scholarly journals Anti-Ulcerogenic Potential of Aqueous Extract of Securinega virosa Leaf in Indomethacin-Induced Ulcerated Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-204
Author(s):  
Musa O. SALAWU ◽  
Abdsamad YEKEEN ◽  
Mikhail O. NAFIU ◽  
Hussein O.B. OLOYEDE
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group A ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Oral Doses ◽  
Securinega Virosa ◽  
Positive Effect

The anti-ulcerogenic activities of Securinega virosa aqueous leaf extract on gastric ulcer induced with indomethacin in albino rats were studied. Thirty rats weighing 120 - 200 g were grouped into six groups of five rats each. All groups except the uninduced-untreated (group A) were starved for 24 hours prior to indomethacin administration. After 4 hours of 30  mg kg-1 b.w. indomethacin administration, the groups (A, B, C, D, E and F) received once daily oral doses of distilled water (5ml kg-1 b.w.), cimetidine 60  mg kg-1 (b.w.) and the S. virosa extract at doses of 35, 70 and 140  mg kg-1 b.w. respectively for 11 days. At the end of the treatment, animals in groups B, C, D, E and F were starved for 18 hours then sacrificed. The extract significantly (p < 0.05) decreased gastric secretion volume, mean ulcer index, total acidity, total protein and pepsin secretion relative to the induced-untreated rats. The extract significantly (p < 0.05) increased the gastric pH and total carbohydrate content relative to the induced-untreated. These results were similar to those achieved by treatment with cimetidine. Catalase and SOD activities in the 35, 70 and 140 mg kg-1 bw S. virosa extract-treated groups were increased significantly (p < 0.05) over the untreated group. Similarly, the extract reversed the indomethacin-induced decrease in reduced glutathione level (GSSH) and the increase in malondialdehyde concentration in the serum. The histological analysis showed positive effect of the extract on the indomethacin-induced ulceration. It was concluded that the extract has anti-ulcerative and antioxidant activity in indomethacin-induced ulcerative rats.

scholarly journals Effects of aflatoxin B1 on the submandibular salivary gland of albino rats and possible therapeutic potential of Rosmarinus officinalis: a light and electron microscopic study

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 752
Author(s):  
Bassant Ashraf ◽  
Dahlia Ghazy ◽  
Mohamed Shamel
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Rosemary Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group A ◽  
Convoluted Tubules

Background: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a highly toxic mycotoxin, is one of the contaminants of food items such as corn, rice, nuts, and flour. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of AFB1 on the histology and ultrastructure of the submandibular salivary glands (SMSG) of albino rats and examine the possible therapeutic effect of Rosmarinus officinalis extract. Methods: This study used 21 adult male albino rats equally divided into three groups as follows: Group C (saline-treated control group); Group A (AFB1 treated group) subjected to intraperitoneal injection of AFB1 (2 mg/kg) once daily for four weeks; Group R (rosemary-treated group) subjected to AFB1 as in Group A followed by two weeks of intraperitoneal injection of Rosmarinus officinalis extract (400mg/kg) once daily. At the end of the experimental periods, SMSGs were excised and fixed for histological and ultrastructural examinations. Results: SMSGs of the AFB1 group presented atrophied serous acini with numerous cytoplasmic vacuolations; their granular convoluted tubules, striated ducts and excretory ducts presented signs of degeneration in their cell lining with the presence of abundant cytoplasmic vacuolations. In addition, dilated blood vessels engorged with red blood cells were frequently seen. Ultrastructural findings of the AFB1 group showed some acinar cells with degenerated mitochondria presenting loss of cristae and vacuolations as well as irregular, shrunken nuclei with condensed chromatin. Dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum were observed in granular convoluted tubules and striated ducts. The glands of animals that received rosemary extract almost regained their normal architecture. Conclusions: It can be concluded that rosemary extract has an ameliorative effect on the deleterious histological and ultrastructural changes induced by chronic AFB1 intake in rat SMSGs.

scholarly journals Effect of Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extract on hepato-renal changes of albino rats induced with Salmonella typhimurium

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 734
Author(s):  
Nasiru Suleiman ◽  
Bulama Ibrahim ◽  
Bagudo Ibrahim Ahmed ◽  
Attahiru Zayyanu
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group A ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

Background: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera against Salmonella typhimurium infected changes in liver and kidney function parameters in albino rats.Methods: Twenty acclimatized albino rats were divided into four groups of five rats each (groups A-D). Groups B, C and D were exposed to 0.1ml (3.0x104 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium. Six hours post- infection, Groups B and C were treated with 50 and 100mg/kg of Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extract respectively and continued for 21 days. Group D was not treated while group A was neither infected nor treated. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), bilirubin, albumin, total protein, urea and creatinine were estimated using standard methods. All data were collected and analyzed in October 2015.Results: S. typhimurium infection significantly (p<0.05) increased the levels of ALP, ALT, AST, bilirubin, urea and creatinine when compared with control levels (Group A). Total protein and albumin concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) reduced following the infection. However, Moringa oleifera supplementation was associated with significant (p<0.05) decrease in the levels of ALP, ALT, AST, bilirubin, urea and creatinine. It is also associated with decrease in concentrations of total protein and albumin.Conclusions: This study showed S. typhimurium infection induced changes in liver and kidney function parameters and also revealed possible amelioratory effects to these changes after Moringa oleifera supplementation.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF GASTROPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF CAJANUS CAJAN SEEDS EXTRACT ON ETHANOL-INDUCED GASTRIC ULCER IN ALBINO RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
AZUBUIKE, NKIRUKA C ◽  
B. AMARA UDEMBA
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ulcer Model ◽  
Group B

Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the gastroprotective potential of Cajanus cajan seed aqueous extract (CCSE) on experimentally induced gastric ulcer in albino rats. Methods: Preliminary acute toxicity study was conducted to determine the oral median lethal dose (LD50). Twenty (20) male rats divided into 5 groups (A-E) of 4 animals each were used. Group A (normal control) and B (ulcer model) received 10ml/kg distilled water. Groups C, D and E received Cimetidine (100mg/kg b.w intraperitoneally), 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg b.w of CCSE orally respectively, once daily for seven (7) days. On Day 8, gastric ulcers were induced in groups B – E using 80% ethanol (1ml/rat) prior to sacrifice. Ulcer indices were determined on excised stomach tissues prior to further processing for histological examination. Results: The LD50 of CCSE is greater than 5g/kg b.w. Cimetidine and CCSE treatments showed statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) in ulcer indices compared to group B (ulcer model). Histological features revealed noticeable preservation of the gastric mucosa in consistence with the macroscopical findings. Conclusion: The present study revealed that C. cajan seed extract possesses gastroprotective properties against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers.

scholarly journals Antiulcer and Antioxidant Potential of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Leaves Methanol Extract in Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Jude Nwaogu ◽  
Aminu Argungu ◽  
Adetayo Joseph Adefarakan
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Gastric Mucosal Lesions ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: This research is aimed at assessing the antiulcer and antioxidant potential of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves methanol extract in albino rats. Methodology: Fresh leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis were harvested from the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero. The dried pulverized leaves were extracted using Soxhlet apparatus with methanol as the solvent. Thirty male albino rats weighing between 200 g and 250 g were used in this study. The rats were randomly divided into six (6) groups of five (5) rats each. Antiulcer and antioxidant activity was evaluated using ethanol-induced ulcer model. Ulcer was induced in all groups except Group 1 which served as the control and received distilled water only. Group 2 was not treated while Group 3 was treated with omeprazole (50mg/kg). Groups 4, 5 and 6 were treated with 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg of the extract respectively. After seven days of treatment, the albino rats were humanely sacrificed, ulcer index determined and the serum assessed for antioxidants levels. Results: The gastric mucosal lesions produced in the untreated group were very visible and had an ulcer index of 12.83. Pre-treatment with omeprazole and graded doses of the extract showed significant reductions (P<.05) in ulcer index in a dose dependent manner. The SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH and MDA levels were significantly reduced (P<.05) in the untreated group with progressive reduction in the treated groups as the extract concentration reduced. The antioxidant vitamins (Vitamin A, C and E) reduced in concentration significantly (P<.05) without any significant difference between the untreated group and the groups that received 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg of the extract. Meanwhile, the group treated with 800mg/kg of the extract significantly increased (P<.05) the concentrations of these vitamins when compared to the group that received ethanol only. Conclusion: Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves methanol extract possesses both antiulcer and antioxidant activity. This justifies the use of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves in traditional medicine in the management of ulcer and validates its antiulcer potential.

scholarly journals Studies on Ameliorative Effects of Polyphenolic Extract from Paullinia pinnata L. (Sapindaceae) on Carbon Tetrachloride - Induced Hepatotoxicity and Oxidative Stress: an in vivo Assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail O. NAFIU ◽  
Sefiu S. OLANIYI ◽  
Musa O. SALAWU ◽  
Abdulwakeel Ayokun-nun AJAO ◽  
Musbau A. AKANJI
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Polyphenolic Extract ◽  
Group A

The current study investigates the effects of polyphenolic extract from the leaf of Paullinia pinnata against CCl4 – induced oxidative stress and liver damage in female albino rats. Thirty albino rats were randomly distributed into six groups (A-F). Rats in group A were given 1 ml normal saline orally to serve as control. The rats in groups B, C, D, E, and F were respectively induced intraperitoneally with single administration of 1 ml/kg body weight (b. wt) CCl4 dissolved in liquid paraffin (1:1). Thirty minutes after induction, the rats in the respective groups were orally treated with normal saline, 50 mg/kg b. wt. Silymarin, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b. wt. polyphenolic extract from P. pinnata respectively, once daily for 7 days.  Levels of liver function indices and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were determined. Administration of polyphenolic extract from P. pinnata significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated CCl4- induced hepatotoxicity with respect to liver function indices, antioxidant and lipid peroxidation parameters. The biochemical changes observed were also consistent with histopathological observations on the rat liver, as architectural degeneration and severe cellular necrosis were restored after the administration of polyphenolic extract from P. pinnata in the treated groups. The study suggests that polyphenolic extract from P. pinnata is a potential hepatoprotective agent against CCl4-mediated hepatic injury through fortification of antioxidant defense mechanisms.

scholarly journals Intrapulmonary Pharmacokinetics of Telithromycin, a New Ketolide, in Healthy Japanese Volunteers

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 917-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Ichi Kadota ◽  
Yuji Ishimatsu ◽  
Tetsuji Iwashita ◽  
Yuichi Matsubara ◽  
Kazunori Tomono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Group ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Epithelial Lining Fluid ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Oral Doses ◽  
Group D ◽  
Time Point

ABSTRACT The concentrations of telithromycin, a new ketolide antimicrobial agent, in alveolar macrophages (AMs) and bronchoalveolar epithelial lining fluid (ELF) were determined in order to investigate the transfer of the drug into target tissue, relative to plasma, following multiple oral doses of telithromycin. Twenty-four healthy male Japanese volunteers were randomly allocated to four groups. Each subject was given 600 or 800 mg of telithromycin once daily for 5 days, followed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) 2 or 8 h after the last dose (group A and B: 600 mg, 2 and 8 h BAL time point; group C and D: 800 mg, 2 and 8 h BAL time point). The mean concentrations of the drug in AMs and ELF were 34.54 and 4.92 mg/liter in group A, 50.97 and 2.26 mg/liter in group B, 25.47 and 4.24 mg/liter in group C, and 108.22 and 4.31 mg/liter in group D, respectively, which markedly exceeded concentrations in plasma. These results demonstrated good transfer of telithromycin into AMs and ELF, suggesting good efficacy against common respiratory pathogens, including intracellular pathogens and atypical microorganisms.

Evaluation of the Antiulcer Activity of Ethanolic Leave Extracts of Saraca indica against Ethanol, Pylorus Ligature and Indomethacin Induced Ulcer in Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1191-1196
Author(s):  
Pritt Verma ◽  
Shravan K. Paswan ◽  
Vishal K. Vishwakarma ◽  
Priyanshi Saxena ◽  
Chandana V. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mucosal Injury ◽  
Gastric Volume ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Cellulose Solution ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
High Doses

Background: To evaluate the antiulcer activity of ethanolic leaves extract of Saraca indica against ethanol, pylorus ligature and indomethacin in albino rats. Materials and Methods: Ulcer was produced by ethanol, pylorus ligature and indomethacin in albino rats. Five groups (n=6) of rats were orally pre-treated with carboxymethyl cellulose solution, and ranitidine (80 mg/kg) respectively. In ethanol induced ulcer, the animals were treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. ethanolic leave extracts of Saraca indica in 0.3% CMC solution, 60 minutes before oral administration of absolute ethanol to produce gastric mucosal injury. In indomethacin induced ulcer, the drug was administered orally at the dose of 30 mg/kg b.w. After 7-9 hours of administration of indomethacin (30 mg/kg); the animals were sacrificed with high doses of anesthesia. In the pylorus ligature method, volume of free acidity, gastric secretion, pH and total acidity were estimated. In all three models, the ulcer index and % protection were estimated. Results: The anti ulcer activity of ethanolic leave extracts of Saraca indica in ethanol, indomethacin and pylorus ligature models is evident from the significant (P<0.001) reduction in ulcer index. In pylorus ligature model, significant (P<0.001) reduction in total acidity gastric volume and increase in pH were observed when compared with the standard drug. Conclusion: Ethanolic leave extracts of Saraca indica were found to be significantly protective against ethanol, indomethacin and pylorus ligature induced gastric ulcers in the experimental albino rats. The result obtained suggest that ethanolic leave extracts of Saraca indica possesses significant anti-ulcer activity.

Social Facilitation of Exploratory Behavior in Rats: Effects of Increased Exposure to Novel Stimuli

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Simmel ◽  
D. Phillip McGee
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Social Facilitation ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

In a replication of an earlier study, with minor modifications of apparatus and an increase of trial durations from 4 to 6 min., 6 male albino rats (Group A) who had previously explored a novel stimulus were run with 6 rats who had not. When compared with 6 rats (Group B) who had explored the stimulus and were then run with 6 Ss who had equivalent experience, Group A Ss showed significantly more exploratory responses than Group B Ss ( p = > .001). Group A Ss made 103 exploratory responses within 5 sec. of Ss with which they were paired, while Group B Ss made none. These results were in the same direction as those reported in the previous study, but the differences were much greater.

Decrement of the Purkinje Cells Diameter after Oral Intake of Lithium in Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1788-1789
Author(s):  
Tazeen Kohari ◽  
Farah Malik ◽  
Aftab Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cerebellar Gray Matter ◽  
Group B

Background: The histology of Cerebellar gray matter consists of a middle Purkinje cells layer with flask shaped Purkinje cells. The field of Neurology has documented that different organic compounds and metals are lethal to the excitatory Purkinje Neurons. Researches have proved Lithium to be hazardous to nervous tissue and especially Cerebellum For the past sixty years Lithium is the favorable drug for treatment of Bipolar Disorder. Aim: To Analyse and record the changes of decrement of the size of Purkinje cell Diameter after chronic Lithium ingestion. Methods: Sixteen albino rats were selected and were treated with lithium for a period of fifteen days and the data for changes in Purkinje cells Diameter was observed. Results: The Observations of Our study showed highly significantly decreased diameter of the Purinje cells in Group B (Lithium Carbonate) animals as compared to Group A Animals which were on Lab Diet Conclusion: The Morphometric Data proved that Lithium Carbonate is Toxic to Purkinje cells, and it educated our Population to use Lithium with caution. Keywords: Purkinje cell Diameter, Gray matter, Hazardous

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document