scholarly journals Comparison of Early Interventions in the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease in Patients with Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yago Ricardo Pedrosa ◽  
Jossielly Rodrigues Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Group B ◽  
Almost All

Background: Down Syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality with an incidence of 1:700 live births. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects almost all of these individuals from the age of 30, whose susceptibility is on the rise with increasing life expectancy. However, interventions can limit or improve cognitive decline. Objectives: To compare early interventions in the prevention of AD in patients with DS. Methods: Randomized Controlled Trial published in English, in the last 5 years, in humans, at PUBMED. Were included studies involving participants over 18 years old, diagnosed with DS and those with unclear interventions were excluded. Six articles were found and after applying the criteria, two studies were part of this review. The PRISMA scale was used. Results: Ptomey et al. (2018) intervened with online exercise, selecting 27 participants divided into two groups: A) one session/week; B) two sessions/ week. After 12 weeks it was observed that group B showed improvement in learning compared to group A. Sano et al. (2016) performed an intervention with Vitamin E (VE) for three years in 337 individuals, segregated in: A) 1,000 IU, orally, twice/day; B) placebo. There was no significant difference in the progression of cognitive, functional, behavioral and clinical deterioration between the groups. Conclusions: The practice of physical exercise proved to be promising in the prevention of AD, however the use of VE did not show significant results. Further studies on the subject are needed.

scholarly journals DNA Damage-Induced Neurodegeneration in Accelerated Ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6748
Author(s):  
Heling Wang ◽  
Sofie Lautrup ◽  
Domenica Caponio ◽  
Jianying Zhang ◽  
Evandro F. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Werner Syndrome ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Energy Deprivation

DNA repair ensures genomic stability to achieve healthy ageing, including cognitive maintenance. Mutations on genes encoding key DNA repair proteins can lead to diseases with accelerated ageing phenotypes. Some of these diseases are xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA, caused by mutation of XPA), Cockayne syndrome group A and group B (CSA, CSB, and are caused by mutations of CSA and CSB, respectively), ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T, caused by mutation of ATM), and Werner syndrome (WS, with most cases caused by mutations in WRN). Except for WS, a common trait of the aforementioned progerias is neurodegeneration. Evidence from studies using animal models and patient tissues suggests that the associated DNA repair deficiencies lead to depletion of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), resulting in impaired mitophagy, accumulation of damaged mitochondria, metabolic derailment, energy deprivation, and finally leading to neuronal dysfunction and loss. Intriguingly, these features are also observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia affecting more than 50 million individuals worldwide. Further studies on the mechanisms of the DNA repair deficient premature ageing diseases will help to unveil the mystery of ageing and may provide novel therapeutic strategies for AD.

scholarly journals Comparison of Recovery Time of Propofol and Midazolam with Propofol Alone for Sedation in Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1024-1027
Author(s):  
Asma Samreen ◽  
Aamir Waseem ◽  
Muhammad Azam ◽  
Itrat Hussain Kazmi ◽  
Aamir Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
P Value ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde ◽  
Intravenous Anesthetic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Procedural sedation is required for multiple short duration procedures outside of the operating rooms especially in radiology and endoscopy suites. Intravenous anesthetic agent with rapid recovery profile is desirable in such circumstances. This study aims to compare two regimens of intravenous anesthetic agents. Aim: To compare the mean recovery time of propofol and midazolam with propofol alone for sedation in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Settings: Department of Anesthesia, Shalamar Hospital, Lahore. Study Duration: June 2017 to December 2017. Methods: A total of 70 adult patients aged 20-60 years undergoing ERCP under sedation were included. Patients were given a combination of propofol and midazolam in group A while propofol alone was given in group B. After procedure, pts were transferred to recovery room and were followed for assessment of recovery time. Data were analyzed in SPSS vr 21, Independent t-test was applied & p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Significant difference was found in mean recovery time amongst both the groups. Mean recovery time in Group A (propofol and midazolam) was 19.29±4.50 minutes while in Group B (propofol alone) was 26.66±3.70 minutes showing statistically significant result with p-value = 0.0001. Conclusion: We conclude that mean recovery time with propofol plus midazolam is shorter as compared to propofol alone for sedation in ERCP. Keywords: Propofol, midazolam, sedation outside operation theatre.

scholarly journals Comparison of early versus standard timing for silicone stent removal following External Dacrocystorhinostomy under local anaesthesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Ben Limbu ◽  
Hannah S Lyons ◽  
Mohan Krishna Shrestha ◽  
Geoffrey C Tabin ◽  
Rohit Saiju
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Nasolacrimal Duct ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Tube Removal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Silicone Stent ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Introduction: The first line treatment for nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) is external dacrocystorhinostomy (DCR). Following DCR, patients are required to return to Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology (TIO) six weeks postoperatively for the removal of a silicone stent. As the majority of patients travel large distances at significant cost to reach TIO, most often patients remain within Kathmandu during this six weeks interval. This places a large financial burden on patients. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was designed to compare patient outcomes after early (two weeks postoperatively) versus standard (six weeks postoperatively) removal of silicone stents. 50 selected patients were randomized into two equal groups. Results: At the time of publication, 31 patients (14 in group A and 17 in group B) had completed three months follow up. A success rate of 92.9% was noted in Group A and a success rate of 94.1% observed in group B. No significant difference was found between the two groups for success rate and rate of complications. Conclusion: Early tube removal post DCR appears to cause no significant difference in outcome or complication rates compared to standard tube removal.

scholarly journals A comparative study of the effect of piroxicam versus diclofenac on wound healing in clean abdominal wounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrashekar Reddy J. Madinur ◽  
Prashant Tubachi ◽  
Prashant Tubachi ◽  
A. S. Godhi ◽  
A. S. Godhi
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
One Year ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Individual

Background: The primary function of the skin is to serve as a protective barrier against the environment. The process of wound healing constitutes an array of interrelated and concomitant events. Understanding these processes and various factors affecting these processes continue to expand. The present study was undertaken to compare and evaluate the effect of piroxicam versus diclofenac on wound healing in clean abdominal wounds.Methods: The present one year randomized controlled trial was conducted on all the patients undergoing appendicectomies for uncomplicated appendicitis and uncomplicated inguinal hernia repairs in the Department of Surgery, KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belgaum during the period of one year. Based on the thumb rule a total of 60 patients divided into two groups of 30 each were studied. Based on the computer-generated randomization patients were allocated to two groups that is group A (Inj. Piroxicam) and Group B (Inj. Diclofenac).Results: In the present study, males outnumbered females with male to female ratio between of 1.72 to 2:1. The mean age in group A was30.9±7.86 years and in group B it was 30.3±7.97 years. Both the groups that is Group A and B were graded under grade I (Good wound healing) from the POD 3 onwards. Overall the individual score and total scores had no influence of the final grading (outcome) of the wound.Conclusions: Overall, better results were seen on wound healing in patients who received Inj piroxicam with significantly less post-operative redness and edema. However, this did not have significant difference in the final outcome of the grading of the wound. 

scholarly journals Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Comparing Transurethral Eneucleation and Resection of Prostate and Trans-urethral Resection of Prostate in the Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-220
Author(s):  
Md Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Samira Rahat Afroze ◽  
Muhammad Abdur Rahim ◽  
Muhammad Abdus Salam
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Transurethral Resection Of Prostate ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) is the predominant surgical procedure for benign prostatic hypertension (BPH) but is not devoid of complications like capsular perforation, drop in Hb%, drop in Na+, residual adenoma; hence endeavors are evolving to combat such complications. A newer technique transurethral enucleation and resection of prostate (TUERP) has been devised to solve these problems. This study was designed to compare the safety and the efficacy of newer technique, TUERP with widely practiced TURP Methods: This randomized controlled trial was done at BSMMU, after getting ethical approval from the ethical review committee of the institute, from January to October, 2009. A total of 60 BPH patients were purposively enrolled in this study, after obtaining informed written consent and they were randomized as control, Group A (30 patients, underwent TURP) and experimental group, Group B (30 patients, underwent TEURP).Results: The mean preoperative Hb% level of Group A was 15.1 gm% (SD ± 0.5) and perioperative Hb% level was 13.04 gm% (SD ± 6.06). There was significant difference (P <0.05). The mean preoperative Hb% of Group B was 15.2 gm% (SD ± 0.5) and perioperative Hb% was 15.2 gm% (SD ± 0.48). There was no difference (P >0.05). The mean preoperative Na + of Group A was 140 mmol/l (SD ± 4.1) and perioperative Na+ was 126 mmol/l (SD ± 6.8). There was significant difference (P<0.01). The mean preoperative Na+ of Group B was 136 mmol/l (SD ± 4) and perioperative Na+ was 136 mmol/l (SD ± 2.70). There was no difference (P >0.05).Conclusion: TUERP eliminates drop in Hb% and Na+which are usual consequences following TURP. Thus TUERP can be advocated in the treatment of BPH as it also allows completeresection down to surgical capsule.Birdem Med J 2017; 7(3): 216-220

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF LAVANGADI GUTIKA AND PIPPALYADI GUTIKA IN KAPHAJA KASA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2347-2352
Author(s):  
Risin Sugunan ◽  
Zenica D’souza
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Normal Life ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Comparative Clinical Study ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Group B

Kasa is one of the Pranavaha Srothodusti vikara which hinders normal life. Kaphaja Kasa is a type of Kasa with Vata and Kapha as predominant doshas and present with Prabhuta, Ghana and Bahala kapha. Kaphaja Kasa can be best compared with Chronic Bronchitis. If left untreated it leads to various conditions like Swasa, Kshaya, Chardi, Svarasaadha etc. This signifies the importance of its early management. The present study was conducted on 40 diagnosed subjects of Kaphaja Kasa who were randomly allocated into 2 groups with 20 patients each. La- vangadi gutika was taken in Group A and Pippalyadi gutika in Group B. Medicines was given for 30 days and the data was collected from the subject at baseline, 16th day, 31st day and on 46th day (follow up). The result of the study showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the assessment parameters in both the groups from baseline. However no statistically significant difference was observed between the effect of Lavangadi guti- ka and Pippalyadi gutika in the management of Kaphaja Kasa suggesting that both interventions were having a significant effect on the condition.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF ONDANSETRON AND METOCLOPRAMIDE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESIA.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (07) ◽  
pp. 1197-1202
Author(s):  
Hajra Shuja ◽  
Mehmood Ali Shah ◽  
Sadaf Bokhari
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Trial Setting

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a standard treatment for cholelithiasis. It is a safe and effective treatment in many cases. General anesthesia has a high incidence for PONV. But anti-emetic drugs can help in preventing PONV. Objectives: To compare the efficacy of ondansetron and metoclopramide in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Department of Anaesthesia, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. Period: 6 months i.e. from 15-2-2017 to 15-8-2017. Material & Methods: The patients were divided into two groups. Ondansetron was given to group A patients within 15 minutes of induction, and metoclopramide to group B patients within 15 minutes of induction. Then patients were shifted to the ward after surgery and followed-up for 24 hours for assessment of PONV. All the data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 20. Results: The mean age of patients in group A was 38.40±12.07 years and in group B was 42.63±11.77 years. The efficacy achieved in 53 were from group A and 39 were from group B Statistically significant difference was found between the study groups i.e. p-value=0.003. Conclusion: Ondansetron showed significantly better efficacy than metoclopramide in preventing PONV after laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia.

Accuracy of Paper Point Technique for Final Working Length Measurement after Canal Preparation

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 3359-3362
Author(s):  
Ambrin . ◽  
Farah Tasleem ◽  
Anum Saleem ◽  
Doua Tasleem ◽  
Talha Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Length Measurement ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Paper Point ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Electronic Apex Locator

Objective: The aim this study was to check the accuracy of paper point technique for final working length measurement after canal preparation. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial Place and Duration: Study was performed in department of operative dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro for one year duration from January 2017 to December 2017. Methodology: This study was performed on 78 patients divided equally into two groups. In one group working length was established by using electronic apex locator while in second group working length was established by using electronic apex locator with paper point technique. To check the working length master apical gutta percha point (GP point) was inserted into canal and radiograph were taken by paralleling angle technique. Results: There were 34 (43.6%) males while 44 (56.4%) patients were females. Mean age of patients was 30.5±8.9 years. Mean tooth number was 28.8±11.0. Group A is concerned that was treated only with Electronic Apex Locator showed lesser number of acceptable length than group B. on the other hand, group B was treated with electronic apex locator and paper point technique showed higher acceptable length of respondents with a difference of 4 frequencies or 7% in excess. A less value of chi-square test showed relationship between observed and expected data; whereas, significance value indicated no significant difference between group A and B. Conclusion: Paper point technique is as reliable as other techniques for final working length measurement. Key Words: Electronic Apex Locator, Paper Point Technique, Endodontic Working Length

Comparison of Efficacy of I/V Tramadol and Bupivacaine Irrigation through Drains after Modified Radical Mastectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3007-3011
Author(s):  
Zarqa Rani ◽  
Iqra Mushtaq ◽  
Mehreen Akram ◽  
Zahra Ishrat
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Urinary Retention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Radical Mastectomy ◽  
Breast Cancer Surgery ◽  
Modified Radical Mastectomy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Severe postsurgical pain continues to be hard to manage in patients who experience breast cancer surgery. Badly managed pain can lead to meager patient satisfaction, prolonged hospital stay, and increased risk of complication by analgesics, and may be a reason in the development of long-lasting pain. Aim: To compare the efficacy of Intravenous Tramadol and Bupivacaine irrigation through surgical drains after Modified Radical Mastectomy in patients with carcinoma breast. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial conducted in the Department of Anesthesia, Mayo Hospital Lahore. Total 70 female patients aged 18-70 years undergoing radical mastectomy for CA breast diagnosed on histopathology were selected. Patients were divided into two groups A and B through simple random sampling technique. Group A received intravenous Tramadol. Group B received Bupivacaine through surgical drains. Results: At 0, 2, 4 and 6 hour postoperatively no significant difference was seen in severity of pain in both treatment groups. In Group-A at 0, 2, 4 and 6 hour postoperatively, 68.8%, 71.4%, 57.1% and 60% respectively had reported no pain while in Group-B at 0, 2, 4 and 6 hour postoperatively, 48.6%, 65.7%, 45.7% and 54.3% patients had reported no pain. Complaints of Nausea, vomiting, sedation, urinary retention was higher in patients in Tramadol Group as compared to Bupivacaine Group. Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrated that bupivacaine administrated through surgical drain was equally effective as intravenous tramadol for controlling postoperative mastectomy pain with less side effects. Keyword: Breast Cancer, Acute Pain, Analgesia, Tramadol, Bupivacaine, Radical Mastectomy, Nausea, Vomiting, Sedation, Urinary retention, Hypotension

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