Tolerability of Lomustine in Combination with Cyclophosphamide in Dogs with Lymphoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Rassnick ◽  
Dennis B. Bailey ◽  
Erin K. Malone ◽  
Andrea B. Flory ◽  
Michael A. Kiselow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Renal Toxicity ◽  
Hemorrhagic Cystitis ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
The Mean

This retrospective study describes toxicity associated with a protocol of lomustine (CCNU) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) in dogs with lymphoma. CCNU was administered per os (PO) at a targeted dosage of 60 mg/m2 body surface area on day 0, CTX was administered PO at a targeted dosage of 250 mg/m2 divided over days 0 through 4, and all dogs received prophylactic antibiotics. Ninety treatments were given to the 57 dogs included in the study. Neutropenia was the principal toxic effect, and the overall frequency of grade 4 neutropenia after the first treatment of CCNU/CTX was 30% (95% confidence interval, 19–43%). The mean body weight of dogs with grade 4 neutropenia (19.7 kg ± 13.4 kg) was significantly less than the mean body weight of dogs that did not develop grade 4 neutropenia (31.7 kg ± 12.4 kg; P = .005). One dog (3%) developed hematologic changes suggestive of hepatotoxicity. No dogs had evidence of either renal toxicity or hemorrhagic cystitis. Adverse gastrointestinal effects were uncommon. On the basis of the findings reported herein, a dose of 60 mg/m2 of CCNU combined with 250 mg/m2 of CTX (divided over 5 days) q 4 wk is tolerable in tumor-bearing dogs.

Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Presumptively Normal Canine Sternal Lymph Nodes

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Iwasaki ◽  
Takashi Mori ◽  
Yusuke Ito ◽  
Mifumi Kawabe ◽  
Mami Murakmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Short Axis ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT The sternal lymph nodes receive drainage from a wide variety of structures in the thoraco-abdominal region. Evaluation of these lymph nodes is essential, especially in cancer patients. Computed tomography (CT) can detect sternal lymph nodes more accurately than radiography or ultrasonography, and the criteria of the sternal lymphadenopathy are unknown. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the CT characteristics of the sternal lymph nodes in dogs considered unlikely to have lymphadenopathy. The ratio of the short axis dimension of the sternal lymph nodes to the thickness of the second sternebra was also investigated. At least one sternal lymph node was identified in each of the 152 dogs included in the study. The mean long axis and short axis dimensions were 0.700 cm and 0.368 cm, respectively. The mean ratio of the sternal lymph nodes to the second sternebrae was 0.457, and the 95% prediction interval ranged from 0.317 to 0.596 (almost a fixed value independent of body weight). These findings will be useful when evaluating sternal lymphadenopathy using CT.

scholarly journals Ultrasound findings in lateral elbow tendinopathy: A retrospective analysis of radiological tendon features

F1000Research ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Guillermo Droppelmann ◽  
Felipe Feijoo ◽  
Cristobal Greene ◽  
Manuel Tello ◽  
Julio Rosales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Tendon Tear ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
Lateral Elbow ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy

Background: Lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET) is prevalent in the upper extremity, with various therapeutic options. Understanding the types and the relations between the radiological tendon features would help to develop more specific treatments. This study reviewed ultrasound exams of LET to investigate the types of degenerative findings and the relationships between them in one of the most prominent sports medicine clinics in Latin America. Methods: A retrospective study was performed. We evaluated 4335 ultrasonographic exams with LET from 2017 and 2018. Five principal degenerative ultrasound criteria with subtypes were selected: hypoechogenicity, neovascularity, calcification, enthesopathy, and intrasubstance tear. A multiple linear regression model was conducted to explore the association between the findings, sex, and age. Results: Overall, 4324 ultrasound exams were analyzed; 2607 (60.29%) were males. Multiple degenerative tendon findings were found in adults (≥18 years) with LET. Hypoechogenicity (67.77%) and neovascularity (37.8%) were the most frequent. The mean length of a tendon tear in both sexes was 4.44 (± 2.81) millimeters. Mild hypoechogenicity (P < .001), and depth intrasubstance tear (P < .01) were statistically significant between them. Severe hypoechogenicity was associated with an increase in all tendon tear dimensions for length 1.37 ([95% Confidence interval (CI), 0.57, 2.17]; P < .001), for width 1.10 ([95% CI, 0.33, 1.87]; P < .01) and for depth 1.64 ([95% CI, 0.40, 2.88]; P < .01). Additional findings associated with an increase in the length dimension were 0.42 associated with focal neovascularity ([95% CI, 0.19, 0.65]; P < .001), and 0.71 associated with multiple neovascularity ([95% CI, 0.27, 1.15]; P < .01). Conclusions: Hypoechogenicity and neovascularity findings presented a positive association with the size of tendon tear in patients with LET. This study reaffirms the increased predominance of tendon tear during the 4th to 6th decades of life.

Body-weight-fleece-weight relationships in a strain of Merino sheep

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
PG Schinckel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of body weight to wool production was examined in a flock of Merino sheep of South Australian strain over a period of 7 years. In only one out of 10 groups examined was there a significant correlation between body weight and the amount of clean wool produced per unit area of midside skin. It is concluded that body weight and wool production per unit area of body surface are independent. In all groups there was a highly significant correlation between clean fleece weight and clean wool per unit area of body surface in the midside region. The regression of log fleece weight on log body weight was determined in 15 groups. In no case was the regression coefficient significantly different from 0.60. As the regression of log surface area on log body weight in sheep is of the order of 0.60, it is concluded that wool production is proportional to fleece-bearing surface. The mean regression coefficients of log fleece weight on log body weight, calculated within sire and year groups, were: rams, 0.52 ± 0.056; ewes, 0.61 ± 0.038; wethers, 0.30 ± 0.068. There were no significant differences between sires in the regression of log fleece weight on log body weight. There were, however, highly significant differences between sire groups in mean log fleece weight, after adjustment for differences in log body weight. Skin areas 3 by 3 cm were tattooed on the left midside of 24 lambs at 1 month of age. The wool produced on these areas, and the areas of the tattoos, were measured at 4-monthly intervals from 4 months of age until 28 months. The amount of wool produced m7as proportional to the area in each of the six periods. There was also a highly significant difference between periods and between sheep in the amount of wool produced after adjustment for differences in tattoo area.

O2 diffusion in lung of the anesthetized cat

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 917-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen N. Duke ◽  
R. D. Stedeford
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
O2 Diffusion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dissociation Curves ◽  
Anesthetized Cat

In cats under chloralose anesthesia, the mean diffusing capacity for O2 (Do2) was 0.91 (S.D. ± 0.29). The mean Do2/m2 body surface was 3.26 (S.D. ± 1.30). Under the experimental conditions described, the Do2 was linearly related to the O2 consumption/body weight or surface area of the animal. The Do2 was reduced by bronchial occlusion in approximate proportion to the blocked area. Cooling the animal also reduced the Do2. Epinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine given by constant intravenous infusion had slight effects on the Do2. Dissociation curves for cats' blood are reported. Submitted on December 5, 1958

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF HYPERURICEMIA AND ALLOPURINOL ON OUTCOME OF KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ersin Nazlican ◽  
Neshat Yucel ◽  
Saime Paydas ◽  
Ilker Unal
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Graft Loss ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Renal Functions ◽  
The Mean

OBJECTİVE: Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) may have increased serum uric acid (SUA) level due to presence of existing greft dysfunction and used immunosuppressives. In this retrospective study, we evaluated effect of high SUA levels and allopurinol therapy in KTRs on renal functions. PATIENTS and METHODS: 113 KTRs of 233 KTRs included, had elevated SUA level (G1). Fiftyseven of G1 received allopurinol treatment (G1A+) and 56 patients (G1A-) did not. 56 of 118 patients who were followed for five years (G5) were hyperuricemic (G5-1) and 26 of G5-1 treated with allopurinol (G5-1A+) and 30 of them did not (G5-1A-). 62 patients were normourisemic (G5-2). RESULTS: Of the 233 patients included the mean age was 42.8±11.6 (17-76), 164 were male (70.0%). In 2. year graft loss developed in 9 (7.5 %) and 18 (15.9%) of G2 and G1 respectively (p = 0.045). According to allopurinol therapy 10 of the graft loss occurred in the G1A+ and 8 in the G1A- (p=0,330). Graft loss occurred in 12 (21%) and 9 (14%) in G5-1 and G5-2 respectively (p = 0.62). Graft loss occurred in 7 (23 %) and 5 (19%) in G5-1A+ and G5-1A- respectively P = 0.71). Considering the first 2 in G5; in G5-1 graft loss was higher than in the G5-2 (p = 0.023), and higher SUA levels increased the graft loss by 3.6 times compared to normal SUA levels (95% confidence interval: 1,2-12.70). CONCLUSION: There was a significant relationship between high SUA levels and graf loss in kidney transplant recipients in 2 years and 5 years. Treatment of high SUA with alIopurinol therapy had protective effect on renal functions. So that hyperuricemia should be treated and low dose allopurinol can be option for treatment of hyperuricemia therefore prevention of loss of kidney function in kidney transplant recipients.

Oxygen Consumption of Prepupae of Drosophila Melanogaster Meigen, in Relation to the Surface Area of the Puparium

1945 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
C. ELLENBY
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

1. A method is described by means of which the surface area of puparia of Drosophila melanogaster may be measured. 2. Measurement of almost 200 puparia showed that the relationship between surface area, per mg., and body weight could best be expressed in the form of the equation S=7.7049-2.1099X, where S=surface area, sq. mm. per mg. wet weight, for prepupae of mean wet weight X mg. As the standard error of estimate, ±0.117, is equal to only 2.2% of the mean surface area per mg., the surface area can be accurately estimated from the wet weight. 3. The prepupal oxygen consumption, per mg. wet weight, is shown to decrease steadily with increasing body weight; with an increase in mean wet weight from 0.847 to 1.700 mg., the oxygen consumption, per mg., decreases by about 50%. 4. Utilizing the above regression equation, the surface area of prepupae of known oxygen consumption was estimated and thus the oxygen consumption per sq. mm. of body surface. These values show no significant variation with increasing body weight, so that it can be concluded that the oxygen consumption of prepupae of D. melanogaster is proportional to the surface area.

scholarly journals Predialysis fluid overload and gait speed: a repeated measures analysis among patients on chronic dialysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1027-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Carlos ◽  
Barbara Grimes ◽  
Mark Segal ◽  
Kirsten Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fluid Overload ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Slow gait speed is associated with hospitalization and death. We examined whether predialysis fluid overload contributes to gait speed impairment. Methods We measured predialysis gait speed at baseline and 12 and 24 months among 298 patients recruited in the A Cohort Study to Investigate the Value of Exercise in ESRD/Analyses Designed to Investigate the Paradox of Obesity and Survival in ESRD. We used multivariable linear mixed modeling to examine associations between patient data and gait speed. We then added either bioimpedance-estimated volume of predialysis fluid overload or volume of delivered ultrafiltration to ascertain whether fluid excess was associated with gait speed and its trajectory. We also tested whether fluid overload change with time was predictive of gait speeds. Results The mean baseline gait speed was 1.01 m/s and it declined by an average of 0.08 m/s/year. Older age, nonwhite race, Hispanic ethnicity, diabetes, recent fall, recent hospitalization, tobacco use and lower serum albumin were associated with slower gait speed. Each liter of predialysis fluid overload was associated with a 0.02 m/s slower gait speed [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01–0.04, P = 0.008] and 0.05 m/s additional slowing per year (95% CI 0.03–0.06, P &lt; 0.0001). Higher ultrafiltration volumes were associated with 0.07 m/s slower gait speed per 3% body weight removed (0.002–0.14, P = 0.045) but not with gait speed trajectory (P = 0.08). Patients who increased fluid overload walked 0.08 m/s slower compared with those who decreased fluid overload (95% CI 0.003–0.15, P = 0.04). Conclusions Predialysis fluid overload was associated with slower gait speed and gait speed decline over time. Interventions that limit fluid overload may lead to improvements in physical performance.

Body oxygen consumption and pulmonary ventilation in obese subjects

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert I. White ◽  
James K. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body

Postabsorptive body oxygen consumption (Vo2) and pulmonary minute ventilation (Ve) were measured 164 times in 109 very obese subjects at rest. A statistically significant relationship was found between Vo2 and total body weight. The correlation coefficients for the relationships between Ve and total body weight and Ve and body surface area were less significant. The mean calculated basal metabolic rate was within normal limits. The mean values for Vo2 in the obese subjects were considerably higher than those predicted at ideal weight, while the mean values for oxygen consumption per kilogram body weight were lower than those reported in normal subjects. The mean percentage increase in oxygen consumption per kilogram excess weight (ΔVo2/Δ kg) approached the value for percentage of cell mass in excess weight, suggesting that ΔVo2/Δ kg may be a function of the increment in cell mass with obesity. Similarly, since basal metabolic rate remained unchanged, proportionate increments in body surface area and cell mass appeared to occur with the development of obesity. obesity tissue, oxygen consumption Submitted on April 3, 1964

Revisiting the Natural History of Chronic Scaphoid Nonunions: A Retrospective Study of 20 Cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Terrence Jose Jerome
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Scaphoid Nonunion ◽  
Proximal Pole ◽  
Degenerative Arthritis ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background The natural history of scaphoid nonunion is the development of degenerative arthritis. A lot of information is still unclear about this progression. The purpose of this study is to analyze patients with scaphoid nonunions who had not received any kind of treatment and to assess the functional outcome. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study that analyzed the patients with chronic scaphoid nonunions between 2009 and 2019. None of the patients received any treatment. The age at the time of injury, examination, pattern of fracture, types of scaphoid nonunion, symptoms, and duration of nonunion were noted. Diagnosis was confirmed by radiographs, computed tomography (CT) scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Scapholunate and radiolunate angles were recorded. Pain score, modified mayo wrist score, grip strength, range of movement, and the functional outcome of these scaphoid nonunions were analyzed. A statistical correlation between the scaphoid nonunion presentations and the functional outcome was assessed. Results The mean age of the patients was 62 years (range: 35–82 years.). There were 17 male and 3 female patients. There were 9 waist and 11 proximal pole scaphoid nonunions. The mean duration of scaphoid nonunion was 34 years (range: 10–62 years). None of the patients had avascular necrosis (AVN) of the proximal scaphoid. The age at examination, gender, side of injury, fracture pattern (waist/proximal pole), fracture displacement ≤ 1 mm or > 1 mm, nonunion duration, and radiographic arthritic parameters had no significant impact on the functional outcome. Conclusions Untreated chronic scaphoid nonunion leads to the development of degenerative arthritis over a period of years, which is still unpredictable. Most of the patients become aware of the nonunion following a precedent injury or other reasons. Most of the patients have fair/good functional outcome despite reduced range of movements and grip strength. Many do not favor surgical intervention in the course of nonunion. Chronic nonunions open a lot of unanswered questions. Clinical relevance There have been numerous studies on the treatment aspects of scaphoid nonunion, with little knowledge about certain people with nonunion who did not have any kind of treatment. The demographics, clinical findings, and radiological parameters do confirm the progression of these nonunion to arthritis, but most of them had fair-to-good outcome throughout their life. It opens our thinking about the real need of treatment in such nonunions and raises numerous questions about the disease. Level of evidence This is a Level IV study.

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