scholarly journals Medicines Counterfeiting in Africa: A View from Zimbabwe

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. maapoc.0000017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shingai D. Gwatidzo ◽  
Petronella K. Murambinda ◽  
Zivanai Makoni
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Regulatory Authority ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Control Authority

With the sprouting of unregulated outlets on the streets of Zimbabwe, common questions that are raised include: (i) what is the Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ) doing about these street vendors? and (ii) is the law against unregulated markets and proliferation of substandard and falsified (SF) medicines being actively enforced? There is no doubt that this is a new challenge for MCAZ because of the risks involved with SF medicines. Notwithstanding the rather strong regulatory framework for the regulated market that the MCAZ has major control over, and its demonstrable regulatory prowess over the last 20 years as a National Medicines Regulatory Authority (NMRA), MCAZ is increasingly challenged to take a leading role in addressing this rising phenomenon. MCAZ has attempted to address the problem through collaboration with the Zimbabwe Republic Police (ZRP), public education and inspections by port officials at ports of entry. However, the problem still persists. A general lack of concrete qualitative and quantitative data on the commonly encountered SF medicinal products on the Zimbabwe market is another major issue. This is evidently a multi-layered problem and as the Shona adage goes “chara chimwe hachitswanye inda” (loosely translated “one thumb cannot crush all lice”), there is need for engaging local and regional partners in a bid to fulfil the MCAZ's mandate of protecting public health by ensuring medicines and medical devices intended for sale and distribution in Zimbabwe, are safe, effective and of good quality.

Evaluation of the “Respect Not Risk” Firearm Safety Lesson for 3rd-Graders

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 338-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen D. Liller ◽  
Karen Perrin ◽  
Jodi Nearns ◽  
Karen Pesce ◽  
Nancy B. Crane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Student Knowledge ◽  
Firearm Injury ◽  
Pinellas County ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Firearm Safety ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the MORE HEALTH “Respect Not Risk” Firearm Safety Lesson for 3rd-graders in Pinellas County, Florida. Six schools representative of various socioeconomic levels were selected as the test sites. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected. A total of 433 matched pretests/posttests were used to determine the effectiveness of the class in increasing student knowledge about firearm safety. The results revealed a significant increase in the mean scores on the posttest compared with the pretest. Qualitative findings showed the lesson was positively received by both students and teachers, and 65% of responding students reported discussing the lesson with family members. School nurses are encouraged to take a leading role in promoting firearm injury prevention to students.

The View From the Far Side An International Public Health—Primary Care Interface

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Anne Altmann ◽  
Priscilla Robinson ◽  
Tilman Ruff
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, first-hand experience of a three-year project in Indonesia is used to explore the relationship between public health and primary care—disciplines which are too rarely considered in partnership. The Healthy Start for Child Survival Project in Lombok, Indonesia, which has now been running for two years, has integrated them in a way which utilises the strengths of both approaches. The result is a comprehensive series of practical and appropriate health interventions based on the collection of qualitative and quantitative data. Avenues of intervention revolve around active outreach involving both antenatal and postnatal strategies, including strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality from tetanus, hepatitis and acute respiratory infection. The positive effects of these interventions are now visible in the huge improvements to the health status of the local child population. The final stage of the project is designed to identify ways in which the health of the local population can be further improved, and to ensure the sustainability of these interventions after the project has been completed. The extent to which the knowledge gained could be applied to public health and primary care in Australia is discussed.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEMS OF CRIMINALIZATION OF THE SIMILAR CRIMES INVOLVING THREATS TO PUBLIC HEALTH (ARTICLE 8 OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONVENTION ON THE COUNTERFEITING OF MEDICAL PRODUCTS AND SIMILAR CRIMES INVOLVING THREATS TO PUBLIC HEALTH)

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 2733-2736
Author(s):  
Pavlo S. Berzin ◽  
Ivan S. Demchenko ◽  
Anzhela B. Berzina
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Structural Method ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Medical Products ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Intentional Acts ◽  
Active Substances

The aim: Medicrime Convention is a first international treaty against counterfeit medical products and similar crimes involving threats to public health. There are problems in criminalization of those acts that are listed in Art. 8 of the Medicrime Convention because the term of “similar crimes” is absent in the current criminal legislation of Ukraine. Materials and methods: The conducted study is based on the analysis of the provisions of the Medicrime Convention, the criminal legislation of Ukraine. The following methods: dialectical method; hermeneutic method; system-and-structural method; comparative-and-law method were used. Results: Comparison of the provisions of the Medicrime Convention allows to state that crimes in its Articles 5-8 that are different from those provided for in Art. 5-7 of this Convention and form independent types of actions, are at least “placing on the market” of medicinal products and medical devices provided in subparagraph “a” of paragraph 1 of Art. 8 and “commercial use of original documents” specified in subparagraph “b” of paragraph 1 of Art. 8. It's an assumption that Art. 5-8 of the Medicrime Convention provide for such independent types of crimes involving threats to public health as: 1) manufacturing of counterfeit medical products, active substances, excipients, parts, materials and accessories as well as medicinal products, medical devices, active substances and excipients; 2) the supplying, the offering to supply, the brokering, the trafficking, the keeping in stock, importing and exporting of counterfeit medical products, active substances, excipients, parts, materials and accessories; 3) the making of false documents or the act of tampering with documents; 4) placing on the market of medicinal products, medical devices; 5) the commercial use of false documents. Conclusions: The term of “similar crimes” in Art. 8 of the Medicrime Convention covers multi-ordinal intentional acts that constitute different types of independent crimes involving threats to public health, as well as special kinds of some of them. These types of crimes are not the same (identical).

திருக்குறள் கற்றலின் வழி படிவம் 2 மாணவர்களின் உயர்நிலைச் சிந்தனைத் திறனை மேம்படுத்துதல் [THIRUKKURAL KADRALIN VALI PADIVAM 2 MAANAVARKALIN UYARNILAIC SINTANAIT THIRANAI MEEMPADUTTUYAL] (IMPROVING THE LEVEL OF HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS) OF FORM 2 STUDENTS BY LEARNING THIRUKKURAL)

2019 ◽  
pp. 96-110
Author(s):  
Renita Prera Winsen
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Higher Order Thinking ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Higher Order Thinking Skills ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Revised Bloom's Taxonomy ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Data Collections

பேராக் மாநிலத்தில் தைப்பிங் மாவட்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள ஓர் இடைநிலைப்பள்ளியில் திருக்குறள் கற்றலின் வழி படிவம் 2 மாணவர்களின் உயர்நிலைச் சிந்தனைத் திறனை மேம்படுத்தும் முயற்சியில் ஆய்வு மேற்கொள்ளப்பட்டது. தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்ட 10 மாணவர்கள் இந்த ஆய்வில் உட்படுத்தப்பட்டனர். திருக்குறளில் மாணவர்களின் ஆளுமையைக் கண்டறிய அந்த இடைநிலைப்பள்ளியின் தமிழாசிரியரிடம் நேர்காணல் நடத்தப்பட்டது. மாணவர்களின் உயர்நிலைச் சிந்தனைத் திறனை மேம்படுத்த படிவம் 1 மற்றும் படிவம் 2-இல் வரையறுக்கப்பட்ட ஆறு திருக்குறள்கள் தேர்தெடுக்கப்பட்டன. தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்ட திருக்குறள்கள் யாவும் சீரமைக்கப்பட்ட புளூமின் அறிவுசார் முறைப்பாட்டியலின் துணைக்கொண்டு பலதரப்பட கேள்விகள் தயாரிக்கப்பட்டது. ஆறு வாரத் திருக்குறள் வகுப்பிற்குப் பின் இக்கேள்விகள் யாவும் மாணவர்களுக்கு வழங்கப்பட்டன. கேள்விக்கான பதில்களிலிருந்து மாணவர்களின் உயர்நிலைச் சிந்தனைத் திறனில் ஏற்பட்ட மாற்றங்கள் கண்டறியப்பட்டது. ஆய்வின் முடிவாக, முறையான திருக்குறள் கற்றலின் வழி மாணவர்களின் உயர்நிலைச் சிந்தனைத் திறனை மேம்படுத்த முடியும் என்பது உறுதிச் செய்யப்பட்டது. (This study has been conducted with the purpose of improving the level of HOTS (Higher order thinking skills) of Form 2 students through learning Thirukkural. For this study, the Thirukkural, a well-known literary work of Tamil Language was taken. Thus, this research was carried out in a secondary school which is located at Taiping, Perak. The research was carried out under the design of action research. The sample of this study consisted of ten Form 2 students. Besides that, a teacher also interviewed in order to know the students' personality in learning Thirukkural. In this research, the learning process of Thirukkural approach was implemented for 6 weeks. There are 6 couplets of Thirukkural selected according to the syllabus of Form 1 and Form 2. This six couplets of Thirukkural used to test the level of HOTS. The questions were created based on Thirukkural, according to Revised Bloom's Taxonomy. The data of the study was collected through pre-test, the questions asked in Thirukkural classes and post-test via qualitative and quantitative data collection tools. The findings obtained through qualitative and quantitative data collections showed that the level of HOTS through learning Thirukkural among Form 2 students has improved.)

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING PROCEDURE TEXTS THROUGH WORD WEBBING TECHNIQUE

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diah Fauzi Ningtyas ◽  
Lidiman Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Text Word ◽  
Procedure Text ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Planning Action

This study concerns on improving students’ achievement in writing procedure texts through word webbing technique. The research was conducted by using Classroom Action Research (CAR). The population was the 2012-2013 nine grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Batang Kuis. The number of students was 36, consisting of 21 females and 15 males. The procedure of the research was administrated into two cycles where each cycle consisted of three meetings. Each meeting included four steps namely: planning, action, observation, and reflection. There were two kinds of data collected during the study, qualitative and quantitative data. The instrument for collecting the quantitative data was the writing of procedure texts test while the qualitative data were gathered by using interview, diary notes and observation sheet. Based on the data analysis, the mean of students’ score in Test I was 53,47, for the Test II was 63,05, and for the Test III was 75 The qualitative data showed that the students were interested in the applying of Word webbing Technique. The conclusion is that Word Webbing Technique in writing Procedure Texts improves the students’ achievement in writing procedure texts. Keywords: Students’ achievement, writing, procedure text, word webbing

The Path to Adoption and Advocacy: Exploring Dimensions Of Brand Experience and Engagement at Trade Shows

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 871-881
Author(s):  
Pamela A. Kennett-Hensel ◽  
Elyria Kemp ◽  
Kim Williams ◽  
Aberdeen Leila Borders
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Personal Selling ◽  
Brand Experience ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Product Adoption ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Brand Engagement ◽  
Trade Show ◽  
Trade Shows ◽  
Business To Business

Trade shows are typically second only to personal selling in business-to-business promotional expenditures. As a result, trade show attendees are often inundated with product offerings by competing firms. In order to successfully vie for attention, firms must find ways to engage attendees and potential consumers. A key component of engaging with a brand is considering how consumers experience the brand. This research examines the dynamics which enhance brand engagement by understanding the factors which contribute to the brand experience of attendees at trade shows. Both qualitative and quantitative data collected from actual trade show attendees highlight the dimensions of brand experience and indicate that a positive brand experience is related to product adoption, which in turn is related to advocacy for the brand. Considering how to shape the brand experience of consumers in trade show settings enables a brand to successfully compete for attention with other offerings as well as helps to foster engagement levels that eventually lead to positive outcomes for the firm. Implications for considering brand experience as a key element of trade show marketing strategy are discussed.

Sthoulya w.s.r. to Obesity Management - A Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Navyashree KL ◽  
Dr. Manjunatha Adiga
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
New World ◽  
Obesity Management ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Results Management ◽  
Individual Disease

Background: New world syndrome like obesity is one of the world’s oldest metabolic disorders is heading for the rocks with various reasons like urbanization and modernization. Though obesity and over weight is not affecting much to a person for daily living, the complication of which has become burning issue in the society. Aim and Objective: To assess the efficacy of Shamanoushadi along with Pathya Ahara Vihara. Methods: Guduchi Bhadraadi Kashaya, Hareetaki Churna and Pathya Ahara Vihara. Results: Management of Sthoulya with Pathya Ahara Vihara along with Shamanoushadi was effective in all qualitative and quantitative data. Discussion: The drug possessing Rooksha Guna, Kaphahara property counteracts Sthoulya. Conclusion: Our classics with variety of treatment to individual disease suggest the stages or condition that disease can cross over

Review of form 483s and warning letters to pharmaceutical manufacturers issued by USFDA

2021 ◽  
pp. 174113432110235
Author(s):  
Chandan Saini ◽  
Ashish Miglani ◽  
Pankaj Musyuni ◽  
Geeta Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Regulatory Authority ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers ◽  
The World ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
A Company ◽  
Responsible Person

Regular inspections are carried out to ensure system conformity by the Food and Drugs Regulatory Authority (FDA) of the United States one of the most stringent regulatory authorities in the world. The inspectors send Form 483 to the management after the inspection, detailing the inappropriate conditions. Because the FDA guidelines are difficult to comply with, a company can contravene the regulations. If any significant infringements can affect the protection, quality, effectiveness, or public health of the drug is identified, the FDA issues advice to the company. Warning Letters (WL) shall be an official notification of non-compliance with federal law within a period to be issued by manufacturer, clinician, distributor, or responsible person in the company. The delivery of a letter has a considerable impact on the company's reputation and position in the market. Inadequate WL reactions could lead to a refusal, import denial, memorandum or even conviction and order. A brief study was conducted in this document of Form 483 and WL for four years (2017–2020) on an understanding the regulatory provisions.

scholarly journals Regulation EU 2017/745 on medical devices – implementation analysis in Portugal by the distributors

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Vilaça
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Public Health Action ◽  
Study Implementation ◽  
Implementation Analysis

Abstract The Regulation responds to legislation failures in the European regulatory framework on medical devices (MD), which in turn led to public health issues. Two media scandals triggered the final actions on the elaboration of this EU Regulation, which was already being thought off in a context of fast MD development, and on the commitment of member-states to harmonize legislation in order to better manage resources. This Regulation is expected to address detected gaps, and contribute to the protection of European citizens' health by ensuring high quality and safety of MD, through advocating for more transparency, vigilance, and traceability. A technique to evaluate policies is the implementation analysis, as it links theory and practice. By understanding it, it is possible to ascertain if, in fact, the Regulation will contribute, as proposed, to improve public health. The implementation analysis framework I developed can be used in other countries affected by this Regulation, and may even be extrapolated to other scenarios. Entry into force 25/05/17.Full application 05/20. This qualitative study uses document analysis and semi-structured interviews to collect data, and literature review to frame the situation and to study implementation analysis. The questions are: identify the facilitators and resistance points of the implementation; explore perceptions of the Portuguese MD distributors; understand the policy implementation pathway; and have a picture of the implementation status in Portugal. The results can be summarized as: implementers are interested in complying with the Regulation; there is stakeholder involvement in policy making and throughout the implementation process; the main points of resistance, difficulties and the facilitators are identified; and the Regulation is being implemented according to the timelines. The public health action brought by the policy is that each economic operator is an active actor on vigilance and patient safety across MD lifecycle. Key messages If we are interested in the extent to which a particular polity is able to solve the problems with which it is confronted, we need to study the way in which the law is executed in practice. Focus on the effective implementation of the new regulatory framework on medical devices to protect patients and ensure it addresses new and emerging challenges.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document