Isolation Of A Diatom Frustule Fragment From The Lower Stratosphere (22–27km) - Evidence For A Cosmic Origin

10.5334/jc.sf ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Wainwright ◽  
Christopher E. Rose ◽  
Alexander J. Baker ◽  
K. J. Briston ◽  
N. Chandra Wickramasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Diatom Frustule ◽  
Cosmic Origin

scholarly journals Interannual Variability and Trends in Sea Surface Temperature, Lower and Middle Atmosphere Temperature at Different Latitudes for 1980–2019

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Jakovlev ◽  
Sergei P. Smyshlyaev ◽  
Vener Y. Galin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Impact

The influence of sea-surface temperature (SST) on the lower troposphere and lower stratosphere temperature in the tropical, middle, and polar latitudes is studied for 1980–2019 based on the MERRA2, ERA5, and Met Office reanalysis data, and numerical modeling with a chemistry-climate model (CCM) of the lower and middle atmosphere. The variability of SST is analyzed according to Met Office and ERA5 data, while the variability of atmospheric temperature is investigated according to MERRA2 and ERA5 data. Analysis of sea surface temperature trends based on reanalysis data revealed that a significant positive SST trend of about 0.1 degrees per decade is observed over the globe. In the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, the trend (about 0.2 degrees per decade) is 2 times higher than the global average, and 5 times higher than in the Southern Hemisphere (about 0.04 degrees per decade). At polar latitudes, opposite SST trends are observed in the Arctic (positive) and Antarctic (negative). The impact of the El Niño Southern Oscillation phenomenon on the temperature of the lower and middle atmosphere in the middle and polar latitudes of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres is discussed. To assess the relative influence of SST, CO2, and other greenhouse gases’ variability on the temperature of the lower troposphere and lower stratosphere, numerical calculations with a CCM were performed for several scenarios of accounting for the SST and carbon dioxide variability. The results of numerical experiments with a CCM demonstrated that the influence of SST prevails in the troposphere, while for the stratosphere, an increase in the CO2 content plays the most important role.

scholarly journals Effects of the Tibetan High and the North Pacific High on the Occurrence of Hot or Cool Summers in Japan

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Makoto Inoue ◽  
Atsushi Ugajin ◽  
Osamu Kiguchi ◽  
Yousuke Yamashita ◽  
Masashi Komine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
The Other ◽  
Summer Climate ◽  
The North ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Western Japan ◽  
Cool Summer ◽  
The North Pacific

In this study, we investigated the effects of the Tibetan High near the tropopause and the North Pacific High in the troposphere on occurrences of hot or cool summers in Japan. We first classified Japan into six regions and identified hot and cool summer years in these regions from a 38-year sample (1980–2017) based on the monthly air temperature. To investigate the features of circulation fields over Asia during hot and cool summers in Japan, we calculated the composite differences (hot summer years minus cool summer years) of several variables such as geopotential height, which indicated significant high-pressure anomalies in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. These results suggest that both the North Pacific and the Tibetan Highs tend to extend to Japan during hot summer years, while cool summers seem to be associated with the weakening of these highs. We found that extension of the Tibetan High to the Japanese mainland can lead to hot summers in Northern, Eastern, and Western Japan. On the other hand, hot summers in the Southwestern Islands may be due to extension of the Tibetan High to the south. Similarly, the latitudinal direction of extension of the North Pacific High is profoundly connected with the summer climate in respective regions.

scholarly journals Effect of meteorology on the variability of ozone in the troposphere and lower stratosphere over a tropical station Thumba (8.5°N, 76.9°E)

2021 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 105567
Author(s):  
P.R. Satheesh Chandran ◽  
S.V. Sunilkumar ◽  
M. Muhsin ◽  
Maria Emmanuel ◽  
Geetha Ramkumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Tropical Station

scholarly journals Measurements of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during tropical cyclones using the GPS radio occultation technique

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Biondi ◽  
Torsten Neubert ◽  
Stig Syndergaard ◽  
Johannes Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Radio Occultation ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Gps Radio Occultation

scholarly journals The South Georgia Wave Experiment (SG-WEX): radiosonde observations of gravity waves in the lower stratosphere. Part I: Energy density, momentum flux and wave propagation direction

2017 ◽  
Vol 143 (709) ◽  
pp. 3279-3290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Moffat-Griffin ◽  
Corwin J. Wright ◽  
Andrew C. Moss ◽  
John C. King ◽  
Steve R. Colwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Momentum Flux ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Propagation Direction ◽  
The South ◽  
Wave Propagation Direction ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Wave Experiment

scholarly journals Carbonaceous material in aerosol particles in the lower stratosphere and tropopause region

2007 ◽  
Vol 112 (D4) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Murphy ◽  
D. J. Cziczo ◽  
P. K. Hudson ◽  
D. S. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Tropopause Region

scholarly journals A Case Study of Mass Transport during the East-West Oscillation of the Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiali Luo ◽  
Jiayao Song ◽  
Hongying Tian ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Xinlei Liang
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Chemical Transport ◽  
Upward Motion ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Asian Summer ◽  
Mode Tm ◽  
East West

We use ERA-Interim reanalysis, MLS observations, and a trajectory model to examine the chemical transport and tracers distribution in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) associated with an east-west oscillation case of the anticyclone in 2016. The results show that the spatial distribution of water vapor (H2O) was more consistent with the location of the anticyclone than carbon monoxide (CO) at 100 hPa, and an independent relative high concentration center was only found in H2O field. At 215 hPa, although the anticyclone center also migrated from the Tibetan Mode (TM) to the Iranian Mode (IM), the relative high concentration centers of both tracers were always colocated with regions where upward motion was strong in the UTLS. When the anticyclone migrated from the TM, air within the anticyclone over Tibetan Plateau may transport both westward and eastward but was always within the UTLS. The relative high concentration of tropospheric tracers within the anticyclone in the IM was from the east and transported by the westward propagation of the anticyclone rather than being lifted from surface directly. Air within the relative high geopotential height centers over Western Pacific was partly from the main anticyclone and partly from lower levels.

scholarly journals Longwave heating of the tropical lower stratosphere

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (19) ◽  
pp. 3653-3656 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere
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