Gallbladder Agenesis in a Dog: Clinicopathological, Histopathology, and Computed Tomography Findings

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Kelly ◽  
Beatriz Moreno-Aguado ◽  
Valerie Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Bile Stasis ◽  
First Report ◽  
Liver Histopathology ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Gallbladder Agenesis ◽  
Exploratory Surgery

ABSTRACT Three cases of gallbladder agenesis (GA) have been previously reported in the English-speaking veterinary literature. Affected dogs can be either asymptomatic or symptomatic with vomiting, retching, and anorexia previously reported. The previously reported cases and the dog in this report had marked elevations in alanine aminotransferase concentrations, and liver histopathology consistently showed bridging fibrosis and biliary hyperplasia. The condition is most often diagnosed in humans during exploratory surgery, which was also the case in the previous three dogs reported with GA. Computed tomography (CT) or MRI is now recommended for diagnosis of the condition in humans, and this is the first report of CT findings in an affected dog diagnosed without surgery. Bile stasis and cholangiohepatits have been proposed as secondary pathologies in both humans and dogs with GA, and histopathology and CT findings in this case support those theories.

scholarly journals Serial computed tomography findings of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia treated with favipiravir and steroid therapy: report of 11 cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Irizato ◽  
Hiroshi Matsuura ◽  
Atsuya Okada ◽  
Ken Ueda ◽  
Hitoshi Yamamura
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Steroid Therapy ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Mixed Pattern ◽  
Bronchial Dilatation

Abstract Background This study evaluated the time course of computed tomography (CT) findings of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who required mechanical ventilation and were treated with favipiravir and steroid therapy. Results Eleven patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia were included. CT findings assessed at the three time points showed that all patients had ground-glass opacities (GGO) and consolidation and mixed pattern at intubation. Consolidation and mixed pattern disappeared in most of the patients whereas GGO persisted in all patients at 1-month follow-up. In addition to GGO, a subpleural line and bronchus distortion and bronchial dilatation were frequent findings. The degree of resolution of GGO varied depending on each patient. The GGO score correlated significantly with the time from symptoms onset to initiation of steroid therapy (ρ = 0.707, p = 0.015). Conclusions At 1-month follow-up after discharge, non-GGO lesions were absorbed almost completely, and GGO were a predominant CT manifestation. Starting steroid therapy earlier after onset of symptoms in severe COVID-19 pneumonia may reduce the extent of GGO at 1-month follow-up.

scholarly journals Computed Tomography Findings in Intraabdominal Hypertension in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Gupta ◽  
Rohan Kamat ◽  
Jayanta Samanta ◽  
Harshal Mandavdhare ◽  
Vishal Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Intraabdominal Pressure ◽  
Biliary Dilatation ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Intraabdominal Hypertension

Abstract Purpose Intraabdominal hypertension (IAH) in acute pancreatitis (AP) may reduce tissue perfusion and impair organ function and has been shown to portend poor prognosis. We investigated the computed tomography (CT) findings in patients with AP with IAH. Methods This retrospective study comprised of consecutive patients with AP from June 2016 to June 2018 in whom intraabdominal pressure (IAP) was measured. The patients who underwent a contrast-enhanced CT within 7 days of IAP measurement were included. Using a cutoff of 12 mm Hg for IAP, the patients were divided into IAH and non-IAH groups. Measures of severity and clinical outcome were evaluated. CT parameters were compared between the groups. Results The IAH group comprised of 41 patients, while there were 20 patients in the non-IAH group. The IAH group was characterized by severe disease, increased incidence of organ failure, increased requirement for drainage and surgery, prolonged hospital and intensive care unit stay. The mortality was not significantly different between the two groups. On univariate analysis, the CT features that were found to be significantly different between the two groups were the presence of collection (p = 0.036), the maximum dimension of collection (p = 0.004), volume of collection (p = 0.019), biliary dilatation (p = 0.011), and the presence of moderate-to-severe pleural effusion (p = 0.009). On multivariate analysis, all these parameters except biliary dilatation were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion CT findings in patients with AP may suggest IAH. This can be used as an additional marker for severity of AP.

Usefulness of Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance in Fulminant Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Charles Howells ◽  
Hassan H. Ramadan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Intracranial Extension ◽  
Tissue Ischemia ◽  
Fungal Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis

Fulminant invasive fungal rhinosinusitis is an aggressive, destructive process most commonly affecting the immunocompromised host. Although frequently fatal, prognosis is related directly to early recognition and aggressive treatment. Various reports advocate computed tomography (CT) scanning as the study of choice in evaluating suspected invasive fungal disease, reserving magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for select cases. Others report lack of correlation between CT and surgical or pathological findings. Our aim was to investigate the usefulness of CT and MR in the diagnosis of invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. We retrospectively reviewed four cases of biopsyproven invasive disease. Correlations between radiographic, endoscopic, and surgical findings were investigated. Rhizopus species were detected in three cases and mixed Mucor and Aspergillus species in another. Superimposed bacterial sinusitis was confirmed in all cases. CT findings were nonspecific, revealing pansinusitis; no bone destruction or intracranial extension was noted. Mild orbital cellulitis was noted in one case. Anterior rhinoscopy revealed nonviable tissue in two patients. Nasal endoscopy later confirmed tissue ischemia in a third patient, whereas a final patient had normal findings on both exams. Nonspecific findings resulted in delay of diagnosis by 48–72 hours in two patients with presumed bacterial sinusitis. MR revealed intracranial extension in two patients and better represented intraoperative findings. In conclusion, CT findings in invasive fungal rhinosinusitis may be nonspecific and underestimate extent of disease. A high index of suspicion and early endoscopic examination with biopsy are mandatory for evaluation. MRI may better represent disease progression and should be considered early.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN HEAD INJURY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Dileep Kumar Jha ◽  
Dr. Rajnikant Narsinhbhai Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Severe Head Injury ◽  
Mild Head Injury ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Craniocerebral Injuries

Introduction: In human body there are many causes of the injuries. Among all the injuries head injury is also one of the most important injuries which may cause morbidity and mortality. Craniocerebral injuries or Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as any structural skull traumatic injury with alterations of cerebral physiology as a result of an external force either in the form of chemical energy, mechanical energy, electrical energy or thermal heating. Globally craniocerebral injuries or Traumatic brain injury (TBI)is cause of disability in young patients, especially those  <40 years of age. TBI is classified as mild, with most showing adequate and quick recovery. Nevertheless there are some kinds of TBI which showed persistent disabling symptoms that interrupt with their normal daily routine activities. Brain imaging is very important for the patients who suffer traumatic brain injury. In the emergency services Computed tomography (CT) is recommended as first assessment that provides initial information and diagnosis to identify the need of surgery. It also helps in the following of the patient and the evolution of pathology. Many studies suggest that CT can be used to predict patient outcomes. Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging technique which uses as dynamics of injected contrast material, allows rapid quantitative and qualitative evaluation of cerebral perfusion by generating cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF) and mean transit time (MTT) maps providing clinically important information with stroke subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)and head injury. Aim: The main aim of this study is to evaluate the computed tomography findings sustaining head injury and role of computed tomography scan in head injury. Material and Methods: During the study total 90 patients with head injury were included with different age group from 20 to 70 years old. Glasgow coma score (GCS) range 4–15 (mild head injury: GCS >14; moderate head injury: GCS = 9–13; severe head injury GCS <8) were also included in this study. For all the patients with head injury Computed tomography (CT) image were performed with siemen's somatom spirit dual slice spiral CT machine and a protocol of contiguous axial 5-mm sections through the posterior fossa and a contiguous 10 mm axial sequential scans for the rest of the brain and thinner cuts were also taken whenever required. For visualize any fractures of the skull bone algorithms with wide window settings were studied. After initial resuscitation, severity of the cranio-cerebral trauma was graded with the help of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) into mild head injury (GCS13- 15), moderate head injury (GCS 9-12) and severe head injury (GCS 3-8). Result: Among total patients sixty five (72.2%) patients were male and twenty five (27.8 %) were female with age range from 20 to 70 years old. In the age group 31-50 year group showed highest frequency of head trauma. The most common causes of head injury were RTA (65.6%) followed by fall injuries (20%) and physical assaults (14.4%). Among patients with head injuries Loss of consciousness and vomiting were the commonest clinical features brought to emergency. Out of 90 cases 59 (65.5%) cases showed mild head injury followed by 14(15.6%) cases sustained moderate head injury and 17(18.9%) had severe head injury. In all types of severity of head injury RTA was the prime etiological factor. Out of total cases 31(34.4%) had normal CT findings and 59(65.6%) had abnormal CT findings. Abnormal CT findings were seen in 59(65.6%) sustaining mild head injury and in all the patients with moderate and severe head injury. Out of 90 cases 13 cases with severe head injury had mortality. The most common mode of injury to cause the mortality was RTA. Five patients with severe head injury also had cervical spine injury Conclusion: This study concludes that use of CT in head trauma can finds high prevalence of head trauma related to CT. Therefore CT should be done when clinically necessary that helps to reduce cost and avoids unnecessary exposure to radiation. Keywords: Head injury, Traumatic brain injury (TBI), computed tomography (CT), Glasgow coma scale (GCS)

scholarly journals Role of multidetector computed tomography in evaluation of abdominal trauma in Sothern Rajasthan, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2350
Author(s):  
Puran . ◽  
Narendra Kumar Kardam
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Multidetector Computed Tomography ◽  
Abdominal Trauma ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Abdominal Injury ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Background: Abdominal injury constitutes a significant portion of all blunt and penetrating body injuries. Computed   tomography is an important and fast technique which gives rapid information on the type of abdominal injury and helps in management of the patient accordingly. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) in detection of intra-abdominal injury in patients with blunt abdominal trauma and to provide information that could accurately determine choice of management (non- operative versus operative). And to correlate the computed tomography (CT) findings with either clinical observation, follow up CT scan (if required) or surgical findings (wherever applicable).Methods: A total of 50 patients with abdominal trauma who underwent computed tomography (CT) examination were included. CT findings were compared with surgical findings in operated cases, and in the rest CT findings were compared by clinical outcome.Results: Among the 50 cases studied, all 50 had positive CT findings of abdominal trauma, out of which 24 patients underwent surgery and the remaining were managed conservatively. The age group of the patients was ranging from 8 to 66 years with male predominance. In this study the commonest organs affected were liver and spleen accounting for 48% and 44% respectively.Conclusions: Computed tomography is an important and highly sensitive imaging modality for diagnosis of organ injuries in patients with abdominal trauma and accordingly deciding the management of patient.

Tuboovarian Abscess Presenting as Sciatic Pain: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Andrews ◽  
Neil B. Friedman ◽  
Linda Heier ◽  
Amelia Erickson ◽  
Michael H. Lavyne
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Epidural Abscess ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
First Report ◽  
Sciatic Pain ◽  
Tuboovarian Abscess

Abstract The authors report the successful conservative treatment of a tuboovarian abscess in a 25-year old woman who presented with low grade fever and severe right sciatic pain. Computed tomography and ultrasonography corroborated a clinical diagnosis of tuboovarian abscess after an initial diagnosis of epidural abscess had been made. This is the first report of a tuboovarian abscess presenting principally as sciatic pain. The diagnosis and treatment of this lesion are discussed. (Neurosurgery 21: 100-103, 1987)

The Value of Abdominal and Pelvic CT Scan in Trauma Patients With Low Injury Severity Score and High Glasgow Coma Scale

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482110474
Author(s):  
Tarik Wasfie ◽  
Daniel Rivera ◽  
Mursal Naisan ◽  
Shelby Zaremba ◽  
Mikayla Depuydt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Glasgow Coma Scale ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Group A ◽  
Fast Exam ◽  
Group B

Introduction Computed tomography scans became the mainstay of emergency department (ED) evaluation of trauma patients including those with a high Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and a low Injury Severity Score (ISS). We elected to find the value of abdominal and pelvic CT in patients with negative physical examination and Focused Assessment of Sonography for Trauma (FAST) on arrival to the ED. Methods This study is a retrospective analysis of 901 consecutive patients from 2017 to 2019 who presented to the ED with level 2 and 3 activation criteria. Each patient received a physical examination, CT abdomen and pelvis, and FAST exam. Data were collected on external factor including GCS, ISS, age, sex, comorbidities, anticoagulation use, and surgical intervention. The patients were divided into 2 groups, Group A and B. Group A consisted of patients with a negative physical exam, FAST, and CT result. Group B included patients with a negative physical exam and FAST exam with positive CT findings. Statistical analysis was done using a Student’s t-test and chi-square test for significance value of P < .05. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained for this study. Results A total of 901 patients were analyzed which included 489 (54.3%) male and 412 (45.7%) female with a mean age of 56.2 (SD = 22.62) years. Out of the 901 patients, 461 patients received a physical, FAST, and CT exam. Group A consisted of 442 (95.9%) patients and Group B had 19 (4.1%) patients. Both groups were similar in GCS and ISS scoring with no significance difference in age, sex, comorbidities, and anticoagulation use. There was a significant difference in the ICU and hospital mean length of stay when CT scan was positive [2 (SD = 4.23) days vs. .6 (SD = 1.33) days with P < .0001 and 4.57 (SD ± 4.17) days vs. 2.5 (SD = 2.00) days with P < .0001, respectively]. The CT findings of the 19 patients in group B consisted of 6 incidentalomas, 5 vertebral compression fractures, 4 pelvic bone fractures, 1 minor liver contusion, 1 non-specific bowel thickening, 1 non-displaced rib fracture, and 1 case of small amount of free fluid in the pelvis. None of the CT findings required surgical intervention. Conclusion Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis in trauma patients with high GCS and low ISS with initial negative physical and FAST examination did not provide additional critical information.

Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as a predictive biomarker for computed tomography scan use in mild traumatic brain injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1085-1090
Author(s):  
George A Alexiou ◽  
Georgios D Lianos ◽  
Aggeliki Tzima ◽  
Athanasios Sotiropoulos ◽  
Anastasios Nasios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Mild Tbi ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
The Mean

Aim: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious health concern. We set out to investigate the role of neutrophil-to-lymphocytes ratio (NLR) at admission for predicting the need for computed tomography (CT) in mild-TBI. Materials & methods: A retrospective study of adult patients who presented with mild-TBI Results: One hundred and thirty patients met the inclusion criteria. Seventy-four patients had positive CT-findings. The mean NLR-levels at presentations were 5.6 ± 4.8. Patients with positive CT-findings had significant higher NLR-levels. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted and the threshold of NLR-levels for detecting the cases with positive CT-findings was 2.5, with 78.1% sensitivity and 63% specificity Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge no previous study has assessed the value of NLR-levels for predicting the need for CT in mild-TBI.

Computed tomography findings and in-hospital mortality in patients with rupture of type B aortic dissection

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
Tetsuhiro Otsuka ◽  
Eijun Sueyoshi ◽  
Yutaro Tasaki ◽  
Masataka Uetani
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Aortic Dissection ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Pleural Space ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Type B ◽  
Type B Aortic Dissection ◽  
Ct Findings

Background The relationships between the computed tomography (CT) findings and outcomes of patients with ruptured type B aortic dissection have not been clarified. Purpose To evaluate the initial CT findings of patients with ruptured type B aortic dissection and investigate the relationships between the initial CT findings and in-hospital mortality. Material and Methods This study was approved by the institutional review board. Thirty-three patients were diagnosed with ruptured Stanford type B aortic dissection at our hospital between 2007 and 2016 (21 men, 12 women; mean age = 76.1±10.7 years). We retrospectively evaluated the initial CT findings of ruptured type B aortic dissection and the relationships between clinical factors and in-hospital mortality using logistic regression analysis. Results Type B aortic dissections ruptured in the acute and chronic phases in 23 and 10 patients, respectively. The initial CT images showed various findings, including an open false lumen (58%), arch involvement (88%), hematomas in the pleural space (55%), hematomas in the pericardial space (18%), and the extravasation of vascular contrast material (12%). The mean maximum diameter of the affected aorta was 49.5 ± 16.1 mm. Among the 33 patients, 14 died at hospital. Female gender (hazard ratio = 10.284; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.61–65.54; P = 0.0136) and the presence of a hematoma in the pleural space (hazard ratio = 6.803; 95% CI = 1.07–43.24; P = 0.0421) were found to be predictors of in-hospital mortality. Conclusion Female gender and the presence of a hematoma in the pleural space are significant predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with ruptured type B aortic dissection.

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