Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio May be a Predictive Marker of Poor Prognosis in Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 598-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burak Kaymaz ◽  
Kadir Büyükdogan ◽  
Nazan Kaymaz ◽  
Erkam Kömürcü ◽  
Umut Hatay Golge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Predictive Marker ◽  
Perthes Disease ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) is the idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head in childhood. The pathologic changes seen in the femoral head are likely a result of vascular factors. Blood neutrophil to lymphocyte (N/L) ratio is a simple marker of subclinical inflammation. This study aims to to analyse the predictive ability of N/L ratio for the prognosis in LCPD patients. Methods Patients who had been diagnosed as LCPD from 2008 to 2014 were investigated retrospectively and 40 LCPD patients (33 male and 7 female) and 25 healthy age and sex-matched children (controls) were included in the study. LCPD patients were divided into 2 groups according to expected prognosis (good prognosis expected Herring A and B patients as Group I and poor prognosis expected Herring B-C and C patients as Group II) and healthy children (control) were included in Group III. All the patients’ hematological markers were analysed. Results Mean age was 7.1 ± 2.0 years in group I (4.9-12 years), 8.3 ± 2.2 years (4-12.5 years) in group II and 7.8 ± 1.3 years (6-12 years) in group III. Mean values for Groups I, II and III for neutrophil to lymphocyte (N/L) ratio were 1.13 ± 0.65, 1.75 ± 0.95, 1.08 ± 0.37, respectively. The mean neutrophil to lymphocyte (N/L) ratio of Group II was higher than the other 2 groups (p = 0.003). Conclusions N/L ratio may give us information about the natural course of LCPD and may be used as independent predictor of prognosis in patients with LCPD.

scholarly journals The Effects of Asthma on the Stress Oxidative, Inflammation, and Endothelial Dysfunction Characteristics in Children with Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Arjmand Shabestari ◽  
Pegah Mohaghegh ◽  
Habibeh kiyanrad ◽  
fatemeh imanparast
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Stress Oxidative ◽  
Pai 1

Abstract Background: Pulmonary vascular endothelial activation, inflammation, and stress oxidative have been implicated in adverse clinical outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Although chronic lung problems such as asthma may affect the consequences of pneumonia, the exact mechanism of this effect remains unclear. The present study aimed to assess the effects of asthma on the oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers in children pneumonia.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at Amir Kabir Hospital affiliated to Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. Participants were 25 children with severe CAP and asthma (group I), 25 children with severe CAP (group II), and 25 healthy children (group III) with 2 to 6 years of age. Fasting blood samples were taken to the assay of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1).Results: We observed a significant reduction in TAC in groups I and II (0.997±0.22 and 1.23±0.21 mmol/l, respectively) compared with group III (1.46±0.19 mmol/l). This reduction was significantly higher in group I than in group II. Also, we observed a significant increase in MDA and TNF-α in groups I (2.57±0.40 µmol/l, 6.94±1.61 pg/ml, respectively) and II (6.94±1.61µmol/l, 5.54±1.84 pg/ml, respectively) compared with group III (1.89 ±0.27µmol/l, 3.42±1.32 pg/ml, respectively). The increase in MDA was significantly higher in group I than in group II. VCAM-1 and PAI-1 as endothelial dysfunction biomarkers increased significantly in group I (1.5 ±0.62 mmol/l and 10.52±3.2 AU/ml, respectively) compared with groups II (1.06±0.53 mmol/l and 8.23±3.4 AU/ml, respectively) and III (0.6± 0.35 mmol/l and 2.39 ± 0.83 AU/ml, respectively). Also, VCAM-1 and PAI-1 increased significantly in group II compared with groups III.Conclusions: Asthma can exacerbate the consequences of pneumonia in children by increasing oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction.

scholarly journals Quantitative Changes in Selected Lymphocyte Subpopulations after Administration of a Soluble Parasitic Antigen of Babesia Canis to Dogs

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Łukasz Adaszek ◽  
Urszula Lisiecka ◽  
Alfonso Carbonero Martinez ◽  
Maciej Skrzypczak ◽  
Stanisław Winiarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Subpopulations ◽  
Babesia Canis ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Mhc Ii ◽  
Commercial Vaccine ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Quantitative Changes

Abstract Changes in selected blood lymphocyte subpopulations in dogs administered with a soluble parasitic antigen (SPA) derived from a supernatant of 18S RNA-A and 18S RNA-B Babesia canis cell culture were investigated. The studies included 20 dogs divided into three groups: group I (n=8) - comprised of dogs receiving SPA twice, at 3 week intervals; group II (n=5) - nonvaccinated control dogs, and group III (n=7) - dogs vaccinated twice with a commercial B. canis vaccine. Cytometric analysis revealed that vaccination with SPA derived from B. canis culture had similar effects to the vaccination with a commercial vaccine. The vaccination lowered the percentage of T lymphocytes (CD3+), T helper cells (CD4+), cytotoxic/supressor T cells (CD8+), B lymphocytes (CD21+), and MHC II lymphocytes in the blood in comparison to non-vaccinated dogs. Statistical analysis of the results demonstrated that mean values of the tested parameters at each stage of the study were similar in groups I and III and significantly higher in group II. The lowered level of the lymphocyte subpopulations in groups I and III persisted during the whole period of the study. The results presented that SPA has immunosuppressive effect in the first period after being administrated.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of audiometric and impedancemetric findings in workers exposed to the effects of various duration industrial noise

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-235
Author(s):  
Ljubica Zivic ◽  
Snezana Ignjatovic ◽  
Negra Terzic ◽  
Vladimir Jakovljevic ◽  
Danijela Zivic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Industrial Noise ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Hearing Damage

Background/Aim. Industrial noise is produced in workshops due to factory machinery and tools used in technological processes. It has detrimental effect to primarily the organ of the sense of hearing, thus damaging hearing in oversensitive subjects. The aim of the study was to perform a detailed analysis of audiometric and, especially, impedancemetric parameters in workers exposed to the effects of industrial noise of various duration, as well as to determine similarities and differences in workers with differences in sensitivity to damaging effects of noise. Methods. The study included a homogenous group of 173 industrial workers involved in the same department of a huge workshop named 'Kovacica' exposed to noise level above a threshold intensity, and divided into three groups: the group I of 116 workers (232 ears) exposed to noise for 8 h in the workshop 'Kovacica', the group II of 41 workers (82 ears) exposed to noise only half of the working time, and the group III of 16 workers (32 ears) exposed to the same conditions and having the normal hearing sense. The group III served as a control group. Prior to the study any workers went through a thorough anamnesis and complete ORL examination, and then they were submitted to audiometric testing. The study included only the workers with no hearing damage due to diseases, injuries nor other detrimental factors in order to be sure that the hearing findings had been caused by industrial noise. Results. The results obtained by audiometric testing showed that 90.75% of the workers had hearing damage of various degrees, while 9.25 % of the workers had regular hearing although had been exposed to the same conditions. More severe hearing damage was revealed in the workers of the group I. Tympanometricly, in most ears of the group I workers (65.52%) a compliance value was found to be more than 0.9 cm3, while in the majority of those of the group II (59.75%) a compliance value was in the range from 0.5 to 0.9 cm3. In the workers of the group III with no hearing damage, a compliance value for any ears was in the range from 0.1 to 0.9 cm3. Mean value of threshold reflex (98.56 dB) at 500 Hz and 1 000 Hz in the group I was increased as compared with the group II (95.6 dB) and the group III (84.38 dB). At higher frequencies, 2 000 and 4 000 Hz, threshold reflex was increased in the group I (99.05 dB), and in the group II (97.6 dB) as compared with the group III (86.4 dB). The amplitude of stapedic reflex was lowest in the group I, while mean values of amplitude at 500, 1 000, 2 000 and at 4 000 Hz were 2.31, 1.38, 1 and 0.3, respectively. In the group II mean values of amplitude at 500, 1 000, 2 000 and 4 000 Hz were 2.52, 1.80, 1.30 and 0.5, respectively. In the group III mean values of amplitude at 500, 1 000, 2 000 and at 4 000 Hz were 2.36, 2.45, 2.5 and 2.08, respectively. By measuring input (rising) and output angles it was revealed that most ears of the workers in the groups I and II had rising angle ranging from 41 to 50o, and in the workers with no hearing loss from 31 to 50o. In the majority of the ears of the groups I and II outlet angle was in the range from 16 to 35o, and in the workers with no hearing damage from 26 to 35o. Conclusion. By audiometric and impedancemetric examinations it was determined that for the sense of hearing it is significant not only a threshold hearing expressed in the audiometric curve at various frequencies, but also a threshold of unpleasantness and pain under higher intensities shown by the occurrence of stapedic reflex. The less hearing field between threshold hearing and threshold acoustic reflex is, the less capabilities of hearing perception due to the occurrence of recruitment.

scholarly journals The Effects of Asthma on the Stress Oxidative, Inflammation, and Endothelial Dysfunction Characteristics in Children with Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ali Arjmand Shabestari ◽  
fatemeh imanparast ◽  
pegah mohaghegh ◽  
habibeh kiyanrad
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Stress Oxidative ◽  
Pai 1

Background: Pulmonary vascular endothelial activation, inflammation, and stress oxidative have been implicated in adverse clinical outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Chronic lung problems such as asthma may affect the consequences of pneumonia.The present study aimed to assess the effects of asthma on the oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers in children pneumonia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at Amir Kabir Hospital affiliated to Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. Participants were 25 children with severe CAP and asthma (group I), 25 children with severe CAP (group II), and 25 healthy children (group III) with 2 to 6 years of age. Fasting blood samples were taken to the assay of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Results: We observed a significant reduction in TAC in groups I and II compared with group III. This reduction was significantly higher in group I than in group II. Also, we observed a significant increase in MDA and TNF-α in groups I and II compared with group III. The increase in MDA was significantly higher in group I than in group II. VCAM-1 and PAI-1 as endothelial dysfunction biomarkers increased significantly in group I compared with groups II and III. Also, VCAM-1 and PAI-1 increased significantly in group II compared with groups III. Conclusions: Asthma can exacerbate the consequences of pneumonia in children by increasing oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction.

Labiolingual and mesiodistal positioning of maxillary permanent incisors during the eruption process

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osmar Aparecido Cuoghi ◽  
Francisco Antonio Bertoz ◽  
Marcos Rogerio de Mendonca ◽  
Eduardo Cesar Almada Santos ◽  
An Tien Li
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Lower Border ◽  
Group I ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

This study aimed to establish radiographical parameters concerning the tipping, the labiolingual positioning and the angulation of the maxillary permanent incisors in the mixed dentition. Three groups of 20 cephalograms and 20 orthopantomographic radiographs taken from children aging from 7 to 12 years old, with normal occlusion were compared. The Group I presented only the eruption of the central permanent incisors, the Group II presented both the central and lateral permanent incisors and the Group III presented central, lateral incisors and permanent canine teeth. The tipping and the labiolingual positioning were measured, respectively, using U1/PP and U1↔AVERT. Mesiodistally, the angles between the teeth axis and the line that touched the lower border of the orbit in the orthopantomographic radiographs were measured. The mean values of tipping, labiolingual positioning and angulation of the central and lateral incisors obtained from Groups I, II and III were respectively 112°, 1.2mm, 90.4° and 91.7°; 112°, 2.6mm, 89.5° and 96.8° and. 114°, 2.7mm, 87.4° and 92.6°. The tipping levels were similar for all groups, the mean values of the labiolingual positioning were significantly different at 5% when Group I was compared to both Groups II and III.And the mean values of the angulation were significantly different 5% for the central incisors between Groups I and III, and at 1% for the lateral incisors between Groups I and II, and, II and III.

scholarly journals A comparison of HDL-c, VLDL-c among diabetics with and without dyslipidemia and healthy controls.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2427-2432
Author(s):  
Hajira Siddique ◽  
Sarah Sadiq ◽  
Asifa Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Disease Study

Objectives: To determine and compare the levels of HDL-c and VLDL-c between Diabetic with/without dyslipidemia with normal healthy controls and risk of Cardiovascular disease. Study Design: Cross Sectional Comparative study. Setting: Multidisciplinary Lab I, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Army Medical College, Rawalpindi. Period: 2 years January 2016 to January 2019. Material & Methods: Total 90 subjects were enrolled in three groups i.e., group I comprised of 30 patients of Diabetic dyslipidemia, group II consisted of 30 patients of Diabetes without dyslipidemia and group III consisted of 30 healthy normal controls. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Data collected was analyzed by SPSS version 22. Results: Male to female ratio included in group I was 1:1.73 and in group II and III was 1:1.5 each. Mean value of the HDL-c among group I was significantly lower as compared to controls. Mean values of the triglycerides (TG) among group I and group II were significantly elevated as compared to the controls. Most of the subjects of group III were doing exercise as part of everyday routine. Conclusion: The HDL-c and TG (VLDL-c) levels are perturbed significantly among Diabetic dyslipidemic patients as compared to Diabetic non-dyslipidemic patients and normal healthy controls. Exercise is an important factor missed by patients to manage their disease.

scholarly journals P749 Echocardiographic risk factors of functional ischemic mitral regurgitation in patients with first acute myocardial infarction

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Kochanowski ◽  
R Piatkowski ◽  
P Scislo ◽  
M Budnik ◽  
M Marchel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between the size of acute functional ischemic mitral regurgitation (FIMR) and selected left ventricle echocardiography measurements in patients (pts) with first ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with effective primary angioplasty (PCI). Methods We analyzed 1578 consecutive hospitalized pts with STEMI (M-914; 66,4 ± 10,2 years) treated with PCI. The echocardiographic examination was performed at up to 3 days after admission. We assessed the frequency and size of FIMR, left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDd), ejection fraction (EF), wall motion score index (WMSI) and systolic sphericity index (Sls). Effective regurgitation orifice area (EROA) was used for quantitative FIMR assessment (mild: <10 mm², moderate: ≥10 and < 20 mm², severe: ≥ 20mm²). The study population was divided into four groups depending on the size of FIMR. Correlation coefficient was used to determine correlations between data sets. Results We observed mild FIMR in 550 pts (34,9%) - group I, moderate in 356 pts (22,5%) - group II, severe in 57 pts (3,6%) - group III, no FIMR in 615 pts (39%) – group IV. Mean values of selected echocardiographic parameters in each analyzed group are shown in table 1. The positive good correlations between SIs and size of FIMR were found (r = 0,68) as well as weak correlations between LVEDd, WMSI and FIMR (ro = 0,25, ro = 0,34, respectively). The negative weak correlation between EF and size of IMR was present (ro = - 0,34). Conclusions 1. FIMR is a common complication in pts with STEMI treated with PCI. 2. We found a statistically significant correlation between SIs and FIMR severity. Table 1 Group I Group II Group III Group IV p LVEDd (cm) 5,22 ± 0,64 5,42 ± 0,56 5,72 ± 0,64 4,98 ± 0,58 NS EF (%) 48 ± 6 42 ± 8 35 ± 8 51 ± 8 NS WMSI 1,34 ± 0,28 1,42 ± 0,24 1,68 ± 0,32 1,32 ± 0,22 NS SIs 0,22 ± 0,1 0,32 ± 0,1 0,68 ± 0,1 0,18 ± 0,1 0,01 NS - non-significant

scholarly journals THE REGIONAL APPROACH TO EVALUATION OF CONDITION OF UNSPECIFIED RESISTANCE OF ORGANISM IN CHILDREN POPULATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 263-268
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Popova ◽  
Galina M. Trukhina ◽  
E. S. Shvetsova ◽  
E. S. Yasnaya ◽  
S. I. Savel’Ev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Group I ◽  
Health Group ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Group Ii

In Lipetsk region during 9 years a monitoring was implemented concerning immune status of children of preschool age residing in conditions of multi-factorial impact of environment. The sampling included 8,640 children. The examination implemented non-invasive screening techniques analyzing bactericidal activity of skin and composition of skin microflora. The children were allocated in three groups according their health: group I - healthy children; group II - children with functional and certain morphologic divergences and also decreased resistance to acute and chronic diseases; group III - children with chronic diseases at the stage of compensation with preserved functional possibilities of organism. The results of study demonstrated that bactericidal activity of skin within the limits of standard was established in 68% of children from group I, 65% of children from group II and 58% of children from group III. In the rest of children alterations were established related to composition of viable resident microflora being accompanied by increasing of index of bactericidal activity of skin or its drastic decreasing up to 37-58% that testifies disorder of adaptation compensation reactions of organisms of children to conditions of impact of unfavorable environment factors. In 10.4% of children from group III study established significant damage of structure of microbiocenosis of skin and Schneiderian membrane in direction of increasing of number of microorganisms with signs of pathogenicity occurring more often in boys than in girls that substantiates disorder of cellular immunity of organism in the given group of children. These children are included into the risk group for in-depth dispensary observation.

scholarly journals Effects of incorporation of silver and titanium nanoparticles on feldspathic ceramic toughness

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Vasudevan Karthikeyan ◽  
Naveen Gopi Chander ◽  
Jetti Ramesh Reddy ◽  
Balasubramanium Muthukumar
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Feldspathic Porcelain ◽  
Titanium Nanoparticles ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

Background. Porcelain is brittle and in many situations it requires replacement in fractured or chipped restorations. The prospects exist in improving the strength of feldspathic porcelain to widen its applications. This study evaluated the fracture toughness of feldspathic porcelain after incorporation of silver and titanium nanoparticles at varying concentrations (0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.5 wt% and 2 wt%). Methods. Test specimen dimensions were standardized to ASTM C1421–16 standards and a three-point flexure test was carried out to evaluate fracture toughness. A total of 330 samples were fabricated and broadly divided into three groups. Group I (titanium nanoparticles) and group II (silver nanoparticles) were further subdivided into 5 groups (0 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.5 wt% and 2 wt%) for fracture toughness analysis, with each group consisting of 30 samples. Group III contained the superior concentration of both titanium and silver nanoparticles. The fracture toughness (KIC) was calculated using indentation fracture method and microstructure observations were made using scanning electron microscopy. The KIC values were compared and evaluated using one-way ANOVA. Results. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD post hoc test multiple comparisons. The mean values of group I, group II and group III were 1.949 MPa.m1/2, 2.002 MPa.m1/2 and 1.330 MPa.m1/2 , respectively. Conclusion. The results revealed that the samples reinforced with titanium and silver nanoparticles showed significant increases in fracture toughness. The blending of superior concentration of both titanium and silver nanoparticles decreased fracture resistance.

scholarly journals The Effects of Asthma on the Stress Oxidative, Inflammation, and Endothelial Dysfunction Characteristics in Children with Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Arjmand Shabestari ◽  
Pegah Mohaghegh ◽  
Habibeh Kiyanrad ◽  
Fatemeh Imanparast
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Stress Oxidative ◽  
Pai 1

Abstract Background: Pulmonary vascular endothelial activation, inflammation, and stress oxidative have been implicated in adverse clinical outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Although chronic lung problems such as asthma may affect the consequences of pneumonia, the exact mechanism of this effect remains unclear. The present study aimed to assess the effects of asthma on the oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers in children pneumonia.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at Amir Kabir Hospital affiliated to Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. Participants were 25 children with severe CAP and asthma (group I), 25 children with severe CAP (group II), and 25 healthy children (group III) with 2 to 6 years of age. Fasting blood samples were taken to the assay of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1).Results: We observed a significant reduction in TAC in groups I and II (0.997±0.22 and 1.23±0.21 mmol/l, respectively) compared with group III (1.46±0.19 mmol/l). This reduction was significantly higher in group I than in group II. Also, we observed a significant increase in MDA and TNF-α in groups I (2.57±0.40 µmol/l, 6.94±1.61 pg/ml, respectively) and II (6.94±1.61µmol/l, 5.54±1.84 pg/ml, respectively) compared with group III (1.89 ±0.27µmol/l, 3.42±1.32 pg/ml, respectively). The increase in MDA was significantly higher in group I than in group II. VCAM-1 and PAI-1 as endothelial dysfunction biomarkers increased significantly in group I (1.5 ±0.62 mmol/l and 10.52±3.2 AU/ml, respectively) compared with groups II (1.06±0.53 mmol/l and 8.23±3.4 AU/ml, respectively) and III (0.6± 0.35 mmol/l and 2.39 ± 0.83 AU/ml, respectively). Also, VCAM-1 and PAI-1 increased significantly in group II compared with groups III.Conclusions: Asthma can exacerbate the consequences of pneumonia in children by increasing oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction.

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