scholarly journals CORRELATIONS BETWEEN FRUIT QUALITY PARAMETERS AND DA-METER INDEX IN SEVERAL APPLE CULTIVARS

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Ana Cornelia BUTCARU
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Apple Cultivars

scholarly journals The impact of location, row direction, plant density and rootstock on the sunburn damage of apple cultivars

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Racskó ◽  
J. Nagy ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
M. Major ◽  
J. Nyéki
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Apple Seedling ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crab Apple

The effect of row direction (N-S, E-W), plant density (conventional and intensive) and rootstock (M9, MM106 and crab apple) on the sensitivity of 41 apple cultivars to sunburn injury was studied at 6 locations (Derecske, Kálmánáaza, Nagykutas, Nagylapos, Siófok, Tornyospálca). During the observations the cultivars had rootstock-specific properties in respect of sunburn-susceptibility. Accordingly, the injury was decreased in the order: M9, MM106 and seedling rootstocks. The differences in sensitivity depend on the canopy of trees, caused finally by the growing vigour of rootstocks. Accordingly, the highest value of sunburn injury was observed on M9 rootstock, because this rootstock has a dwarfing effect upon the scion cultivars. Thus, vegetative area of these trees grow very slowly and the foliage is not enough compact to protect the fruit from solar radiation. The size and density of the foliage increased in the order: M9, MM 106 and crab apple seedling as rootstock. Moreover, relationships were demonstrated between the diameter of upper part of the crown, the leaf area, the number of fruits per tree and the injury of sunburn. Authors categorized the cultivars in respect of values of sunburn incidence: 1. „Not sensitive", II. „Moderately sensitive" and HI. „Strongly sensitive" categories were constituted. Generally, Topaz and Gala cultivars showed low damage (or were free from symptoms), in contrast to this, Golden mutants suffered relatively much. The most sensitive cultivar was Jonica on all the three rootstocks. We searched for relationship between the fruit quality parameters and the frequency of sunburn. Significant correlation was found in the cases of fruit size and the extent of cover-colour. The latter is interpreted with the fact that the best coloured fruits are found on the periphery of crown as a consequence of more intense irradiation.

scholarly journals FRUIT PHYSICO-CHEMICAL QUALITY PARAMETERS OF NEW INTRODUCED APPLE CULTIVARS

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (37) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Madalina Militaru ◽  
◽  
Victor Bucarciuc ◽  
Madalina Butac ◽  
Eugenia Maresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Apple Cultivars

The apple fruit is the second most frequently consumed, after bananas and some quality characteristics like size, gloss, color, and aroma influenced directly the flesh consumption. In this study, the external (weight, size, skin colour) and internal (firmness, total soluble solids, acidity, pH) fruit quality attributes were measured experimentally before the storage, using well defined techniques. 'Corelita', 'Coreal', 'Corealor', 'Coredova', 'Corejuno', 'Coretard', 'Coreagat', 'Coreor' and 'Coreprim' cultivars were registered, in the last 15 years, by Practical Scientific Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies Chișinău, Republic of Moldova, as scab resistant varieties. The orchard trial was established at the Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitesti, Romania in the spring 2014 on MM106 rootstock, at the spacing of 3.5 x 2 m and fruit samples were analyzed in 2019, 2020 and 2021 seasons. All studied cultivars were harvested before 'Florina' cv., used as control. Fruit weight was quite variable among genotypes, between 115.15 g at 'Coreal' cv. and 212.41 g at 'Corejuno', and most of the cultivars had smaller fruits than 'Florina' cv. Firmness and total soluble solids varied from 70.5 to 82.61 N and 12.77 to 16.77%Brix. The Hunter color values L, a, b, were found to be in the range of 46.12 to 56.76, - 6.46 to 14, 13.75 to 23.72, respectively. The data about the external and internal fruit quality of new Moldavian scab resistant apple cultivars are useful for growers, in order to introduce in the new orchards only cultivars with high quality fruits.

scholarly journals Effect of M9, MM106 and Seedling Rootstocks on Sunburn-Sensitivity of 33 Apple Cultivars, and Sunburn Effects on Fruit Quality

2005 ◽  
pp. 236-247
Author(s):  
József Racskó ◽  
Sándor Thurzó ◽  
Gábor Drén
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Potential Area

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sunburn-sensitivity of 33 apple cultivars grafted onto 3 rootstocks (M9, MM106 and seedling) in a commercial orchard at Nagykutas (in the western part of Hungary). The authors also searched for any relationship between fruit quality parameters and the frequency of sunburn on the fruit surface.During the observations, the cultivars had rootstock-specific properties in respect to sunburn-susceptibility. Accordingly, the injury decreased in the order M9, MM106 and seedling rootstocks. The differences in the sensitivity were founded on the foliage-morphological characteristics of trees, caused by the growing vigour of the rootstocks. Accordingly, the highest value of sunburn injury was observed on M9 rootstock, because this rootstock has a dwarfing effect on the grafted main cultivars. Thus, the vegetative area of these trees grew very slowly and the foliage was not compact enough to protect the fruits from the strong rays. The largeness and density of the foliage increased in the order M9, MM106 and seedling rootstocks. Relationships were also demonstrated between the diameter of the upper part of crown, the size of leaves, the number of fruits per tree and the injury from sunburn.The damage values showed, that the gravity of symptoms did not decrease below a well-defined level of dimension on fruit. Determined potential area of injury was necessary for the symptoms to become visible.The authors categorized the cultivars in the respect of values of sunburn frequency: I. „Not sensitive”, II. „Moderately sensitive” and III. „Very sensitive” categories were constituted. Generally, the Gala cultivars showed low damage (or were free of symptoms), in contrast, Golden mutants suffered relative strongly. The most sensitive cultivar was Jonica on all three of rootstocks.We searched for any relationship between the fruit quality parameters and the frequency of sunburn. A significant correlation was found in the cases of fruit weight and colour-coverage. The latter can be related to that fact that highly colour covered fruits are found on the peripherial part of crown, so these are exposed to stronger sun rays

scholarly journals Evaluation of crop yield and fruit quality in organic apple production

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gonda ◽  
N. Rakonczás ◽  
I. J. Holb
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Apple Cultivars

In this study, crop yield and fruit quality parameters (soluble solid concentration, sugar, total acid, and vitamin C content) of 15 apple cultivars including old, resistant and currently grown cultivars. The highest fruit yield among all 15 cultivars was obtained on CV. Jonagold with 15.5 kg/tree, while the lowest yield was measured on the resistant cultivar Reanda with 8.1 kg/tree. There were no significant differences among the cultivars in fruit diameter ranging from 70 mm in the case of cv. Húsvéti rozmaring to 82 mm for cv. Mutsu. Values of soluble solids concentration of the cultivars varied between 15.5% for cv. Téli Banán and 19.2% for cv. Renora. Sugar content values showed a similar tendency to soluble solids content. The highest and lowest total sugar content was observed on cvs. Jonagold and Renora and cv. Re­tina with 17% and 12.4%, respectively. Total acid content values ranged between 0.18% and 0.53% for cvs. Jonagold and Remo, respectively. Values of vitamin C content for the 15 apple cultivars varied between 2 mg% and 4 mg% for cv. Retina and cv. Mutsu, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of applications of a complex and N-Ca fertilizer on leaf and fruit nutrient concentrations and some fruit quality parameters in two apple cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
T. E Sotiropoulos ◽  
I. N Therios ◽  
K. N Dimassi ◽  
V. Tsirakoglou
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Boron Concentration ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Apple Cultivars

The aim of this research was to study the effects of application of ‘hydrocomplex’ (H) and ‘Norway nitrate’ (NN) fertilizers on leaf and fruit nutrient concentrations and some fruit quality parameters in the following apple (Malus domestica Borkh) cultivars (cvs.): Golden Delicious and Black Ben Davis. Applications of 50 kg NN, 75 kg NN, 50 kg NN plus 50 kg H and 75 kg NN plus 25 kg H per 0.1 hectare significantly increased leaf Ca concentration of the cv. Golden Delicious in comparison with the control in the July 15 sampling period. Boron concentration of leaves of the cv. Black Ben Davis increased steadily throughout the season. Applications of 75 kg H and 75 kg H plus 25 kg NN per 0.1 hectare significantly increased fruit B concentration of the cv. Black Ben Davis at harvest. The ratios N/Ca, K/Ca and K + Mg/Ca in fruit were calculated for all treatments. Applications of 25–75 kg NN, 25–75 kg H as well as the combination of the two fertilizers decreased the ratios N/Ca, K/Ca and K + Mg/Ca of fruits of the cvs. Golden Delicious and Black Ben Davis in comparison with the control at harvest. Applications of 50 kg (ΝΝ), 75 kg (Η), 25 kg (ΝΝ) plus 75 kg (H) and 75 kg (NN) plus 25 kg (H) per 0.1 hectare significantly increased soluble solids of fruits of the cv. Golden Delicious at harvest.  

scholarly journals N-Phenyl-Phthalamic Acid and Fertilization Effects on Flowering, Fruit Set and Fruit Quality of Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)

2006 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
József Racskó
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Phthalamic Acid ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Tree Quality ◽  
Fertilization Effects

On seven apple cultivars (Gala Must, Gloster, Granny Smith, Idared, Jonagold, Jonathan Csány 1, Mutsu), the authors studied the influence of N-phenyl-phthalamic (PPA) acid and fertilization on flowering, fruit set and fruit quality in the years 2003-2004. The research results showed that PPA application extended the flowering time of the most cultivars. Fruit set of apple cultivars increased in many cases when regulator was applied. The additional nutrient supply could increase the fruit set too. The increase of fruit set increased the number of fruit per tree. Quality parameters determined by fertilization and fruit number per tree. For example, when N-phenyl-phthalamic acid was applied without fertilization the fruit number per tree increased considerably however, it caused a considerable frittering away. The reason for this is that fruit set was high and fruit received not enough nutrition for growing up. The skin colour of fruits was decreased in several cases by the treatments. In one respect the enlarged fruit number was shaded the others and the fertilization increased the vegetative shading leaf area.

scholarly journals Fruit quality of ‘Eva’ e ‘Princesa’ apples grown under nitrogen fertigation in semiarid climate

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 967-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
João M. de S. Miranda ◽  
Ítalo H. L. Cavalcante ◽  
Inez V. de M. Oliveira ◽  
Paulo R. C. Lopes ◽  
Joston S. de Assis
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Fruit Mass

ABSTRACTThe production of high quality fruits is a necessary factor for the adaptation and production of plant species with economic viability. Thus, an experiment was conducted from July 2012 to January 2013 to evaluate the fruit quality of the ‘Eva’ and ‘Princesa’ apple cultivars as a function of nitrogen fertilization in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with treatments distributed in a factorial arrangement 2 x 4, corresponding to apple cultivars (Eva and Princesa) and nitrogen doses (40; 80; 120 and 160 kg of N ha-1), with four replications and three plants in each plot. The fruit characteristics, such as fruit mass, skin color (luminosity, chromaticity, and colour angle), size (width and length), pulp firmness, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS) and the SS/TA ratio, were recorded. Nitrogen doses do not affect fruit quality of studied apple cultivars. The fruit quality attributes are different between apple cultivars: fruit firmness, SS/TA ratio, fruit mass and fruit diameter are superior for Princesa cultivar, while the fruit length for Eva cultivar is superior.

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen supply on specific yield and fruit quality of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Racskó ◽  
J. Nagy ◽  
Z. Soltész ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
P. T. Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Specific Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Apple Cultivars

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of nitrogen supply on yield and fruit quality of apple cultivars and to explore the relationships between canopy density and the different fruit quality parameters. The experiments were carried out at Kálmánháza, in Eastern Hungary in a private orchard in 2003-2004. The response of four apple cultivars ('Elstar', 'Gala Prince', 'Granny Smith', 'Idared') to different nitrogen dosages was studied. The assessed and calculated indices were: yield, fruit diameter, fruit height, shape index, fruit mass, firmness, dry matter content and colouration. The results indicated that nitrogen fertilization has a significant effect on the yield and fruit quality of apple cultivars. The calculated specific yield values were reduced by the application of nitrogen via the increase in the volume of the canopy. An opposit trend was observed for fruit diameter, fruit height and fruit weight, which increased with increasing nitrogen supply. The reduced shape index caused flattening of fruits. However, the improvement of fruit quality via increasing nitrogen dosage is only virtual, since these dosages increase the fruit size, but firmness, dry matter content and colouration are diminished, which decreases the value of the fruits on the market. The authors also studied the relationships between canopy density responsible for assimilation and light supply of the fruits and the different fruit quality parameters. The closest linear inversely proportional relationship was found in the case of colouration. There was a negative linear relationship between canopy density and firmness or dry matter content. The relationship between canopy density and fruit mass could be described by a quadratic polinomial function.

scholarly journals Does propagation method affect the field performance of peach trees?

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2815
Author(s):  
André Luiz Kulkamp de Souza ◽  
Márcia Wulff Schuch ◽  
Samila Silva Camargo ◽  
Robson Rodrigues Pereira ◽  
Edson Luiz de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
High Density ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Propagation Methods ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Vegetative Bud

Worldwide, peach propagation has been performed mainly by grafting scions of desirable cultivars on rootstocks obtained from seeds. There are, however, other potential propagation methods not widely adopted due to the limited reports on the field performance of the resultant trees. This study addressed this knowledge gap and investigated the field performance of peach trees of the cultivar Maciel that were established in an orchard (5.0 m × 1.4 m spacing) in 2011. The trees were trained in a "Y" system, with seedlings from three propagation techniques: 1) Conventional System (CS) - vegetative bud grafting of the scion on the rootstock of the Okinawa cultivar obtained from seed; 2) Rootstock by Minicutting (RM) - vegetative bud grafting of the scion on the rootstock of the Okinawa cultivar obtained by minicutting in a semi-hydroponic system; 3) Self-Rooting (SR) - self-rooting of the scion in a semi-hydroponic system. The vegetative, productive, and fruit quality parameters were assessed during 2012 and 2013. The Maciel peach trees that were propagated by the SR technique were found to have similar or even superior field performance to those propagated by the CS. The RM propagation method was also found to be an important potential alternative to peach propagation, since this it combines two techniques (cutting and grafting) to reduce tree vigor, especially if the goal is high-density planting.

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