scholarly journals The impact of location, row direction, plant density and rootstock on the sunburn damage of apple cultivars

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Racskó ◽  
J. Nagy ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
M. Major ◽  
J. Nyéki
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Apple Seedling ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crab Apple

The effect of row direction (N-S, E-W), plant density (conventional and intensive) and rootstock (M9, MM106 and crab apple) on the sensitivity of 41 apple cultivars to sunburn injury was studied at 6 locations (Derecske, Kálmánáaza, Nagykutas, Nagylapos, Siófok, Tornyospálca). During the observations the cultivars had rootstock-specific properties in respect of sunburn-susceptibility. Accordingly, the injury was decreased in the order: M9, MM106 and seedling rootstocks. The differences in sensitivity depend on the canopy of trees, caused finally by the growing vigour of rootstocks. Accordingly, the highest value of sunburn injury was observed on M9 rootstock, because this rootstock has a dwarfing effect upon the scion cultivars. Thus, vegetative area of these trees grow very slowly and the foliage is not enough compact to protect the fruit from solar radiation. The size and density of the foliage increased in the order: M9, MM 106 and crab apple seedling as rootstock. Moreover, relationships were demonstrated between the diameter of upper part of the crown, the leaf area, the number of fruits per tree and the injury of sunburn. Authors categorized the cultivars in respect of values of sunburn incidence: 1. „Not sensitive", II. „Moderately sensitive" and HI. „Strongly sensitive" categories were constituted. Generally, Topaz and Gala cultivars showed low damage (or were free from symptoms), in contrast to this, Golden mutants suffered relatively much. The most sensitive cultivar was Jonica on all the three rootstocks. We searched for relationship between the fruit quality parameters and the frequency of sunburn. Significant correlation was found in the cases of fruit size and the extent of cover-colour. The latter is interpreted with the fact that the best coloured fruits are found on the periphery of crown as a consequence of more intense irradiation.

scholarly journals Effects of Rootstock/Scion Combination and Two Irrigation Water Qualities on Cherry Tomato Yield and Postharvest Fruit Quality

Horticulturae ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiam Abu Glion ◽  
Sharon Alkalai-Tuvia ◽  
Merav Zaaroor-Presman ◽  
Daniel Chalupowicz ◽  
Mili Zanbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Sea Transport ◽  
Salty Water ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Tomato Yield

The aim of this research was to evaluate postharvest cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum (L.) Mill.) yield and fruit quality as affected by grafting and irrigation water quality in the desert region of Israel. Tomato plants (scion cv. Lorka) were grafted onto 3 commercial tomato rootstocks (Resistar, Beaufort and TRS2) and were irrigated with 2 water qualities: fresh water (electrical conductivity (EC)-1.6 dS m−1) and salty water (EC-4.0 dS m−1). Fresh water significantly increased fruit yield by an average of 17% and fruit size, regardless of plant grafting and rootstock, but there were no significant differences in fruit size between the water treatments. However, salty water, but not grafting, significantly improved several quality parameters of fruit stored for 12 d at 12 °C followed by 2 d at 20 °C in simulated sea transport of produce from Israel to Europe and marketing. Fruit harvested from plants irrigated with salty water showed higher sweetness, sourness and, especially, better general taste, and significantly reduced off-flavor, compared with those irrigated with fresh water. The combination of ‘Lorka’ on ‘Resistar’ rootstock and resulted in the best external, internal, and sensory quality parameters at the end of storability and marketing simulation, while the lowest-quality parameters were in fruit harvested from ‘Lorka’ on ‘Beaufort’ rootstock.

scholarly journals Crop Load Influences Fruit Quality, Nutritional Balance, and Return Bloom in ‘Honeycrisp’ Apple

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Serra ◽  
Rachel Leisso ◽  
Luca Giordani ◽  
Lee Kalcsits ◽  
Stefano Musacchi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Apple Variety ◽  
Return Bloom ◽  
The Impact

The apple variety, ‘Honeycrisp’ has been extensively planted in North America during the last two decades. However, it suffers from several agronomic problems that limit productivity and postharvest quality. To reduce losses, new information is needed to better describe the impact of crop load on productivity and postharvest fruit quality in a desert environment and the major region where ‘Honeycrisp’ expansion is occurring. Here, 7-year-old ‘Honeycrisp’ trees on the M9-Nic29 rootstock (2.5 × 0.9 m) were hand thinned to five different crop loads [from 4.7 to 16.0 fruit/cm2 of trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA)] to compare fruit quality, maturity, fruit size, elemental concentration, and return bloom. Fruit size distribution was affected by crop load. Trees with the highest crop load (16 fruit/cm2) produced smaller fruit. Index of absorbance difference (IAD) measurements (absorption difference between 670 and 720 nm), a proxy indicator of the chlorophyll content below the skin of fruit measured by a DA-meter, were made shortly after harvest (T0) and after 6 months of storage (T1). Fruit from the trees with the lowest crop load had lower IAD values indicating advanced fruit ripeness. The comparison between the IAD classes at T0 and T1 showed that fruit belonging to the lowest IAD class had significantly higher red-blushed overcolor percentage, firmness, dry matter, and soluble solid content than those in the “most unripe” class (highest IAD readings) regardless of crop load. The percentage of blushed color, firmness, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids content, and dry matter were all higher in the lowest crop loads at both T0 and T1. Fruit calcium (Ca) concentration was lowest at the lowest crop load. The (K + Mg + N):Ca ratio decreased as crop load increased until a crop load of 11.3 fruit/cm2, which was not significantly different from higher crop loads. For return bloom, the highest number of flower clusters per tree was reported for 4.7 fruit/cm2 crop load, and generally it decreased as crop load increased. Here, we highlight the corresponding changes in fruit quality, storability, and elemental balance with tree crop load. To maintain high fruit quality and consistency in yield, careful crop load management is required to minimize bienniality and improve fruit quality and storability.

scholarly journals Rootstocks Influence Yield Precocity, Productivity, and Pre-Harvest Fruit Drop of Mandared Pigmented Mandarin

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1305
Author(s):  
Marco Caruso ◽  
Alberto Continella ◽  
Giulia Modica ◽  
Claudia Pannitteri ◽  
Riccardo Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Fruit Drop

Citrus fruit quality and scion productivity are influenced by the choice of rootstock. We aimed to evaluate the effect of rootstocks on yield and fruit quality of Mandared, a triploid pigmented mandarin. To do so, we established a rootstock field trial on a high pH soil (8.6) in which Mandared was grafted onto 11 rootstocks. These included some standard rootstocks, such as trifoliate orange ((Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.), Troyer citrange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. × P. trifoliata), Swingle citrumelo (Citrus paradisi Macf. × P. trifoliata), and C35 citrange (C. sinensis × P. trifoliata), as well as new releases from the Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA, Acireale, Italy) and the University of California Riverside (UCR). The cumulative yield was measured over five consecutive years, while fruit quality was analyzed for two years. The trees on C35, C57 (Citrus sunki Hort. ex. Tan. × P. trifoliata), and C22 (C. sunki × P. trifoliata), started to set fruits one year earlier than the others. The trees on C57 provided some of the highest cumulative yields and canopy volumes. The production of Mandared grafted onto C57 was double that of Mandared grafted onto Troyer, while Mandared grafted onto C35 and C22 resulted in the best yield efficiency. The trees on Swingle and C57 significantly reduced the pre-harvest fruit drop, to which Mandared is particularly sensitive. However, grafting Mandared onto Swingle resulted in the highest variation among replicates, probably due to its high sensitivity to iron chlorosis. Most of the fruit quality parameters, such as fruit size, total soluble solids (TSS), and acidity were not significantly different among the rootstock treatments. However, fruits produced by Mandared grafted onto C22 had one of the highest rates of anthocyanin accumulation. The results indicate that C57, C35, and C22 were the most suitable rootstocks for Mandared in South-Eastern Sicily.

scholarly journals Impact of Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) Primocane Tipping on Fruit Yield and Quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zala ZORENC ◽  
Robert VEBERIC ◽  
Darinka KORON ◽  
Maja MIKULIC-PETKOVSEK
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
The Impact

High temperature stress, which has been occurring more often in recent years, usually coincides with the flowering of primocane raspberries and causes a negative effect on fruit quality parameters. One of the methods of delaying raspberry flowering and fruit development to avoid high summer temperatures is tipping the young primocanes. The aim of the study was to investigate how this practice affects the fruit characteristics and primary and secondary metabolites of two primocane raspberry cultivars (‘Amira’ and ‘Polka’). For this purpose, we performed primocane tipping on two different dates in late spring and analyzed the berries from three subsequent sampling dates. High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analyses were used for the identification and quantification of individual phenolic compounds and HPLC analyses for individual sugars and organic acids. Primocane tipping had great influence on the beginning of the harvest season of both cultivars. The impact on fruit yield was insignificant. Sampling date had a greater influence on fruit metabolite contents than did different treatments, with cultivar ‘Polka’ showing a greater response to primocane tipping than cultivar 'Amira'. Based on primary and secondary metabolites, it is difficult to say which treatment provided the best results, since dissimilar patterns were shown at different sampling dates and between cultivars. With negligible differences in fruit quality, primocane tipping was shown to be a good cultivation practice for delaying the production season of raspberries.

Mechanical blossom thinning of apples and influence on yield, fruit quality and spur leaf area

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 887-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra A. McClure ◽  
John A. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Load Management ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Mechanical Removal ◽  
New Crop

McClure, K. A. and Cline, J. A. 2015. Mechanical blossom thinning of apples and influence on yield, fruit quality and spur leaf area. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 887–896. Apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) trees tend to crop heavily, which often makes crop load adjustment necessary. This can now be achieved as early as bloom by mechanical removal/thinning of blossoms. High-density Empire/M.26 and Royal Gala/M.26 apple trees were mechanically (MBT) and hand blossom thinned (HBT) in 2010 and 2011, respectively, and their effects on fruit set, subsequent hand thinning, final crop load, and spur leaf area were measured. In both years, MBT effectively thinned trees and reduced fruit set, but did not reduce the requirement for follow-up hand fruitlet thinning after June drop in 2011. In 2010, harvest yields for MBT treatments decreased, while weight and diameter increased. In 2011, most harvest and fruit quality parameters were unaffected by thinning. Trees that were mechanically thinned had significantly reduced spur leaf area, but were similar to unthinned control trees with respect to many of the yield and quality parameters measured. Mechanical blossom thinning is a new crop load management option for apple growers looking to supplement more traditional chemical and hand thinning techniques.

scholarly journals Potassium Requirements for Maximum Yield and Fruit Quality of Processing Tomato

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K. Hartz ◽  
G. Miyao ◽  
R.J. Mullen ◽  
M.D. Cahn ◽  
J. Valencia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

A survey of 140 processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fields in central California was conducted in 1996-97 to examine the relationship between K nutrition and fruit quality for processing. Quality parameters evaluated were soluble solids (SS), pH, color of a blended juice sample, and the percent of fruit affected by the color disorders yellow shoulder (YS) or internal white tissue (IWT). Juice color and pH were not correlated with soil K availability or plant K status. SS was correlated with both soil exchangeable K and midseason leaf K concentration (r = 0.25 and 0.28, p < 0.01) but the regression relationships suggested that the impact of soil or plant K status on fruit SS was minor. YS and IWT incidence, which varied among fields from 0% to 68% of fruit affected, was negatively correlated with K status of both soil and plant. Soil exchangeable K/√Mg ratio was the measure of soil K availability most closely correlated with percent total color disorders (YS + IWT, r = -0.45, p < 0.01). In field trials conducted to document the relationship between soil K availability and the fruit color disorders, soil application of either K or gypsum (CaSO4, to increase K/√Mg ratio) reduced YS and total color disorders. Multiple foliar K applications were effective in reducing fruit color disorders at only one of two sites. In no field trial did K application improve yield, SS, or juice color.

scholarly journals FRUIT PHYSICO-CHEMICAL QUALITY PARAMETERS OF NEW INTRODUCED APPLE CULTIVARS

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (37) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Madalina Militaru ◽  
◽  
Victor Bucarciuc ◽  
Madalina Butac ◽  
Eugenia Maresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Apple Cultivars

The apple fruit is the second most frequently consumed, after bananas and some quality characteristics like size, gloss, color, and aroma influenced directly the flesh consumption. In this study, the external (weight, size, skin colour) and internal (firmness, total soluble solids, acidity, pH) fruit quality attributes were measured experimentally before the storage, using well defined techniques. 'Corelita', 'Coreal', 'Corealor', 'Coredova', 'Corejuno', 'Coretard', 'Coreagat', 'Coreor' and 'Coreprim' cultivars were registered, in the last 15 years, by Practical Scientific Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies Chișinău, Republic of Moldova, as scab resistant varieties. The orchard trial was established at the Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitesti, Romania in the spring 2014 on MM106 rootstock, at the spacing of 3.5 x 2 m and fruit samples were analyzed in 2019, 2020 and 2021 seasons. All studied cultivars were harvested before 'Florina' cv., used as control. Fruit weight was quite variable among genotypes, between 115.15 g at 'Coreal' cv. and 212.41 g at 'Corejuno', and most of the cultivars had smaller fruits than 'Florina' cv. Firmness and total soluble solids varied from 70.5 to 82.61 N and 12.77 to 16.77%Brix. The Hunter color values L, a, b, were found to be in the range of 46.12 to 56.76, - 6.46 to 14, 13.75 to 23.72, respectively. The data about the external and internal fruit quality of new Moldavian scab resistant apple cultivars are useful for growers, in order to introduce in the new orchards only cultivars with high quality fruits.

scholarly journals ‘Prata-Anã’ banana under irrigation levels, planting densities and bunch trimming

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Luiz Rodrigues Donato ◽  
Marcelo Rocha dos Santos ◽  
Alessandro de Magalhães Arantes ◽  
Ariele Vaz Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Levels

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the effect of planting densities, irrigation levels and bunch trimming on yield, fruit grading and water-use efficiency (WUE) of ‘Prata-Anã’ banana plants. The following factors were combined in a randomized block design: three irrigation levels (IL), 50, 75 and 100% crop evapotranspiration (ETc); four planting densities (PD)- 1,666; 2,083; 2,666 and 3,333 plants ha-1; and two bunch trimming treatments (BT), removal of either one or two hands from the bunch. The treatments were arranged in a split-split plot design. Irrigation level was assigned to main plots, PD to subplots and BT to sub-subplots, with four replicates. Measurements were made in the first production cycle. Removing two hands increased number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index, fruit weight, fruit diameter, total hand weight and mean hand weight of ‘Prata-Anã’ banana plants. A plant density population of 3,333 plants ha-1 combined with an irrigation level at 75% ETc improves plant development and yield while maintaining fruit size and saving water, regardless of removal of one or two hands from the bunch.

scholarly journals Leaf Attributes as Indices of Fruit Quality in Prune Tree Canopies

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 751-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Southwick ◽  
S.A. Weinbaum ◽  
T.T. Muraoka ◽  
W.R. Krueger ◽  
K.A. Shackel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Range Analysis ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Tree Canopies ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Leaf dry weight per leaf area (LDW/LA); weight of leaf N per unit leaf area (LN/LA); leaf dry weight (LDW); and fruit quality, particularly sugar per fruit (SF); fruit fresh weight (FFW); and fruit dry weight (FDW) were measured over a range of daily average incident photosynthetic photon flux values (PPF) (50 to 1000 μmol·s-1·m-2) in 7-year-old prune (Prunus domestics L. syn. `Petite d'Agen') tree canopies. Linear or curvilinear relationships between these leaf attributes and fruit characteristics were significant over the PPF range. Analysis of LDW/LA or LN/LA may be used to indicate tree canopy locations in which fruit size and quality is limited by suboptimal PPF.

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