Antiplasmodial effects of Allium sativum extract on haematological Parameters of Albino Wistar rats infected with Plasmodium berghei

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 001-008
Author(s):  
Joy Nkeiruka Dike-Ndudim ◽  
Chizaram Winners Ndubueze
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Parasitemia Level

This study aimed at evaluating the antiplasmodial effects of Allium sativum (bulbs) on haematological parameters of albino rats infected with Plasmodium berghei, divided the animal model into groups, viz: the experimental group (with five different concentrations of 100, 300, 500, 800 and 1000mg/kg), the normal-control (non-inoculated), negative-control (inoculated, but untreated) and positive control (inoculated and treated with 10mg/kg Combisunate). Allium sativum ethanolic extracts were administered and monitored for four days before the treatment. Afterwards, the average parasitaemia was calculated and the average percentage parasite inhibition (suppressive effect) was obtained. Result showed that the parasitemia level for the treated groups decreased progressively for the five-day period. This is indicative in the mean number of the percentage parasitized red cells of 1000mg/kg doses as 9.055±2.06 on the first day post inoculation and 0.30±0.04 on the fifth day. The decrease is also observed in the 100, 300, 500 and 800mg/kg groups. Except the untreated group which showed a progressive increase in parasitemia level with average percentage parasitized red cells as 11.33±1.97 on the first day post inoculation and 18.15±1.49 on the fifth day. The haematological result showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in values of RBC, PCV, Hb, and neutrophils in the inoculated groups, especially the untreated group. As compared to the treated groups, these parameters showed progressive increase as concentrations increased. Conclusively, it can be inferred that the bulbs of Allium sativum have antiplasmodial potentials and can therefore be purified for development of antimalarial drugs.

Effects of endotoxin and dexamethasone on cerebral malaria in mice

Parasitology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Neill ◽  
N. H. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Malaria ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Tumour Necrosis ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Cba Mice ◽  
Cerebral Involvement ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Necrosis Factor

SUMMARYCBA/T6 and DBA/2J mice inoculated withPlasmodium bergheiANKA (PbA) develop cerebral involvement 6–8 days post-inoculation, from which the CBA mice almost invariably die and the DBA mice recover. Dexamethasone (DXM; 80 mg/kg) given to inoculated CBA mice twice, on day 3 and again within 48 h, reduced the cerebral symptoms and prevented death from cerebral malaria. Plasma tumour necrosis factor (TNF) levels, which increased at the time of the cerebral symptoms, were also reduced in these DXM-treated mice. Intravenously administered Evans Blue, a dye which binds to albumin, diffused extensively across the blood-brain barrier only during the period of cerebral symptoms, in proportion to the severity of the cerebral symptoms and the disease. In PbA-infected CBA mice, cerebral symptoms and the amount of Evans Blue diffusing into the brain tissue were both reduced by DXM treatment, but only if the steroid was given on day 3 and again within 48 h. Endotoxin injected intravascularly into PbA-infected DBA mice after day 5 resulted in an exaggeration of cerebral symptoms and death between days 6 and 9. Plasma TNF and the amount of Evans Blue in the brain parenchyma increased above normal levels in these mice. Endotoxin injections had only minor effects on the severity of the cerebral symptoms in PbA-infected CBA mice and did not cause the animals to die sooner.

scholarly journals Inhibition of In Vivo Growth of Plasmodium berghei by Launaea taraxacifolia and Amaranthus viridis in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewale Adetutu ◽  
Olubukola S. Olorunnisola ◽  
Abiodun O. Owoade ◽  
Peter Adegbola
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Antimalarial Agents ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
In Vivo Growth

Launaea taraxacifolia and Amaranthus viridis used by people of Western Africa in the treatment of malaria and related symptoms were assessed for their antiplasmodial value against the chloroquine sensitive strain of Plasmodium berghei. Crude extracts (200 mg/kg) and chloroquine (5 mg/kg) were administered to different groups of Swiss mice. The percentage of parasitemia, survival time, and haematological parameters were determined. Both extracts significantly (p<0.05) inhibited parasitemia and improved survival time in infected mice. The crude extracts prevented loss of some haematological parameters. A. viridis had a distinct effect on the packed cell volume. The extract was able to protect the liver from some of the damage. This study however showed that the methanolic extracts of A. viridis and L. taraxacifolia possess antiplasmodial activity. The results of this study can be used as a basis for further phytochemical investigations in the search for new and locally affordable antimalarial agents.

scholarly journals EFEK SINERGIS KLOROKUIN DAN N-ACETYL CYSTEINE TERHADAP PENURUNAN PARASITEMIA DAN PENURUNAN KADAR MALONDYALDEHYDE ERITROSIT MENCIT YANG DIINFEKSI PLASMODIUM BERGHEI

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Agustin Iskandar ◽  
Sudjari Sudjari
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Synergic Effect ◽  
The World ◽  
Parasitemia Level ◽  
Acetyl Cysteine ◽  
Combined Drugs ◽  
Global Health Problem

Malaria is still a global health problem around the world particularly in Indonesia. Chloroquine is one of the anti-malarial drugs which is still used in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to know the synergic effect of Chloroquine and N-Acetyl Cysteine towards parasitemia and erythrocyte malondyaldehyde levels in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. This was an experimental research using Plasmodium berghei and BALB/c strain mice, 6−8 weeks old, with body weight 20−30 grams. After infected with Plasmodium berghei, the mice were divided into eight (8) groups: control, chloroquine, NAC 0.25 mg/gBb; NAC 0.5 mg/gBb; NAC 1 mg/gBb and combined drugs of chloroquine and NAC 0.25 mg/gBb; NAC 0.5 mg/gBb; NAC 1 mg/gBb. On the 3rd, 5th, and 7th day after treatment, the mice were killed and their parasitemia and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. By using MANOVA and Tukey HSD test, a signifi cant difference in parasitemia level was found between the control and chloroquine group, as well as the control and combined drug groups. In the NAC groups, there was no decrease. The decrease of MDA level began on the 7th day. It can be concluded that there was a synergic effect between the chloroquine and N-Acetyl Cysteine in decreasing parasitemia and malondyaldehyde levels in mice BALB/c infected with Plasmodium berghei.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of Chemosuppressive activity of three Chinese teas on Plasmodium berghei infected mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-383
Author(s):  
Bankole Olukayode Olusola ◽  
◽  
Oderinde Abdulganiyu Olumuyiwa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Antimalarial Drugs ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Weight Changes

Malaria, a hazardous infirmity caused by a parasitic malady of the red blood cells, is without question harming to the wellbeing. In the present investigation, the chemosuppresive and haematopoietic activities of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight of unrefined ethanolic concentrates of three Chinese green teas (BIA 849, TD 570 and GB/T19598) were assessed using the 4-day suppressive anti-plasmodial assay in mice Plasmodium berghei (NK65 strain) pre-infected mice. The effect of the extracts on weight of the animals was evaluated. It was observed that 200 mg/kg bw (body weight) of BIA 849 and GB/T19598 were as potent as 5 mg/kg bw of chloroquine, with percentage suppressions of 58.97 ± 5.04, 57.63 ± 5.62 and 57.50 ± 4.5, respectively. TD570 at 200 mg/kg bw was more effective in suppressing plasmodium. 400 mg/kg body weight of TD570 and GB/T19598 extracts were more potent than 5 mg/kg bw of chloroquine having 100 % chemosuppression. The chemosuppression of BIA 849 did not change altogether at 400 mg/kg bw. The haematological parameters, WBC, RBC and MCV did not significantly change in the groups treated with the tea extracts utilizing suppressive model of malaria treatment contrasted with the uninfected group and were comparable to those treated with chloroquine. Haemoglobin concentration nonetheless, varied significantly with respect to the uninfected group. Weight changes were most significant with 200 mg/kg bw of TD 570 treated group (32 % increase) on suppression. All in all, the green teas displayed high chemosuppressive and haematopoietic possibilities and are thusly prescribed as contender for additionally screening as elective antimalarial drugs

ALLIUM SATIVUM ESSENTIAL OIL (ASEO);

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 612-616
Author(s):  
Faisal Irshad ◽  
Hina Mawani ◽  
Sana Naz
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Animal House

Objectives: To determine the effects of Allium sativum essential oil (ASEO)phytotherapy on serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDLc, LDLc and blood cell counts inalbino rat model. Study design: Experimental study. Setting and Duration: Animal House,Sindh Agriculture University and Isra University Hyderabad from May 2014 to January 2015.Materials and Methods: 60 albino rats were divided into four groups. Controls were givenPlacebo. Experimental rat groups were given ASEO 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kgorally for 30 days. Cardiac puncture was performed for blood sampling. Research variableswere analyzed on Statistix 10.0 (USA). Results: Blood lipids showed significant reduction invarious blood lipid fractions. Serum LDLc exhibited with a concomitant rise in serum HDLc (p=0.0001) in high ASEO treated rats. Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelet showedsignificant improvement ASEO fed rats (p=0.001). Conclusion: Allium sativum essential oil(ASEO) phytotherapy showed a rise in HDLc and a reduction in LDLc, triglycerides and totalcholesterol with improvement in red blood cell counts.

scholarly journals Effects of Cucumis metuliferus (Cucurbitaceae) fruits on enzymes and haematological parameters in albino rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. 2515-2518 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Wannang Noel ◽  
S Jimam Nanloh ◽  
Omale Simeon ◽  
L P Dapar Maxwell ◽  
S Gyang Steven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Albino Rats

scholarly journals Anti-Ulcerogenic Potential of Aqueous Extract of Securinega virosa Leaf in Indomethacin-Induced Ulcerated Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-204
Author(s):  
Musa O. SALAWU ◽  
Abdsamad YEKEEN ◽  
Mikhail O. NAFIU ◽  
Hussein O.B. OLOYEDE
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group A ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Oral Doses ◽  
Securinega Virosa ◽  
Positive Effect

The anti-ulcerogenic activities of Securinega virosa aqueous leaf extract on gastric ulcer induced with indomethacin in albino rats were studied. Thirty rats weighing 120 - 200 g were grouped into six groups of five rats each. All groups except the uninduced-untreated (group A) were starved for 24 hours prior to indomethacin administration. After 4 hours of 30  mg kg-1 b.w. indomethacin administration, the groups (A, B, C, D, E and F) received once daily oral doses of distilled water (5ml kg-1 b.w.), cimetidine 60  mg kg-1 (b.w.) and the S. virosa extract at doses of 35, 70 and 140  mg kg-1 b.w. respectively for 11 days. At the end of the treatment, animals in groups B, C, D, E and F were starved for 18 hours then sacrificed. The extract significantly (p < 0.05) decreased gastric secretion volume, mean ulcer index, total acidity, total protein and pepsin secretion relative to the induced-untreated rats. The extract significantly (p < 0.05) increased the gastric pH and total carbohydrate content relative to the induced-untreated. These results were similar to those achieved by treatment with cimetidine. Catalase and SOD activities in the 35, 70 and 140 mg kg-1 bw S. virosa extract-treated groups were increased significantly (p < 0.05) over the untreated group. Similarly, the extract reversed the indomethacin-induced decrease in reduced glutathione level (GSSH) and the increase in malondialdehyde concentration in the serum. The histological analysis showed positive effect of the extract on the indomethacin-induced ulceration. It was concluded that the extract has anti-ulcerative and antioxidant activity in indomethacin-induced ulcerative rats.

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