentration. Results and Discussion: According to the obtained test data, there was a linear relationship between the sublimation intensity and the ambient air temperature in the specified conditions. The effect of moisture condensation on the sublimation rate appeared weaker than expected, for the amount of moisture on the surface of the specimens was insignificant. The heat exchange was intensified by the fall of hoarfrost and the related surface expansion. However, much moisture froze out without reaching the dry ice surface, and the formed layer of ice formed a heat insulation surface, and the sublimation under that layer was less intensive. The direct influence of sublimation came from the pressure at which a specific specimen was formed; however, 75 kN pressure was optimal. Conclusion: Despite higher weight losses during the storage, the difference in spent energy is more critical than 90 kN. The factor no less important was the carbon dioxide storage temperature. The maximal sublimation time of a 55 g cylinder formed at 75 kN and stored at – 80°С was 135 hours, much higher than at similar parameters but at -60°С. That said, the amount of energy spent on operating a low-temperature chamber was almost identical.

Abstract 15398: Standing Breathless: A Case of Platypnea-Orthodeoxia Syndrome

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam S Vohra ◽  
Pritha Subramanyam ◽  
Harsimran S Singh
Keyword(s):  
Lung Metastases ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Right Heart Catheterization ◽  
Physical Exam ◽  
Heart Catheterization ◽  
Atrial Septal Aneurysm ◽  
Exertional Dyspnea ◽  
History Of

A 67-year old women with a history of metastatic endometrial cancer, prior pulmonary embolism (PE) (on Xarelto) and mitral valve prolapse presented for 2-3 weeks of exertional dyspnea. Patient presented to oncology clinic with oxygen saturation (SpO2) in the mid-70% on room air requiring supplemental oxygen, and eventually high flow nasal cannula (HFNC). She was transferred to our cardiac intensive care unit for further management of her hypoxia. Physical exam was notable for decreasing SpO2 from supine (99%) to sitting (88%) to standing (79%). In this patient with metastatic cancer, differential diagnosis for hypoxia was broad including pneumonia, metastatic pulmonary disease, doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy, and PE. CT chest showed no signs of pulmonary edema, pneumonia, lung metastases, or PE. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed normal left and right ventricular function with moderate aortic regurgitation and mitral regurgitation. However, agitated saline injection showed right to left flow consistent with intraatrial shunt. Transesophageal echocardiogram confirmed large patent foramen ovale (PFO) with atrial septal aneurysm. Given physical examination findings, presence of PFO, and structural abnormalities of intraatrial septum, platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) was considered. Right heart catheterization was completed to evaluate shunt physiology and showed unremarkable pressures (RA 1, RV 22/1, PCWP 3, PA 20/3, and LA 2). Venous oxygen saturations did not show any step-up suggesting left to right shunt. Exercise challenge did not result in any significant change in PA or PCWP pressures. Given persistent concern for POS without other clear diagnosis, patient underwent percutaneous closure of PFO with a 30mm Gore Cardioform septal occluder. Patient had resolution of her exertional hypoxia following procedure and was discharged home the next day. The case discusses 1) the importance of history of and physical exam in narrowing diagnosis, 2) utilization of multimodality imaging to evaluate intraatrial shunts, and 3) use of percutaneous methods for PFO closure.

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