《徐霞客遊記》的西南書寫：以異族敘述為探論核心

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (37) ◽  
pp. 251-280
Author(s):  
范宜如 范宜如
Keyword(s):  
Southwest China ◽  
Knowledge Transmission ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Geographic Position ◽  
Emotional Dimensions ◽  
Shed Light

<p>中國西南地域以獨特之地理位置輻輳著民族、貿易、帝國權力與異域知識等人文面向，而明代文人關於西南地域之紀遊書寫，則因應文人的書寫位置、文類特質展現其文學意蘊與文化視野。其中《徐霞客遊記》已成經典，有「徐學」之稱，值得深入追索。除了華夷對舉的批判性思考，以及文人心態的反身性理解之外，如何在史料鋪陳中發現新意，闡述文學本質及人與空間的互動，是值得關注的部分。本文以徐弘祖進入西南地域的行動探索與紀實表述為核心，聚焦於異族的文化接觸，呈現紀遊文學的情感內蘊及感覺結構，並藉此反思徐弘祖的書寫位置，審視其西南知識之構成。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Occupying a unique geographic position, Southwest China has witnessed frequent ethnic encounters, trade exchanges, empire power expansions, and foreign knowledge transmission. It is in this region that Ming intellectuals composed travelogues offering remarkable literary/cultural insights, and Xu Xiake youji is one such classic. In fact, such is the influence of this travelogue that a scholarly field named Xuxue has been developed for its further investigation. In addition to Han/non-Han dualistic critical considering and intellectual self-reflection, it is also significant to delve into the subtle connotations in this travelogue and how the writer depicted the literary essence along with the human-space interactions. This paper will center on Xu Hongzu&rsquo;s explorations and narrations in the southwest, and shed light on Xu&rsquo;s cultural contacts with non-Han people. By doing so, we can reveal the travelogue&rsquo;s emotional dimensions and its structure of feelings, thus reconsidering Xu&rsquo;s writing position and the make-up of his discourse of southwestern knowledge, experience, and imagination.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals The Empire Tweets Back? #HumanitarianStarWars and Memetic Self-Critique in the Aid Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 205630511988865
Author(s):  
Peter Chonka
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Pop Culture ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Still Images ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Star Wars ◽  
Shed Light

In 2015, a series of memes appeared on Twitter under the hashtag #HumanitarianStarWars. Combining still images from the original Star Wars movies with ironic references to humanitarian/development jargon and institutions, the memes presented a humorous reflection on the modern aid industry. While memetic content has become an increasingly scrutinized area in digital culture studies—particularly with regard to unbounded and anonymous online communities, and popular discursive contestation—this article examines #HumanitarianStarWars to shed light on the possibilities and problematics of social media auto-critique undertaken by “insiders” in a particular professional realm. Keeping in mind critiques of the racial and imperial connotations of the (Western) pop-culture mythology itself, the article explores the use of the Star Wars franchise as a vehicle for commentary on an industry at work in the “Global South.” It highlights an ambiguous process of meaning-making that can be traced through the memes’ generation, circulation, and re-mediation. Although the memes provide a satirical self-reflection on practitioners’ experiences and perspectives of power relations in the global development industry, certain tendencies emerge in their remixing of this Hollywood universe that may reinforce some of the dynamics that they ostensibly critique. The article argues that examination of the ideological ambivalence of an institutional micro-meme can yield valuable insights into tensions playing out in professional social media spaces where public/private boundaries are increasingly and irrevocably blurred.

Emotional geographies of irregular transmigrants’ journeys

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalia Campos-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Central American ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
Emotional Dimension ◽  
Emotional Geographies ◽  
Emotional Dimensions ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Migratory Process ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Migrants’ journeys involve geopolitical, corporeal, and emotional dimensions. Yet, emotions, which are fundamental to understand the migrant experience, are usually overlooked. Following the ‘emotional geographies’ approach, this article analyses the spatial contextualisation of the affective and emotional experiences of irregular migrants in transit. Cognitive mapping methodology is proposed as a means to address the spatial and subjective dimensions of migrants’ experiences. The ‘testimonial maps’ of two Central American transmigrants in Mexico are explored. The emotional geographies of irregular transmigration underscore the emotional turmoil associated with the irregular migratory process(es). They shed light to the familiar arrangements made before the journey, the natural landscape as part of the control, the encounters with agents of the state and criminal actors, the sanctuary places, the acquaintances and fortuitous friendships, the resilience and adaptability needed for endure the journey, and, beneath all this, the multi-emotional dimension of the journey: love, sorrow, shame, courage, anxiety, fear, trust, kindness, and hope.

A Corpus-Based Comparison of Self-Reflection Modalities in Process-Oriented Translator Training

2015 ◽  
pp. 346-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Angelone
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Pedagogical Tools ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Translator Training ◽  
Recording Analysis ◽  
Process Oriented ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Student Problem

In recent years, process-oriented translator training has gained popularity among trainers and trainees alike, thanks to new, user-friendly pedagogical tools geared towards fostering cognizance of problems and problem-solving. This chapter reports on a corpus-based exploratory study that set out to document variation in student problem-solving discourse when utilizing Integrated Problem and Decision Reporting logs and screen recordings as self-reflection tools. Variation was observed between the two self-reflection modalities, particularly in the domains of the textual level and locus (comprehension, transfer, or production) of problem solving. The discourse generated by students when using screen recording for self-reflection is suggestive of a multi-layered, granular approach, which may, in part, shed light on why screen-recording analysis has proven to be particularly efficacious for the purposes of error detection and mitigation.

scholarly journals Offspring sex preferences among patrilineal and matrilineal Mosuo in Southwest China revealed by differences in parity progression

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 160526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobhán M. Mattison ◽  
Bret Beheim ◽  
Bridget Chak ◽  
Peter Buston
Keyword(s):  
Southwest China ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Parity Progression ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Sex Preferences ◽  
Offspring Sex ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Matrilineal Inheritance

Son preference predominates in China, yet there are patterned exceptions to this rule. In this paper, we test whether lineality (patrilineal versus matrilineal inheritance and descent) is associated with son versus daughter preference among the ethnic Mosuo (Na) of Southwest China. Our results show (i) an increased probability of continued fertility among matrilineal women after having a son compared with a daughter and (ii) an increased probability of continued fertility among patrilineal women after having a daughter compared with a son. These results are consistent with son preference among patrilineal Mosuo and more muted daughter preference among the matrilineal Mosuo. Furthermore, we show (iii) the lowest probability of continued fertility at parity 2 once women have one daughter and one son across both systems, suggesting that preferences for at least one of each sex exist alongside preferences for the lineal sex. The Mosuo are the only known small-scale society in which two kinship systems distinguish sub-groups with many otherwise shared cultural characteristics. We discuss why this, in conjunction with differences in subsistence, may shed light on the evolutionary underpinnings of offspring sex preferences.

Why do Chinese employees engage in building supervisor-subordinate guanxi?

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Ren ◽  
Charles Weizheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Individual Perception ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Behavioral Perspective ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose This paper aims to explore why some Chinese subordinates will engage in building guanxi with their supervisor while others will not. The authors conceptualize subordinates’ initiative behaviors which aim at building up or improving guanxi with their supervisors through social interactions as supervisor–subordinate guanxi (SSG)-building behaviors. Guided by the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study examines how three psychological antecedents (guanxi orientation as attitude, individual perception of group-level guanxi practice as subjective norm and person–supervisor [P-S] fit perception as perceived control) independently and interactively predict subordinates’ SSG-building behaviors. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a sample of 162 supervisor–subordinate dyads from four enterprises located in Southwest China. Findings Results indicated that P-S fit perception is most strongly related to subordinates’ SSG-building behaviors, followed by guanxi orientation and individual perception of group-level guanxi practice perception. Guanxi orientation is also found to strengthen the positive effect of P-S fit perception on subordinates’ SSG-building behaviors. Originality/value The authors’ findings shed light on the psychological mechanisms of Chinese subordinates’ behaviors to build up or improve guanxi with their supervisors, and advance the current understanding of SSG development from a planned behavioral perspective.

scholarly journals The assessment for the year abroad programme: how to incorporate language, culture, and personal development

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Kazuki Morimoto
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Evaluation Report ◽  
Cultural Understanding ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Keyword Analysis ◽  
The University ◽  
Shed Light

This chapter will discuss how a Year Abroad (YA) assessment can incorporate language progress, cultural understanding, and personal development by showcasing the Interim Self-Reflection Evaluation Report (ISER), which was introduced in 2017-2018 as a piece of assessment for the YA in Japan at the University of Leeds. At the end of their first semester, the students were required to write a reflective report on their progress and challenges related to their academic, linguistic, intercultural, and personal development, using both Japanese and English. Keyword analysis of the content revealed what aspects the students primarily focused on. Further qualitative analysis also shed light on their successful endeavours to enhance their confidence, on how they viewed their own weaknesses, and on changes in their self-perception.

scholarly journals The Paradox of Representation and the Problem with Recognition: What Does it Mean to be Visible?

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Dixon ◽  
Jennifer Peachey
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Special Edition ◽  
Modes Of Representation ◽  
Representational Politics ◽  
Emotional Dimensions ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Legal Processes

In many contexts, political and social representation is equated with ‘having been made visible’ and recognition conflated with ‘having been seen’. People’s attempts to express or define themselves in socio-cultural and legal processes hinge upon making themselves visible as they seek recognition from those who dominate them. Such claims often have to be made within a model of vision and visibility that is beyond a person’s control. Excluded from the possibility of rendering oneself ‘visible’ in the manner in which one wishes, a person may paradoxically be coercively included in a given paradigm through an over-determination of representation. That is, in order to be visible and socially legible, people are forced to ‘appear’ as stereotypes or socio-cultural categories which they do not feel truly represent them and so confers a false political recognition. We seek to explore the emotional and experiential implications of being simultaneously ‘excluded’ and ‘included’ from a cultural, social or legal framework. Some of the questions that we seek to address in this issue are: How can we challenge assumptions of what vision ‘is’ and ‘does’ in political and academic notions of ‘representation’ and ‘recognition’? What are the experiential and emotional dimensions of simultaneously being ‘excluded’ from and ‘included’ in modes of representation? How can academics work with other professionals in contesting representational politics and the construction of subjectivity this implies?   In this special edition of Anthropology Matters, Contributors utilise the juxtaposition of photographs and text, words and drawings to explore these questions. In so doing, they shed light on the issues that arise when processes of representation and recognition become irrevocably entwined with notions of visibility.    

scholarly journals Acquiring Aristotelian Virtue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafsika Athanassoulis
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Emotional Maturity ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Know How ◽  
Empathic Understanding ◽  
Virtuous Agent ◽  
Direct Model ◽  
Shed Light

This chapter examines the role of the virtuous agent in the acquisition of virtue. It rejects the view of the virtuous agent as a direct model for imitation and instead focuses on recent research on the importance of phronesis. Phronesis is understood as a type of moral “know-how”—expertise that is supported by a variety of abilities, from emotional maturity, to self-reflection, to an empathic understanding of what moves others, to an ability to see beyond the surface and understand the complexities of human behavior. If we want to acquire virtue, instead of focusing on the virtuous agent as such, we should be trying to understand the abilities exemplified by his phronesis. As part of this project, the author also considers philosophers who seek inspiration from the empirical sciences to shed light on how phronetic expertise is developed and what relevance this may have for moral education.

Elucidating cyclic AMP signaling in subcellular domains with optogenetic tools and fluorescent biosensors

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1733-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Klausen ◽  
Fabian Kaiser ◽  
Birthe Stüven ◽  
Jan N. Hansen ◽  
Dagmar Wachten
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclases ◽  
Temporal Precision ◽  
Fluorescent Biosensors ◽  
Subcellular Domains ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Cyclic Amp Signaling

The second messenger 3′,5′-cyclic nucleoside adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays a key role in signal transduction across prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Cyclic AMP signaling is compartmentalized into microdomains to fulfil specific functions. To define the function of cAMP within these microdomains, signaling needs to be analyzed with spatio-temporal precision. To this end, optogenetic approaches and genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors are particularly well suited. Synthesis and hydrolysis of cAMP can be directly manipulated by photoactivated adenylyl cyclases (PACs) and light-regulated phosphodiesterases (PDEs), respectively. In addition, many biosensors have been designed to spatially and temporarily resolve cAMP dynamics in the cell. This review provides an overview about optogenetic tools and biosensors to shed light on the subcellular organization of cAMP signaling.

Sentence-Based Experience Logging in New Hearing Aid Users

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3S) ◽  
pp. 631-637
Author(s):  
Katja Lund ◽  
Rodrigo Ordoñez ◽  
Jens Bo Nielsen ◽  
Dorte Hammershøi
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Patient Experiences ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Hearing Rehabilitation ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose The aim of this study was to develop a tool to gain insight into the daily experiences of new hearing aid users and to shed light on aspects of aided performance that may not be unveiled through standard questionnaires. Method The tool is developed based on clinical observations, patient experiences, expert involvement, and existing validated hearing rehabilitation questionnaires. Results An online tool for collecting data related to hearing aid use was developed. The tool is based on 453 prefabricated sentences representing experiences within 13 categories related to hearing aid use. Conclusions The tool has the potential to reflect a wide range of individual experiences with hearing aid use, including auditory and nonauditory aspects. These experiences may hold important knowledge for both the patient and the professional in the hearing rehabilitation process.

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