The Effects of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemoperfusion on Colonic Anastomosis: An Experimental Study in a Rat Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afag Aghayeva ◽  
Cigdem Benlice ◽  
Ismail Ahmet Bilgin ◽  
Pinar Atukeren ◽  
Gulen Dogusoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Colonic Anastomosis ◽  
Colorectal Anastomosis ◽  
Sigmoid Resection ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Bursting Pressure ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2

Introduction Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with subsequent hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a promising modality to treat and prevent peritoneal metastases. However, this treatment is associated with signficant morbidity and mortality. Whether or not CRS with HIPEC interferes with anastomotic healing has also been debated. This study was designed to investigate the effects of mitomycin C, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and doxorubicin used in HIPEC treatment on colonic anastomosis healing in a rat model. Methods Sixty Wistar albino rats were employed in the study. Sigmoid resection and end-to-end colorectal anastomosis was performed in all rats. Group 1 rats underwent the surgical procedure alone, while group 2 rats were given hyperthermic intraperitoneal lavage with heated saline following surgery. Groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 had surgery with concomitant HIPEC treatment with mitomycin C, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and doxorubicin, respectively. Anastomotic bursting pressures and hydroxyproline levels were evaluated. Results Regarding the hydroxyproline levels, groups 1 and 2 showed significantly higher values than other groups (p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the HIPEC treatment groups (groups 3, 4, 5, and 6) (p>0.05). When groups were compared regarding bursting pressure values, no significant differences were observed (p = 0.81). Conclusions This study demonstrated that the HIPEC procedure with mitomycin C, cisplatin, oxaliplatin and doxorubicin had negative effects on hydroxyproline levels, but had no detrimental effect on anastomotic bursting pressure in a rat model.

The effects of psychological counseling and acupressure based on couple therapy procedure for alleviation of vomiting and nausea in pregnant women in Iran country

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Saadatnia ◽  
Azita Tiznobaik ◽  
Amir Saber
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Couple Therapy ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Psychological Counseling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Objectives Nausea and vomiting have psychological negative effects on some pregnant women during gestation. Different strategies have been used for the treatment of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, such as acupressure and psychological interventions. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of psychological counseling and acupressure based on couple therapy procedures on vomiting and nausea in pregnant women in Iran. Methods Two hundred and eight women were divided into four groups (n=52): 1) they did not any intervention (control group), 2) they received the psychological intervention, 3) they received acupressure intervention, and 4) they received a combination of psychological + acupressure interventions. To investigate the effects of interventions on nausea and vomiting, the Rhodes index of nausea, vomiting and retching were used. The counseling period has lasted for 4 weeks. The pressure intervention on the site was conducted in clockwise form for 1 min and anticlockwise form for another 1 min. Results Groups did not have a significant difference for abortion and income (p>0.05). The effects of counseling, and acupressure interventions on severity and period of vomiting and nausea were not significant (p>0.05), but the intervention based on counseling and acupressure decreased severity of vomiting and nausea (p<0.05). Conclusions The intervention based on counseling and acupressure could not reduce nausea and vomiting during the gestation, but the intervention based on a combination of both decreased nausea and vomiting. It can be suggested to apply an intervention based on a combination of counseling and acupressure in short-time period for decreasing nausea and vomiting in women during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Tetracalcium Phosphate Treatment on Experimental Fracture Model in Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burak Kaymaz ◽  
Onur Yılmaz ◽  
Ali Osman Taşova ◽  
Doğukan Anapa
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Bone Union ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
Tetracalcium Phosphate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Additional Procedure ◽  
Phosphate Treatment ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Abstract Background: Studies have shown that bioactive cements have beneficial bone-forming effects. Our objective in the present study is to investigate the efficacy of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) on fracture healing in rat femur.Materials and methods: Forty-two female Wistar Albino rats randomized into two groups (groups 1 and 2, n=21 for each). The left femur of all animals was fractured by osteotomy after deep anesthesia with ketamine. Additional procedure was not applied to the rats in group 1. Rats in Group 2, following osteotomy were applied to the fracture line approximately 2 cc TTCP. The animals were sacrificed on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd post-operative weeks (each week 7 animals were sacrificed from each group) and the broken femur were removed. The femur were examined first radiographically and second, histopathologically.Results: Radiologically, callus maturity and bone union increased with time in both groups. But no significant differences were found regarding callus maturity and bone union in weekly comparisons (Anteroposterior plain: p:0.53, p:0.37, p:0.42, Lateral plain p:0.26, p:0.42, p:0.87). Histopathologically, the fractures healed normally as the weeks progressed in both groups. In the comparison of both groups, no significant difference was found outside the 1st week, although the histological scores of group 2, who were treated for all weeks, were higher in terms of fracture healing (p:0,024, p:104,p:462).Conclusions: Although no significant difference was found in the comparison of both groups except for the first week, the histological scores of the group 2 who received TTCP in all weeks were higher in terms of fracture healing. According to the results of this study, we think that TTCP can be useful especially in the early stages of fracture healing.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Mechanical Integrity Testing in Stapled Large Bowel: Methylene Blue Leak Test Is Not Inferior to Air Leak Test

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Marius Kryzauskas ◽  
Austeja Elzbieta Degutyte ◽  
Vilius Abeciunas ◽  
Beatrice Lukenaite ◽  
Eugenijus Jasiunas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Colorectal Anastomosis ◽  
Linear Stapler ◽  
Bursting Pressure ◽  
Air Leak ◽  
Leak Test ◽  
Pressure Monitor ◽  
Mechanical Integrity ◽  
Air Leak Test ◽  
Significant Difference

<b><i>Background/Objectives:</i></b> Anastomotic leakage remains the most devastating postoperative complication in colorectal surgery. The mechanical integrity of the newly formed colorectal anastomosis can be evaluated by visual inspection intraoperatively; both air leak and liquid leak tests are also used to evaluate the integrity of stapled colorectal anastomoses. It is not clear whether double-stapled anastomoses are more prone to leaks than single-stapled anastomoses. The aim of our study was to compare the methylene blue and the air leak test in the experimental setting of single-stapled and double-stapled porcine bowels. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Twenty-four distal colons were excised from slaughtered pigs without delay. The proximal bowel end was closed with a linear stapler using blue cartridges. The bowels were randomly divided into single-stapled or double-stapled groups. Air leak and methylene blue leak tests were performed. A digital pressure monitor with a gradual pressure increase function was used to both gradually increase pressure within the bowel and to determine the pressure at which the stapler line disintegrated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Air leakage occurred at a mean pressure of 51.62 (±16.60) mm Hg and methylene blue leakage occurred at 46.54 (±16.78) mm Hg (<i>p</i> = 0.31). The air and methylene blue leaks occurred at comparable pressures in single-stapled bowels and in double-stapled bowels (47.21 [±14.02] mm Hg vs. 50.96 [±19.15] mm Hg, <i>p</i> = 0.6). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The methylene blue solution leak test is not inferior to the air leak test. There is no significant difference in bursting pressure between single-stapled and double-stapled anastomoses.

scholarly journals Strontium Chloride: Can It Be a New Treatment Option for Ulcerative Colitis?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firdevs Topal ◽  
Ozlem Yonem ◽  
Nevin Tuzcu ◽  
Mehmet Tuzcu ◽  
Hilmi Ataseven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Strontium Chloride ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Background/Aims. Patients with ulcerative colitis still need effective therapy without major side effects. It has been found that strontium can suppress NFκB activation induced by TNF-α. This opens a gate to a new anti-TNF agent which is cheap and can be given orally. We for the first time aimed to investigate the effect of strontium chloride (SrCl2) on inflammation in experimental colitis.Methods. Thirty female Wistar albino rats were divided into 5 groups each containing 6 rats. The rats in groups 1 and 2 served as the healthy control and colitis group, respectively. The rats in groups 3, 4, and 5 had colitis and received 40 mg/kg SrCl2, 160 mg/kg SrCl2, and 1 mg/kg prednisolone by oral gavage, respectively. The rats were sacrificed for histological evaluation and determination of serum neopterin, TNF-α, and IFN-γlevels.Results. The neopterin, TNF-αand IFNγlevels of group 2 was significantly higher than the other groups. The neopterin, TNF-α, and IFN-γlevels of controls and other treatment groups were comparable. There were a significant difference in macroscopic and microscopic healing between group 2 and other groups histologically. But there was not a significant difference within treatment receiving groups.Conclusion. SrCl2had comparable therapeutic efficiency with prednisolone.

scholarly journals Ivermectin Protects against Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity in the Rat

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Rotimi O. Arise ◽  
Abimbola K. Arise ◽  
Oluwole I. Oyewole ◽  
Sylvia O. Malomo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Summary Monosodium glutamate (MSG), an established excitotoxic food additive, has been found to induce oxidative stress in all tissues. To examine the protective effects of ivermectin on MSG-induced excitotoxicity, 28 male albino rats were randomized into four groups. Group 1, the control, received 1 ml of oral distilled water, group 2 was administered an aqueous solution of MSG (4 mg/kg body weight/day). Group 3 was co-administered with the same dose of MSG and 0.4 mg/kg body weight of ivermectin, while group 4 rats received orally the same dose of MSG for 2 weeks, after which ivermectin was administered orally for 1 week. Administration of MSG orally for 21 days and for 14 days, followed by oral administration of ivermectin for 7 days, significantly increased (p < 0.05) glutathione-S-transferase, nitric oxide synthase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities as well as malondialdehyde and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations while Na+ - K+ - ATPase, Ca2+ - Mg2+ - ATPase, acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) compared to the control. However, co-administration of MSG and ivermectin for 21 days did not show any significant difference (p > 0.05) in all the parameters studied compared to the control. This result suggests that ivermectin may protect against MSG-induced excitotoxicity in rats.

Viscocanalostomy with Mitomycin-C: A Preliminary Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yarangümeli ◽  
ö. Gürbüz Köz ◽  
M.N. Alp ◽  
A.H. Elhan ◽  
G. Kural
Keyword(s):  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Surgical Success ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Conjunctival Bleb ◽  
Group 1

Purpose To compare the results of viscocanalostomy with and without mitomycin-C (MMC). Methods Retrospective results of 15 standard viscocanalostomy (VCO) operations (Group 1) were compared with the prospective results of 15 VCO operations performed with intraoperative adjunctive MMC (Group 2). MMC (0.2 mg/mL) was applied over and under the superficial scleral flap for 3 minutes in Group 2 before the deep flap was prepared. Each patient was followed up for at least 1 year, and results of examinations in the first 12 months were used in the statistical comparison of the two groups. Surgical success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤ 18 mmHg. Results Pr eoperative mean intraocular pressures (IOP) in Group 1 and Group 2 wer e 35.3±11.0 and 39.1±8.9, respectively. Mean IOP levels at the 12th month were 14.4±2.6 and 11.9±4.0, respectively, showing a significant decrease in both groups (p<0.001). Postoperative IOP course appeared to be lower in the MMC group, however, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.554). Complete success rates without medications were 40% in Group 1 and 67% in Group 2. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of early and late postoperative complications, pre- and postoperative number of antiglaucoma medications, and surgical success rates at the end of the study period (p>0.05 for all). A significant difference was verified between the two groups of eyes considering the conjunctival bleb types, as low-lying, localized blebs were the most frequent type in Group 1 and thin-walled, avascular blebs were more predominant in the MMC group (p=0.004). Conclusions Intraoperative adjunctive MMC use might improve the long-term results of viscocanalostomy by facilitating subconjunctival filtration and might widen the indication range of the technique.

scholarly journals A New Non-Uremic Rat Model of Long-Term Peritoneal Dialysis

2011 ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-M. PENG ◽  
Z.-J. SHU ◽  
L. XIAO ◽  
L. SUN ◽  
W.-B. TANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Glucose Group

Together with the development of peritoneal dialysis (PD), appropriate animal models play an important role in the investigation of physiological, pathophysiological and clinical aspects of PD. However, there is still not an ideal experimental PD animal model. In this study, 45 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 (n=15) was receiving daily peritoneal injection through the catheter connected to the abdominal cavity, using PD solution containing 3.86 % D-glucose. Group 2 (n=15) was receiving daily peritoneal injection of 0.9 % physiological saline through a catheter. Group 3 (n=15), which was subjected to sham operation, served as controls. Our results showed that WBC counts in peritoneal effluent of Group 1 were slightly higher than those of Group 2 and control group, respectively (p<0.05). However, there was no episode of infection in any group. In addition, there was no significant difference in neutrophils fractions among these three groups. Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining demonstrated a dramatic increase in thickness of the mesothelium-to-muscle layer of peritoneum exposed to high glucose (Group 1) compared to Group 2 and controls (p<0.01). These data indicated that we established a novel rat model of PD with a modified catheter insertion method. This model is more practical, easy to operate, not too expensive and it will facilitate the investigate of long-term effects of PD.

scholarly journals The metabolic disorders associated with chronic consumption of soft and energy drinks in rats*

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba M. Eltahir ◽  
Ghadi Alamri ◽  
Asmaa Alamri ◽  
Asmaa Aloufi ◽  
Maiiada Nazmy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Group 2

Background: Energy Drinks (EDs) and Soft Drinks (SDs) are widely consumed among adolescents and young adults. These drinks contain variable amounts of caffeine which is a central nervous system stimulator; in addition to sugar, taurine, vitamins and herbal extracts. Several adverse effects have been reported for the excessive consumption of caffeine and sugar. Aim: This work aimed at providing a comparison between the effect of chronic consumption of both drinks on metabolism biochemically as well as at the histopathological level. Methods: Adult albino rats were randomly divided into three groups and treated for 4 weeks. Animals received water (control, group 1), 12.5 ml/kg/day of either Pepsi® (SD, group 2) or Power Horse® (ED, group 3). All animals had free access to water and standard animal chow. Results: ED and SD groups showed a significant weight gain compared to control. ED animals showed a significant increase in serum urea, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in comparison to control and SD groups. Serum uric acid significantly increased in ED and SD groups. ED group showed congestion and inflammation in their renal tissues in addition to splenomegaly and increased phagocyte infiltration. Conclusion: The high caffeine-sugar content in ED exerts a more significant influence on the metabolic pathways than SDs. Both increase the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and tissue inflammation due to their effect on lipid profile and blood glucose. The other ingredients in EDs may play a role in the observed metabolic disturbances. Chronic use of EDs should be especially discouraged to avoid these negative effects.

scholarly journals Preventive Effects of Dexmedetomidine on the Liver in a Rat Model of Acid-Induced Acute Lung Injury

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velat Şen ◽  
Abdulmenap Güzel ◽  
Hadice Selimoğlu Şen ◽  
Aydın Ece ◽  
Ünal Uluca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Tissue Specimens

The aim of this study was to examine whether dexmedetomidine improves acute liver injury in a rat model. Twenty-eight male Wistar albino rats weighing 300–350 g were allocated randomly to four groups. In group 1, normal saline (NS) was injected into the lungs and rats were allowed to breathe spontaneously. In group 2, rats received standard ventilation (SV) in addition to NS. In group 3, hydrochloric acid was injected into the lungs and rats received SV. In group 4, rats received SV and 100 µg/kg intraperitoneal dexmedetomidine before intratracheal HCl instillation. Blood samples and liver tissue specimens were examined by biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical methods. Acute lung injury (ALI) was found to be associated with increased malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant activity (TOA), oxidative stress index (OSI), and decreased total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Significantly decreased MDA, TOA, and OSI levels and significantly increased TAC levels were found with dexmedetomidine injection in group 4 (P<0.05). The highest histologic injury scores were detected in group 3. Enhanced hepatic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and reduced CD68 expression were found in dexmedetomidine group compared with the group 3. In conclusion, the presented data provide the first evidence that dexmedetomidine has a protective effect on experimental liver injury induced by ALI.

scholarly journals Non-Heme Iron Content and Antioxidant Activities of Wistar Rats Fed Aqueous Extract of Elaeis guineensis (Banga Soup) Cooked Using Different Utensils

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1071-1077
Author(s):  
E.J. Otuaga ◽  
J. Okpoghono ◽  
B.O. George
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Heme Iron ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Non Heme Iron ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Cooking utensils may leach toxic metals or trace elements into food. Iron is an essential nutrient and both iron deficiency and iron excess can affect optimal health. The aim of the study was to determine non-heme iron (NHI) and some antioxidant parameters of rats fed banga soup (BS) prepared using different utensils. Twentyfive Wistar albino rats were used for the study. They were allowed to acclimatize for one week before commencement of the experiment. Group 1 served as control. Rats in Group 2, 3, 4 and 5 were administered BS cooked using cast iron pot (CIP), aluminium pot (AP), blended mixture (BM) of BS and aqueous tween 80 respectively. Rats in Group 1 to 5 received tap water daily and standard laboratory diet (feed) throughout the experiment period of 28 days. There were no significant difference in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, albumin (Alb) and total protein (TP) in the serum and liver of the entire experimental Groups. Significant decrease were observed in total phenol content (TPC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and ascorbic oxidase (AO) activity in the serum and NHI content in the serum, liver and kidney of Group 2, 3 and 4 when compared with Group 1 and 5. Keywords: Banga soup; non-heme iron; antioxidant; aluminium pot; cast iron pot

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