Lead exposure of Bangladeshi women at childbearing age: Does mother's education reduce fetal risk factors?

Background: Bacterial meningitis is a leading cause of high childhood transience. It is the foremost cause of fatality in pediatric age group of 0-5 years in India accounting 0.5 to 2.6% of hospital admissions with CFR 16-30%. Based on above scenario, the study was undertaken to address the prevalence, etiology, social determinants of health factors of bacterial meningitis among under five children Odisha, India. Methods: A cross sectional study comprising of children under five years of age admitted to tertiary care hospital and teaching institutions in Cuttack with suspected clinical diagnosis of bacterial meningitis during April, 2012 to September 2013. About 634 children enrolled into the study after getting appropriate consent from parents or their legal guardians. Lumbar puncture was done and CSF was sent for biochemical analysis, cell counts, staining, culture, latex agglutination test (LAT) and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). Results: About 61 children (10.4%) were confirmed with diagnosis of bacterial meningitis by either culture, latex or RT PCR. Male children (74.7%) were significantly more prone to bacterial meningitis than females (24.3%). The common isolated pathogens were Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza type b, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebseilla pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Streptococcus pneumoniae was observed to be most common pathogen (57.6%) followed by Haemophilus influenzae type b (26.2%). The risk factors analyzed showed statistically significant association (p<0.01) with low household income, mother’s education, overcrowding (more than 3 persons in a single room), smoking and poor ventilation of household. Conclusion: Strengthening early detection of bacteria meningitis by rapid diagnostic test like LATEX, RT PCR and prompt treatment of emergent case at the household level, improvement in mother’s education and awareness, transportation to local hospital and facility for treatment and care should be utmost priority in the present scenario. It is crucial to assess the burden of bacterial meningitis with its etiology is in this region as vaccines are yet to be introduced in the child vaccine program.

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Joint Binary Response Modeling for Childhood Comorbidity in Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-113070/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tesfaye Abera Bokoro ◽

Habtamu Kiros Gebresilasie

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Standard Errors ◽

Binary Response ◽

Response Model ◽

Childhood Diarrhea ◽

Mother’S Education ◽

Mother's Education

Abstract Background: Childhood diarrhea and Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) are some of the diseases that share common risk factors in tropical developing regions. The objective of the study was to identify risk factors of childhood diarrhea and ARI among children age under-five years old based on 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data.Methods: A joint binary response model that accommodates the interdependence between the two diseases was employed. Results: We found a common odds ratio value (4.30) greater than unity, describing a positive association between the two childhood diseases. Thereby, employing a joint model to assess the potential factors for diarrhea and acute respiratory infection (ARI) was reasonable. Moreover, it was identified that standard errors of the parameter estimates in the joint response model were smaller compared to the corresponding standard errors of the separate models.Conclusion: In the joint model, explanatory variables such as residence, vaccination, mother’s education, and antenatal care visits during pregnancy were found statistically significant risk factors for diarrhea, whereas residence, number of children ever born, vaccination, mother’s education, and wealth index were statistically significant risk factors for childhood Acute Respiratory Infection. The two correlated dichotomous response variables that is, diarrhea and ARI were affected together significantly by the risk factors such as residence, vaccination, and mother’s education.

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FAKTOR RISIKO TRANSMISI VIRUS HIV PADA IBU HAMIL DI PAPUA

Jurnal Kesehatan Reproduksi ◽

10.22146/jkr.35433 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Alberthzon Kris Silo Rabrageri ◽

Risanto Siswosudarmo ◽

Soetrisno Soetrisno

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Medical Record ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Premature Delivery ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

Mother’S Education ◽

Mother's Education

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has been transmitted all over the world and attack people including pregnant women and their fetus. HIV-AIDS has become the main cause of maternal death. The transmission is started from Africa to Indonesia, specifically to Papua Island. In Papua, HIV is a serious threat for pregnant women’s life because of its fast transmission, even faster from other regions in Indonesia. Until present, there has no research about HIV transmission on pregnant women in Papua Island.Objective: To conduct analysis on risk factors related to HIV transmission on pregnant women in Papua Island.Method: Cross sectional continued with retrospective cohort. Data was taken from medical record of all patients delivering in eight state-owned hospitals in Papua and West Papua provinces started from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2013. Inclusion criteria were all pregnant women who delivered vaginally or by caesarean sections with HIV and non HIV diagnosis and had complete medical record data. Data being taken included mother’s age when delivered the baby, mother’s education, parents’ social economic status, mother’s ethnicity, parents’ domicile, prematurity and infant’s birth weight. The two research groups were HIV (+) and HIV (-) groups. Data were statistically analyzed using Pearson Chi Square for univarian and logistic regression for multivarian.Result and Discussion: In Papua island, prevalence of pregnant women with HIV was 15.3%, and mostly occurred in reproductive age ( 85.1%). The main transmission source was heterosexual (100%). Univarian analysis found that mothers’s age <20 years old when delivered the baby increase 1.12 times compared to > 20 years old but it’s statistically insignificant (p=0.53). Mothers education < 9 years increases the risk of HIV 1.4 times compared to mother’s education > 9 years (p=0.01). The husband’s low socioeconomic status increase the risk of 5.51 times compared with husband’s high socioeconomic status (p<0.01). The wife’s low socioeconomic status increase the risk of 1.22 times, in which statistically insignificant (p=0.14). Native Papuanese pregnant women has significantly 3.05 times higher risk for HIV transmission compared to non Papuanese (p<0.01). Pregnant women’s domicile in villages increase the transmission significantly 2.21 times compared to cities’ domiciles (p<0.00). Premature delivery increased HIV transmission by 1.7 times (p<0.01). Low infant body weight increased the transmission by 1.64 times significantly (p<0.01). Multivarian analysis showed that husband’s low socioeconomic status, Papuanese ethnicity and domicile in villages are the most dominant factors influencing HIV transmission on pregnant women in Papua Island.Conclusion: Varied risk factors on HIV transmission resulted in the occurrence of HIV (+) cases in Papua Island, while the most dominant factors are husband with low socioeconomic status, Papua ethnicity and domicile in villages. Keywords: HIV, risk factors, birthing mothers, Papua Island.

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GAMBARAN FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA BALITA

Jurnal Kebidanan Malahayati ◽

10.33024/jkm.v7i4.4736 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 681-687

Author(s):

Lani Gumilang ◽

Devi Nurlaelasari ◽

Meita Dhamayanti ◽

Rd. Tina Dewi Judistiani ◽

Neneng Martini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Premature Birth ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Female Gender ◽

Mother’S Education ◽

History Of ◽

Mother's Education

Background: Anemia is a condition in which the hemoglobin is below the normal value. According to Riskesdas, anemia in toddlers in 2018 was 38.5%. Many factors cause anemia in toddler, such as gender, birth weight, history of premature birth, history of exclusive breastfeeding, nutritional status and mother's education. Purpose: This study aims to determine the description of the risk factors for the incidence of anemia in toddler.Methods: This study uses secondary data in the form of a cohort with a total sampling of 53 toddler in Cirebon Regency. The analysis used in this research is univariate analysis. Results: In this study, it was shown that Toddler with anemia were seen from risk factors, namely female sex as much as 55.2%. Normal birth weight is 57.4%. Good nutritional status (BB/U) was 55.1% and Toddler short nutritional status (TB/U) were 66.6%. Those who do not have a history of exclusive breastfeeding are 60.8%, and have a history of being premature as much as 60% and with a mother's education not attending school as much as 100%Conclusion: Female gender, Toddler with short nutritional status and a history of premature birth and mothers with low education are more likely to experience anemia than other risk factors. Suggestion It is necessary to provide counseling to parents of toddlers regarding risk factors for the incidence of anemia in toddlers, especially in toddlers with female gender and toddlers experiencing stunting. Keywords: Anemia, Toddler, Risk Factor ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Anemia adalah suatu kondisi di mana hemoglobin berada dibawah nilai normal. Menurut Riskesdas anemia pada balita tahun 2018 yaitu sebesar 38,5%. Banyak faktor yang menyebabkan anemia pada balita, seperti jenis kelamin, berat badan lahir, riwayat prematur, riwayat ASI Eklusif, status gizi dan pendidikan ibu.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor risiko kejadian anemia pada balita.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa kohort dengan total sampling sebanyak 53 balita di Kabupaten Cirebon. Analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis univariat.Hasil: Dalam penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa balita yang mengalami anemia dilihat dari faktor risiko yaitu jenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 55,2%. Berat badan lahir normal yaitu 57,4%. Status gizi baik (BB/U) sebanyak 55,1% dan balita status gizi pendek (TB/U) yang mengalami anemia sebanyak 66,6%. Yang tidak memiliki riwayat ASI eklusif sebanyak 60,8%, dan memiliki riwayat prematur sebanyak 60% serta dengan pendidikan ibu tidak sekolah sebanyak 100%Kesimpulan: Jenis kelamin perempuan, balita dengan status gizi pendek dan memiliki riwayat prematur serta ibu yang berpendidikan rendah lebih banyak yang mengalami anemia dibandingkan faktor risiko lainnya.Saran perlu dilakukan penyuluhan pada orang tua balita mengenai faktor risiko kejadian anemia pada balita terutama pada balita dengan jenis kelamin perempuan dan balita yang mengalami stunting. Kata kunci : Anemia, Balita, Faktor Risiko

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REVIEW LITERATUR ANALISIS PENGARUH FAKTOR RISIKO TERHADAP KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA ANAK BALITA

KOSALA : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan ◽

10.37831/jik.v5i1.121 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Budi Kristanto

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Weight ◽

Literature Review ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Adult Life ◽

Multiple Sources ◽

Before And After ◽

Mother’S Education ◽

Duration Of Breastfeeding ◽

Mother's Education

Background: stunting is the result of non-fulfillment of nutrients as per the terms ofnutrition in growth between the period of conception to age 24 months. Stunting reflectsthe accumulated growth retardation before and after birth. Failure of growth duringchildhood and often irreversible effect on adult life is short stature. The cause stuntingvery complex.Objective: the aim of this literature review to analyze the effect of risk factors on theincidence of stunting in children under five.Methods: the literature review conducted by Critical appraisal. The inclusion criteriainclude children with stunting, aged 0-59 months, have KMS, still have a father and amother. While exclusion criteria specified are children who do not have KMS, childrenwho have no parents. Data extracted from multiple sources and then synthesized into areview article from 6 different articles.Results: factor nutritional status and body weight ≥ 2,500 grams, socioeconomic for classC (poorest), aged 12-23 months, the duration of breastfeeding a child for 6-12 monthsand the mother's education with secondary and higher education have a significantinfluence on the incidence of stunting children (ρ-value = <0.001; <0.001; <0.001; <0.001;<0.002 and <0.008). Nutritional status and body weight ≥ 2,500 grams, socioeconomic forclass C (poorest) and the duration of breastfeeding a child for 6-12 months is a risk factorfor children to experience stunting, while the mother's education at secondary and highereducation is not a risk factor stunting of children ( OR = 0.83 and 0.73).Conclusions: social and economic factors are dominant factors on the risk of childrenexperiencing stunting (OR = 4.8).Keywords: stunting, toddler, risk factors

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RISIKO FAKTOR IBU TERHADAP KEJADIAN STUNTING

Jurnal Kebidanan Malahayati ◽

10.33024/jkm.v7i4.4413 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 842-850

Author(s):

Ria Astuti ◽

Neneng Martini ◽

Sharon Gondodiputro

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Random Sampling ◽

P Value ◽

Stratified Random Sampling ◽

Maternal Factors ◽

Mother’S Education ◽

History Of ◽

Anemia During Pregnancy ◽

Mother's Education

Background: Stunting is one of the nutritional problems experienced by todders in the world today. According to RISKESDAS data in 2018, the incidence of stunting in indonesia wasa 29,9%. in west java 29,9%, in Sumedang regency 41,08%, and in the Jatinangor Puskesmas working area in 2019 there were 381 stunting children.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between maternal risk factors and the incidence of stunting in the working area of the Jatinangor Comunity Health Center. Methods: This research is a quantitative study with an analytical research design with a case control approach. The cases in this study werw children with stunting and control, namely children who were not stunting. Sampling was carried out by proportional stratified random sampling for stunting infants and for non-stunting samples according to stunting infants ( 1:1) with a samples size of 154 respondents. Data was collected by measuring the height of children under five, filling in the questionnare and looking at the history of anemia during pregnancy in the chi-square test. Results: The results showed that maternal factors such as: mother's age, mother's education, how many children, history of exclusive breastfeeding, history of anemia during pregnancy obtained p value> 0.05 which indicates there is no relationship and there is no significant risk and maternal factors such as work. obtained p value <0.05 which indicates there is a relationship and there is a large risk, namely 2.6 times compared to mothers who do not work.Conclusion: There is no significant relationship and risk between maternal age, mother’s education, how many children, history of exclusive breastfeeding, history of anemia in pregnant women, the incidence pf p>0,05 for each variable, and there is a relationship between maternal work and the incidence of stunting with p<0,05 (p=0,009<0,005) and there is a risk of stunting in working mothers with 2,6 times compared to mothers who do not work.Suggestion: Future researchers are expected to be able to further examine what types of mother's work can affect stunting and examine more deeply about who the child's parenting pattern is assigned to and the last education of the caregiver of the child, not only the last education of the mother. Keywords: risk factors, stunting, toddlers ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Kejadian balita pendek atau sering disebut sebagai stunting merupakan salah satu masalah gizi yang dialami oleh balita di dunia saat ini. Menurut data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018 angka kejadian stunting di Indonesia terdapat 29,9%.1 Di Jawa Barat 29,9%, di Kabupaten Sumedang angkanya masih cukup tinggi yaitu sebesar 41,08%, dan berdasarkan data yang didapatkan di Kecamatan Jatinangor wilayah kerja Puskesmas pada tahun 2019 terdapat 381 balita stunting.Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara faktor risiko ibu dengan kejadian stunting di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Jatinangor Kabupaten Sumedang.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan kasus kontrol. Kasus dalam penelitian ini yaitu balita stunting dan kontrol yaitu balita non stunting. Sebanyak total 154 sampel yaitu 77 balita stunting dan 77 balita non stunting. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan proportional stratified random sampling untuk balita stunting dan untuk sampel non stunting menyesuaikan dari balita stunting (1:1). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan pengukuran tinggi badan balita, mengisi lembar pertanyaan serta melihat riwayat anemia ibu saat hamil dibuku KIA. Analisis data bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor ibu seperti: usia ibu, pendidikan ibu, anak keberapa, riwayat ASI ekslusif, riwayat anemia pada ibu saat hamil memperoleh nilai p > 0,05 yang menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan dan tidak terdapat risiko yang signifikan dan faktor ibu seperti pekerjaan didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 yang menunjukkan terdapat hubungan dan terdapat besar risiko yaitu 2,6 kali dibanding ibu yag tidak bekerja.Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan dan risiko yang signifikan antara usia ibu, pendidikan ibu, anak keberapa, riwayat ASI eksklusif, riwayat anemia pada ibu hamil terhadap kejadian dengan diperoleh nilai p > 0,05 dari masing-masing varibel, dan terdapat hubungan antara pekerjaan ibu terhadap kejadian stunting dengan nilai p < 0,05 (p=0,009<0,05) serta terdapat risiko kejadian stunting pada ibu bekerja 2,6 kali dibanding ibu yang tidak bekerja.Saran: Peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan dapat meneliti lebih lanjut mengenai jenis pekerjaan ibu seperti apa yang dapat mempengaruhi stunting dan mengkaji lebih mendalam mengenai pola asuh anak diserahkan kepada siapa dan pendidikan terakhir pengasuh dari anak tersebut, bukan hanya pendidikan terakhir dari ibunya. Kata Kunci : faktor risiko, stunting, balita

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